Protocols for Enzymatic Fluorometric Assays to Quantify Phospholipid Classes
Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu City, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(3), 1032; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031032
Received: 18 December 2019
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Revised: 31 January 2020
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Accepted: 2 February 2020
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Published: 4 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers in Drug-Induced Organ Injury)
Phospholipids, consisting of a hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic acyl chains, are essential for the structures of cell membranes, plasma lipoproteins, biliary mixed micelles, pulmonary surfactants, and extracellular vesicles. Beyond their structural roles, phospholipids have important roles in numerous biological processes. Thus, abnormalities in the metabolism and transport of phospholipids are involved in many diseases, including dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, cholestasis, drug-induced liver injury, neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, respiratory diseases, myopathies, and cancers. To further clarify the physiological, pathological, and molecular mechanisms and to identify disease biomarkers, we have recently developed enzymatic fluorometric assays for quantifying all major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol + cardiolipin, and sphingomyelin. These assays are specific, sensitive, simple, and high-throughput, and will be applicable to cells, intracellular organelles, tissues, fluids, lipoproteins, and extracellular vesicles. In this review, we present the detailed protocols for the enzymatic fluorometric measurements of phospholipid classes in cultured cells.
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Keywords:
enzymatic fluorometric measurement; phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylserine; phosphatidic acid; phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylglycerol; cardiolipin; sphingomyelin
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MDPI and ACS Style
Morita, S.-y.; Tsuji, T.; Terada, T. Protocols for Enzymatic Fluorometric Assays to Quantify Phospholipid Classes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031032
AMA Style
Morita S-y, Tsuji T, Terada T. Protocols for Enzymatic Fluorometric Assays to Quantify Phospholipid Classes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(3):1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031032
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorita, Shin-ya, Tokuji Tsuji, and Tomohiro Terada. 2020. "Protocols for Enzymatic Fluorometric Assays to Quantify Phospholipid Classes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3: 1032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031032
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