Platelets in Healthy and Disease States: From Biomarkers Discovery to Drug Targets Identification by Proteomics
Abstract
:1. Platelet Biology and its Roles in Human Diseases
1.1. Introduction
1.1.1. Platelet biology: An Overview
1.1.2. Platelets and Proteomics
1.2. Platelet Activation and Signaling
1.2.1. Proteins Involved in Platelet Activation and Signaling
1.2.2. Platelet Priming
1.3. The Role of Platelets in Disease
1.3.1. Platelets in Atherothrombosis
1.3.2. Platelets in Diabetes Mellitus
1.3.3. Platelets in Cancer
1.3.4. Platelets in Lung Diseases
1.3.5. Platelets in Neurological Disorders
1.4. Platelet Proteins as Targets for Antiplatelet Therapy
2. Overview of Proteomics of Platelets
2.1. Role of Proteomics in Platelet Study
2.2. Proteomic Characterization of Platelets
3. Detailed Review of the Literature of Proteomics of Platelets
3.1. Global Proteome of Platelets
3.1.1. Global Proteome of Platelets in Healthy and Disease Conditions
3.1.2. Global Proteome of Activated Platelets
3.2. Platelet Subproteomes
3.2.1. Platelet-Derived Microparticles (PMP)
3.2.2. Platelet Granule Releasate
3.2.3. Platelet Membrane Proteins
3.3. Post-Translational Modifications of Platelet Proteins
3.3.1. Protein Phosphorylation in Platelets
3.3.2. Protein Glycosylation in Platelets
3.3.3. Protein Palmitoylation in Platelets
3.3.4. Platelet Ubiquitome
3.3.5. Oxidative Stress and Platelets Protein Modification
3.4. Proteomic Study of Antiplatelet Agent Effects
3.5. Targeted Proteome on Platelets
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Disease | Sample Size | Stimulus/Treatment | Compartment | Total Identified Proteins * | Proteomic Method | Verification Methods | Validation on Independent Cohort | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | healthy | n/a | global proteome | 186 | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF | [91] | |||
phosphorylated proteins | 28 | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF | [91] | ||||||
2000 | healthy | n/a | thrombin | cytoskeletal proteins | n/a (27) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | [92] | ||
2002 | healthy | n/a | thrombin | Phosphorylated proteins | n/a (67) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF | IB | [93] | |
2002 | healthy | n/a | lipid rafts | n/a (3) | 1-DE and MALDI-TOF | [94] | |||
2003 | healthy | n/a | cytosolic and membrane fraction | 264 | COFRADIC | [95] | |||
2004 | healthy | n/a | global proteome | 760 | 2-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | [96] | |||
2004 | healthy | n/a | global proteome | 163 | COFRADIC | [97] | |||
2004 | healthy | n/a | TRAP | global proteome | ~1069 (41) | 2-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [98] | |
2004 | atherosclerosis | n/a | thrombin | platelet releasate | 81 (9) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF; MudPIT | confocal microscopy; IHC | [99] | |
2005 | healthy | n/a | ADP | microparticles | 578 | 1-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | [100] | ||
2005 | healthy | n/a | membranes | 297 | 1-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [101] | ||
2006 | healthy | n/a | collagen related peptide | phosphorylated proteins and global proteome | ~1800 (117) | 2-DE and LC- MS/MS | IB | [102] | |
2006 | healthy | n/a | N-glycoproteins | 41 | ConA trapping and nanoLC-MS/MS | [103] | |||
2007 | healthy | n/a | N-glycoproteins in plasma membranes | 79 | SCX and nanoLC-MS/MS | [104] | |||
2007 | atherosclerosis | n/a healthy subjects; 3 patients with delta storage pool disease | dense granules | n/a (40) | 2-DE and MALDI TOF/TOF or nanoLC-MS/MS | IB; IHC | [105] | ||
2007 | healthy | n/a | α-granule | 300 | 1-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | microscopy | [106] | ||
2007 | healthy | n/a | membranes | 136 | nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [107] | ||
2007 | healthy | 3 | ASA and ADP, collagen or TRAP | platelet releasate | 146 | 1-DE and nano-LC-MS/MS | IB; antibody arrays | [85] | |
2008 | arterial thrombosis | 29 patients; 24 controls | global proteome | n/a (3) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF | IB | [108] | ||
2008 | healthy | n/a | Phosphorylated proteins | 270 | IMAC, SCX and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [109] | ||
2008 | healthy | n/a | N-glycoproteins | 66 | ERLIC and nanoLC-MS/MS | [110] | |||
2009 | healthy | 3 | TRAP | platelet releasate | 325 | 1-DE and LC-MS/MS | n/a | [111] | |
2009 | healthy | 10 | phosphorylated proteins | 262 | 1-DE, IMAC and nanoLC-MS/MS | [111] | |||
global proteome | 1507 | nanoLC-MS/MS | |||||||
2009 | healthy | n/a | HNO donors | S-nitrosylation | n/a (21) | 1-DE and LC-MS/MS | LC-MRM | [112] | |
2009 | healthy | n/a | thrombin and collagen | microparticles | 546 | gel filtration and 2D-LC-MS/MS | [113] | ||
2009 | healthy | n/a | membranes | 1282 | COFRADIC, 1-DE, SCX and nanoLC-MS/MS | [114] | |||
2009 | healthy | n/a | rhodocytin | phosphorylated proteins | 83 | 1-DE and LC-MS/MS | IB | [115] | |
global protein | 2000(73) | 2D-DIGE and MALDI- TOF/TOF | IB | [115] | |||||
2010 | ACS and SCAD | 12 SCAD patients; 14 NSTEMI patients; 10 healthy subjects | global proteome | ~400 (6) | 2-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB; enzymatic assays | [116] | ||
2010 | ACS and SCAD | 18 NSTEMI patients; 10 SCAD patients | global proteome | n/a (40) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | IB | [117] | ||
2010 | healthy | 7 | mAb HGP4C9 | platelet releasate | n/a (13) | 2D-DIGE and LC-MS/MS | IB | [118] | |
2010 | Gray platelet syndrome | 1 patients | α-granule | n/a | 1-DE and LC-MS/MS | microscopy | [119] | ||
2010 | SCAD | 51 SCAD | ASA | global proteome | n/a (~17) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | IB; enzymatic assays | [120] | |
2011 | ACS and SCAD | 11 STEMI patients; 15 SCAD patients | global proteome | n/a (42) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | IB | 10 healthy volunteers | [121] | |
2011 | ACS and SCAD | 16 ACS patients; 26 SCAD patients | global proteome | n/a (22) | 2-DE and MALDI-MS/MS | IB; enzymatic assays | [122] | ||
2011 | healthy | n/a | palmitoylated proteins | 215 | acyl-biotin exchange and nanoLC-MS/MS | metabolic labeling | [123] | ||
2012 | healthy | 4 | global proteome | 4000 | nanoLC-MS/MS | [124] | |||
2012 | healthy | 5 | thrombin and shear stress | microparticles | n/a (26) | 2-DE and MALDI TOF/TOF | IB | [125] | |
2012 | SCAD | 20 SCAD patients undergoing PCI | clopidogrel | global proteome | n/a (18) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | IB | [126] | |
2012 | SCAD | 57 SCAD patients with type 2 diabetes | ASA and clopidogrel | global proteome | n/a (8) | 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | [127] | ||
2013 | healthy | 3 | thrombin and collagen | platelet releasate | 4116 (124) | 2D nanoLC-MS/MS | [128] | ||
2013 | healthy | n/a | ADP | microparticles | 600 | nanoLC-MS/MS | [129] | ||
2013 | Alzheimer’s disease | 7 control subjects; 7 AD patients | membranes | 1009 (144) | nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [130] | ||
2014 | healthy | 3 | PAR-1 and PAR-4 agonists | platelet releasate | 2296 (93) | SCX fractionation and nanoLC-MS/MS | [131] | ||
2014 | healthy | thrombin and oxidized phospholipids | Phosphorylated proteins | 418(115by oxPC and 181 by thrombin) | IMAC, SCX, TiO2 and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB; FC | [132] | ||
2014 | healthy | 4 | Iloprost | Phosphorylated proteins | ~2700(299) | TiO2 and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [133] | |
2014 | PMM2-congenital disorder | 11 healthy subjects; 6 patients | N-glycoproteins | n/a (12) | 2D-DIGE and MALDI TOF/TOF | [134] | |||
2014 | healthy | n/a | ubiquitinated proteins | n/a | affinity purification and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [135] | ||
2014 | healthy | n/a | Ca2+ ionophore, thrombin and collagen | microparticles | ~200 | 1-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | [136] | ||
2014 | healthy | n/a | granules | 827 | nanoLC-MS/MS | IF | [137] | ||
2015 | healthy | n/a | thrombin, ADP, collagen, alkyl-LPA | small GTPases | 12 | LC-MRM MS | IB | [138] | |
2015 | healthy | n/a | thrombin and collagen | platelet releasate | n/a (37) | 2D-DIGE and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [139] | |
2015 | healthy | n/a | ADP, thrombin and collagen | microparticles | 3000 | nanoLC-MS/MS | [140] | ||
2015 | healthy | 6 | targeted | 139 | QCONCAT LC-MRM | [141] | |||
2016 | ACS and SCAD | 10 STEMI | intracoronary and peripheral platelets | global proteome | ~1300 (16) | 2D- DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | IB | [142] | |
2016 | ACS and SCAD | 5 STEMI; 5 SCAD | collagen related peptide | phosphorylated proteins | n/a (26) | 1-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | 14 STEMI e 11 SCAD | [143] |
2016 | Scott Syndrome | 4 healthy subjects; 1 patients | thrombin, thrombin/convulxin, ionomycin | phosphorylated proteins | 709 | TiO2 and nanoLC-MS/MS | LC-PRM, IB; FC | [144] | |
proteolytic cleavage | 375 | ChaFRADIC and nanoLC-MS/MS | LC-PRM, IB; FC | [144] | |||||
global proteome | 2278 (134) | nanoLC-MS/MS | LC-PRM, IB; FC | [144] | |||||
2016 | healthy | n/a | 4-HNE | oxidized proteins | 72 | affinity purification and nanoLC-MS/MS | [145] | ||
2016 | healthy | n/a | lipid rafts | 822 | 1-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | [146] | |||
2016 | healthy | 18 healthy subjects | Sarpogrelate | global proteome | 5423 (499) | nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | 5 subjects | [147] |
2017 | healthy | 10 | global proteome | 3036 | nanoLC-MS/MS | FC | [148] | ||
2017 | healthy | n/a | ADP and Iloprost | phosphorylated proteins | 1600 (302 by ADP) | TiO2 and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB; LC-PRM | [149] | |
2017 | healthy | 4 | O-glycoproteins | 649 | affinity purification and nanoLC-MS/MS | in vitro peptide assay | [150] | ||
2017 | healthy | 3 | thrombin | microparticles | 400 | nanoLC-MS/MS | [151] | ||
2017 | healthy | 10 | collagen and ASA | glycoproteins | 424 (21) | nanoLC-MS/MS | ELISA | [152] | |
global proteome | 1532 (15) | nanoLC-MS/MS | ELISA | [152] | |||||
2017 | healthy | 5 | targeted | 99 | LC-PRM | [153] | |||
2018 | pancreatic cancer | 12 patients; 11 controls | global proteome | 4384 (85) | 1-DE and nanoLC-MS/MS | - | [154] | ||
2018 | Alzheimer’s disease | 115 AD patients; 49 controls | global proteome | n/a (22) | 2D- DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF | IB | [155] | ||
2018 | healthy | n/a | TRAP | beta-catenin interactors | 9 | IP and nanoLC-MS/MS | IB | [156] | |
2018 | healthy | 32 | thrombin | platelet releasate, exosome enriched | 277 | LC-MS/MS | [157] | ||
2018 | Friedreich’s ataxia | 7 patients; 7 healthy subjects | targeted | 1 | LC-PRM | [158] | |||
2019 | healthy | n/a | N-glycoproteins | affinity purification and nanoLC-MS/MS | [159] | ||||
2019 | healthy | n/a | collagen-related peptide | ubiquitinated proteins | 691 | affinity purification and nanoLC-MS/MS | [160] | ||
2019 | healthy | n/a | collagen-related peptide or rhodocytin | lipid rafts | 447 | nanoLC-MS/MS | [161] |
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Gianazza, E.; Brioschi, M.; Baetta, R.; Mallia, A.; Banfi, C.; Tremoli, E. Platelets in Healthy and Disease States: From Biomarkers Discovery to Drug Targets Identification by Proteomics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124541
Gianazza E, Brioschi M, Baetta R, Mallia A, Banfi C, Tremoli E. Platelets in Healthy and Disease States: From Biomarkers Discovery to Drug Targets Identification by Proteomics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124541
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianazza, Erica, Maura Brioschi, Roberta Baetta, Alice Mallia, Cristina Banfi, and Elena Tremoli. 2020. "Platelets in Healthy and Disease States: From Biomarkers Discovery to Drug Targets Identification by Proteomics" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124541