156,461 Results Found

TSC-22 (TGF-β stimulated clone-22) has been reported to induce differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in various cells. TSC-22 is a member of a family in which many proteins are produced from four different family genes. TSC-22 (correspond...

Sports nutrition supplementation is a widespread practice. Whey protein supplements contribute not only to protein intake but also to dietary exposure to minerals. The labelling present provides the percentage of protein and rarely refers to other co...

Plant proteins are attracting rising interest due to their pro-health benefits and environmental sustainability. However, little is known about the nutritional value of pea proteins when consumed by older people. Herein, we evaluated the digestibilit...

Literature from the past two decades has outlined the existence of a trade-off between protein stability and function. This trade-off creates a unique challenge for protein engineers who seek to introduce new functionality to proteins. These engineer...

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus and can be transmitted through an infected mosquito bite or through human-to-human interaction by sexual activity, blood transfusion, breastfeeding, or perinatal exposure. After the 2015–2016...

Repair of Iron Center proteins (RIC) form a family of di-iron proteins that are widely spread in the microbial world. RICs contain a binuclear nonheme iron site in a four-helix bundle fold, two basic features of hemerythrin-like proteins. In this wor...

Both defective and persistent angiogenesis are linked to pathological situations in the adult. Compounds able to modulate angiogenesis have a potential value for the treatment of such pathologies. Several small molecules present in the diet have been...

Increasingly, consumers are moving towards a more plant-based diet. However, some consumers are avoiding common plant proteins such as soy and gluten due to their potential allergenicity. Therefore, alternative protein sources are being explored as f...

Coliphage N4 is a representative species of the Schitoviridae family of bacteriophages. Originally structurally studied in 2008, the capsid structure was solved to 14 Å to reveal an interesting arrangement of Ig-like decoration proteins across...

Many proteins and protein segments cannot attain a single stable three-dimensional structure under physiological conditions; instead, they adopt multiple interconverting conformational states. Such intrinsically disordered proteins or protein segment...

Almost all modern proteins possess well-defined, relatively rigid scaffolds that provide structural preorganization for desired functions. Such scaffolds require the sufficient length of a polypeptide chain and extensive evolutionary optimization. Ho...

Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) antagonistically regulate many aspects of plant growth, including seed dormancy and germination. The effects of these hormones are mediated by a complex network of positive and negative regulators of tran...

Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are mostly derived from the energy-consuming enzyme families such as ATP-dependent RNA helicases, AAA-ATPases, GTPases and kinases, and are important structural components of the ribosome, which is a supramolecular ribonucleo...

Plants have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to tackle virus attack. Endogenous plant proteins can function as virus suppressors. Different types of proteins mediate defense responses against plant viruses. Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins a...

One of the commonly accepted approaches to estimate protein–protein interactions (PPI) in aqueous solutions is the analysis of their translational diffusion. The present review article observes a phenomenological approach to analyze PPI effects...

Proteins of uncharacterized functions form a large part of many of the currently available biological databases and this situation exists even in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Our analysis of recent PDB data revealed that only 42.53% of PDB entries (1...

Many pairwise additive force fields are in active use for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions (IDRs), some of which modify energetic terms to improve the description of IDPs/IDRs but are largely in disagreement with solution experime...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of secretory protein biogenesis. The ER quality control (QC) machinery, including chaperones, ensures the correct folding of secretory proteins. Mutant proteins and environmental stresses can overwhelm the a...

Among the realm of repeat containing proteins that commonly serve as “scaffolds” promoting protein-protein interactions, there is a family of proteins containing between 2 and 20 tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs), which are functional moti...

Protein is one of the major macronutrients essential in human nutrition. Protein sources especially animal sourced proteins are expensive, thus much work has been carried out to explore alternative protein sources. Seaweeds, or macroalgae, are emergi...

Heat shock proteins are named stress proteins or stress molecules due to their secretion being triggered by stress encountered by living beings. Although their primary documented role has been maintaining and regulating protein conformations to reduc...

The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in protein sorting, modification and trafficking within cells; its dysregulation has been implicated in various cancers including those affecting the GI tract. This review highlights two Golgi target proteins,...

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) outnumber proteins and are crucial to many fundamental processes; in consequence, PPIs are associated with several pathological conditions including neurodegeneration and modulating them by drugs constitutes...

Iron homeostasis is highly regulated in vertebrates through a regulatory system mediated by RNA-protein interactions between the iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) that interact with an iron responsive element (IRE) located in certain mRNAs, dubbed the...

Proteinopathy is characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of a specific protein in a target organ, tissue, or cell. The aggregation of the same protein can cause different pathologies as single protein can adopt various amyloidogenic, disease-...

Molecular chaperones were originally discovered as heat shock-induced proteins that facilitate proper folding of proteins with non-native conformations. While the function of chaperones in protein folding has been well documented over the last four d...

Tight junctions are complex supramolecular entities composed of integral membrane proteins, membrane-associated and soluble cytoplasmic proteins engaging in an intricate and dynamic system of protein–protein interactions. Three-dimensional stru...

Dual localization or dual targeting refers to the phenomenon by which identical, or almost identical, proteins are localized to two (or more) separate compartments of the cell. From previous work in the field, we had estimated that a third of the mit...

Many proteins in the cell fold cotranslationally within the restricted space of the polypeptide exit tunnel or at the surface of the ribosome. A growing body of evidence suggests that the ribosome can alter the folding trajectory in many different wa...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have a unique ability to survive in extreme acidic environments and to colonize the gastric mucosa. It can cause diverse gastric diseases such as peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MAL...

Photoaffinity labeling is a powerful technique for identifying a target protein. A high degree of labeling specificity can be achieved with this method in comparison to chemical labeling. Human serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) are t...

Reducing meat consumption reduces carbon emissions and other environmental harms. Unfortunately, commercial plant-based meat substitutes have not seen widespread adoption. In order to enable more flexible processing methods, this paper analyzes the c...

Adequate dietary protein is important for many aspects of health with current evidence suggesting that exercising individuals need greater amounts of protein. When assessing protein quality, animal sources of protein routinely rank amongst the highes...

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the active site prosthetic group found in numerous vitally important enzymes (Mo-enzymes), which predominantly catalyze 2 electron transfer reactions. Moco is synthesized by an evolutionary old and highly conserved m...

In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria host ancient essential bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways. LYR (leucine/tyrosine/arginine) motif proteins (LYRMs) of the Complex1_LYR-like superfamily interact with protein complexes of bacterial origin. Many LY...

The proteins of the BCL2 family are key players in multiple cellular processes, chief amongst them being the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and apoptotic cell death. These proteins establish an intricate interaction network that expands both t...

Protein–protein assemblies are highly prevalent in all living cells. Considerable evidence has recently accumulated suggesting that particularly transient association/dissociation of proteins represent an important means of regulation of metabolism....

Entropy should directly reflect the extent of disorder in proteins. By clustering structurally related proteins and studying the multiple-sequence-alignment of the sequences of these clusters, we were able to link between sequence, structure, and dis...

The interaction between viral membrane associate proteins and host cellular surface molecules should facilitate the attachment and entry of OsHV-1 into host cells. Thus, blocking the putative membrane proteins ORF25 and ORF72 of OsHV-1 with antibodie...

INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that interact with GRAS proteins, such as DELLA and SHORT ROOT (SHR), to regulate target genes. The combination of IDD and DELLA proteins regulates genes involved in gibbere...

Solution NMR spectroscopy is a unique and powerful technique that has the ability to directly connect the structural dynamics of proteins in physiological conditions to their activity and function. Here, we summarize recent studies in which solution...

Proper cellular function hinges on appropriate subcellular protein localization. When cellular proteins become mislocalized, they can accumulate, cause cellular damage, and disrupt many biochemical and cellular processes. Notably, mislocalized protei...

Nanoparticles from plant proteins are preferred over carbohydrates and synthetic polymeric-based materials for food, medical and other applications. In addition to their large availability and relatively low cost, plant proteins offer higher possibil...

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are widespread among higher plants of different taxonomic orders. In this study, we report on the RIP sequences found in the genome/transcriptome of several important Rosaceae species, including many economically...

Protein folding and structural biology are highly active disciplines that combine basic research in various fields, including biology, chemistry, physics, and computer science, with practical applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. However, t...

This review delves into the burgeoning field of seaweed proteins as promising alternative sources of protein. With global demand escalating and concerns over traditional protein sources’ sustainability and ethics, seaweed emerges as a viable solution...

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of stress-induced proteins involved in protein folding and maturation. Based on their molecular weight, Hsps can be divided into six families: small Hsps, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, and large Hsps. In the proce...

Metal ions play several major roles in proteins: structural, regulatory, and enzymatic. The binding of some metal ions increase stability of proteins or protein domains. Some metal ions can regulate various cell processes being first, second, or thir...

The NSs protein and the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of orthotospoviruses are the major targets for serological detection and diagnosis. A common epitope of KFTMHNQIF in the NSs proteins of Asia orthotospoviruses has been applied as an epitope tag (nss-...

Moonlighting proteins—single polypeptides performing multiple, often unrelated functions—are increasingly recognized as key players in human disease and microbial pathogenesis, making their identification crucial for understanding disease...