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Molecules
Volume 31
Issue 1
10.3390/molecules31010154
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Review

Key Dietary Flavonoids: Insights into Their Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Potential as Neuroprotective Agents

by
Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
1,2,*,
Rajesh Bisoyi
1,
Puja KC
1,
Nicholas Lutz
1 and
Mary Ruxsarash
1
1
Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
2
Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010154 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 14 November 2025 / Revised: 27 December 2025 / Accepted: 29 December 2025 / Published: 1 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Feature Papers in Natural Products Chemistry, 3rd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Among natural products, polyphenols have drawn special attention due to their antioxidant properties and inherent anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Within polyphenols, flavonoids are particularly important because of their availability in natural sources and promising research results in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The wide range of potential health benefits associated with these molecules has led to an increase in consumption, both as ingredients and extracts, in dietary supplements. Four types of flavonoids that have experienced significant attention are flavonols, flavones, anthocyanins, and flavan-3-ols, including proanthocyanidins. The increasing consumer awareness of the cognitive health benefits associated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these flavonoids has led to a rise in demand for these molecules in products that promote healthy aging. This review aims to provide an overview of these four types of flavonoids, focusing on their structure, antioxidant role, anti-inflammatory properties and potential neuroprotective effects, addressing key health priorities for consumers.
Keywords: flavonoids; flavonols; flavones; flavan-3-ols; proanthocyanidins; anthocyanins; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory effects; neuroprotection flavonoids; flavonols; flavones; flavan-3-ols; proanthocyanidins; anthocyanins; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory effects; neuroprotection

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MDPI and ACS Style

Navarro-Hoyos, M.; Bisoyi, R.; KC, P.; Lutz, N.; Ruxsarash, M. Key Dietary Flavonoids: Insights into Their Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Potential as Neuroprotective Agents. Molecules 2026, 31, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010154

AMA Style

Navarro-Hoyos M, Bisoyi R, KC P, Lutz N, Ruxsarash M. Key Dietary Flavonoids: Insights into Their Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Potential as Neuroprotective Agents. Molecules. 2026; 31(1):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Navarro-Hoyos, Mirtha, Rajesh Bisoyi, Puja KC, Nicholas Lutz, and Mary Ruxsarash. 2026. "Key Dietary Flavonoids: Insights into Their Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Potential as Neuroprotective Agents" Molecules 31, no. 1: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010154

APA Style

Navarro-Hoyos, M., Bisoyi, R., KC, P., Lutz, N., & Ruxsarash, M. (2026). Key Dietary Flavonoids: Insights into Their Structural Characteristics, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, and Potential as Neuroprotective Agents. Molecules, 31(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010154

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