From Traditional Ethnopharmacology to Modern Natural Drug Discovery: A Methodology Discussion and Specific Examples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Evolution of Natural-Product-Derived Drug Development
2.1. Traditional Ethnopharmacology and Ethnobotany
2.2. Pharmacological Testing
2.3. Prospecting
2.3.1. Bioprospecting
2.3.2. Mass Bioprospecting
2.4. Computational Chemistry
3. Conclusions
4. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drug | Description | Reference |
---|---|---|
Crizotinib | Crizotinib has been considered as a selective and potent cMet/ALK dual inhibitor, which was approved by FDA in 2011. Crizotinib has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy on c-MET gene amplification against lung cancer, lymphoma, and esophageal cancers. | [122,123] |
Axitinib | Axitinib was approved by the FDA as a new therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma to treat VEHG. Axitinib was developed with a structure-based drug design strategy and served as an inhibitor by binding to the VEGF kinase domain in the DFG-out conformation | [123,124,125] |
Grazoprevir | Grazoprevir is an NS3/4a protease inhibitor developed for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Grazoprevir successfully passed clinical trials and was approved in 2016 against hepatitis C. | [126] |
Betrixaban | Betrixaban was FDA approved in 2017 for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients hospitalized for an acute medical illness, who are at risk for thromboemboliccomplications due to moderate or severe restricted mobility. | [126] |
Vaborbactam | Vaborbactam was FDA approved in 2017 for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including a type of kidney infection, and pyelonephritis, caused by specific bacteria. | [126] |
Luminespib (NVP-AUY922) | HSP90 has become a promising target for cancer treatment. Luminespib (NVP-AUY922) has been proved to be a strong HSP90 inhibitor which is now in clinical trials. | [123] |
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Pirintsos, S.; Panagiotopoulos, A.; Bariotakis, M.; Daskalakis, V.; Lionis, C.; Sourvinos, G.; Karakasiliotis, I.; Kampa, M.; Castanas, E. From Traditional Ethnopharmacology to Modern Natural Drug Discovery: A Methodology Discussion and Specific Examples. Molecules 2022, 27, 4060. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134060
Pirintsos S, Panagiotopoulos A, Bariotakis M, Daskalakis V, Lionis C, Sourvinos G, Karakasiliotis I, Kampa M, Castanas E. From Traditional Ethnopharmacology to Modern Natural Drug Discovery: A Methodology Discussion and Specific Examples. Molecules. 2022; 27(13):4060. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134060
Chicago/Turabian StylePirintsos, Stergios, Athanasios Panagiotopoulos, Michalis Bariotakis, Vangelis Daskalakis, Christos Lionis, George Sourvinos, Ioannis Karakasiliotis, Marilena Kampa, and Elias Castanas. 2022. "From Traditional Ethnopharmacology to Modern Natural Drug Discovery: A Methodology Discussion and Specific Examples" Molecules 27, no. 13: 4060. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134060