Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Compounds, Iron and Copper of Wine Spirit Aged with Chestnut Staves under Different Levels of Micro-Oxygenation
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Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta de Almoinha, Pólo de Dois Portos, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal
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MED–Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de formação avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
3
Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
4
CEF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Adega Cooperativa da Lourinhã, Av. de Moçambique, 2530-111 Lourinhã, Portugal
8
Vivelys, Domaine du Chapître, 34750 Villeneuve-les-Maguelone, France
9
LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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CEFEMA-Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Ignacio Nevares and María Del Alamo-Sanza
Molecules 2020, 25(22), 5266; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225266
Received: 17 October 2020 / Revised: 8 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 / Published: 12 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alcoholic Beverages Aging Technologies)
Alternative technologies for a more sustainable wine spirits’ ageing have been studied but a lack of knowledge on the effect of oxygenation level remains. This work examined the behaviour of low molecular weight compounds, iron and copper of a wine spirit aged in 50 L demijohns with chestnut wood staves combined with three levels of micro-oxygenation or nitrogen. Compounds and mineral elements were quantified by HPLC and FAAS, respectively, in samples collected at 8, 21, 60, 180, 270 and 365 days of ageing. Results showed that most of the compounds underwent significant changes in their content over time and behave differently depending on the wine spirit’s oxygenation level: higher contents of gallic acid, syringic acid and vanillin were associated with lower micro-oxygenation level while higher contents of ellagic acid, syringaldehyde, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde resulted from higher one; lowest contents of these compounds were found in the nitrogen modality. Weak correlation between copper and the studied compounds was evidenced whereas closer relationship between iron, vanillin, gallic, syringic and ellagic acids at end of ageing was observed. This study provides innovative information on the role of oxygen in wine spirit’s ageing, and on chestnut wood effect on wine spirit’s mineral composition.
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Keywords:
phenolics; furanic aldehydes; iron; copper; wine spirit; ageing; micro-oxygenation; chestnut wood; heat maps
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Canas, S.; Danalache, F.; Anjos, O.; Fernandes, T.A.; Caldeira, I.; Santos, N.; Fargeton, L.; Boissier, B.; Catarino, S. Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Compounds, Iron and Copper of Wine Spirit Aged with Chestnut Staves under Different Levels of Micro-Oxygenation. Molecules 2020, 25, 5266.
AMA Style
Canas S, Danalache F, Anjos O, Fernandes TA, Caldeira I, Santos N, Fargeton L, Boissier B, Catarino S. Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Compounds, Iron and Copper of Wine Spirit Aged with Chestnut Staves under Different Levels of Micro-Oxygenation. Molecules. 2020; 25(22):5266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCanas, Sara; Danalache, Florina; Anjos, Ofélia; Fernandes, Tiago A.; Caldeira, Ilda; Santos, Nádia; Fargeton, Laurent; Boissier, Benjamin; Catarino, Sofia. 2020. "Behaviour of Low Molecular Weight Compounds, Iron and Copper of Wine Spirit Aged with Chestnut Staves under Different Levels of Micro-Oxygenation" Molecules 25, no. 22: 5266.
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