Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate Suppresses Human Ovarian Carcinoma OVCAR-3 Cells by Regulating the Checkpoint Kinase 2 and p27 kip1 Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. TF3 Preferentially Decreases the Viability of Human Ovarian Carcinoma (OVCAR-3) Cells
2.2. TF3 Activates Apoptosis in OVCAR-3 Cells
2.3. TF3 Mediates Aoptosis through Death Receptors and Chk2
2.4. TF3 Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in OVCAR-3 Cells via p27
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Cells and Reagents
3.2. Determination of Cell Viability
3.3. Hoechst 33342 Staining Assay
3.4. Determination of Caspase Activities
3.5. Determination of Cell Cycle Distribution
3.6. Western Blot
3.7. Transfection with Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate is available from the authors. |
TF3 (μM) | Cell Cycle Distribution (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
G0/G1 Phase | S Phase | G2/M Phase | |
0 | 60.48 ± 1.34 | 33.41 ± 0.72 | 6.12 ± 0.63 |
10 | 62.78 ± 1.14 | 31.42 ± 0.29 | 5.81 ± 1.43 |
15 | 65.12 ± 3.79 | 29.37 ± 4.37 | 5.52 ± 0.59 |
20 | 69.93 ± 2.68 * | 23.65 ± 1.99 * | 5.93 ± 1.37 |
siRNA | TF3 (μM) | Cell Cycle Distribution (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
G0/G1 Phase | S Phase | G2/M Phase | ||
Control | 0 | 62.37 ± 2.66 | 31.78 ± 1.13 | 6.01 ± 0.82 |
Control | 20 | 72.01 ± 3.42 * | 22.35 ± 2.16 * | 5.77 ± 0.60 |
p27 | 0 | 58.77 ± 2.21 | 34.07 ± 2.43 | 7.23 ± 1.79 |
p27 | 20 | 61.66 ± 3.59 | 33.84 ± 2.78 | 6.04 ± 1.41 |
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Gao, Y.; Yin, J.; Tu, Y.; Chen, Y.C. Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate Suppresses Human Ovarian Carcinoma OVCAR-3 Cells by Regulating the Checkpoint Kinase 2 and p27 kip1 Pathways. Molecules 2019, 24, 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040673
Gao Y, Yin J, Tu Y, Chen YC. Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate Suppresses Human Ovarian Carcinoma OVCAR-3 Cells by Regulating the Checkpoint Kinase 2 and p27 kip1 Pathways. Molecules. 2019; 24(4):673. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040673
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Ying, Junfeng Yin, Youying Tu, and Yi Charlie Chen. 2019. "Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate Suppresses Human Ovarian Carcinoma OVCAR-3 Cells by Regulating the Checkpoint Kinase 2 and p27 kip1 Pathways" Molecules 24, no. 4: 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040673