In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Crude Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of the Husk of Cocos nucifera
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
Isolate Identity | Inhibition zone (mm) / MIC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous extract | n-hexane extract | AMP | TET | |
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 | 11 / 0.625 | 12 / 5.0 | 28 | 27 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 19582 | - / ND | 13 / 1.25 | 22 | 25 |
Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 | 15 / 0.625 | 14 / 0.312 | 21 | 27 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 7700 | 16 / 2.5 | 18 / 2.5 | 15 | 20 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 | 22 / 1.25 | 15 / 2.5 | 21 | 30 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 | 13 / 1.25 | - / ND | 24 | 33 |
Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 | 20 / 1.25 | 16 / 1.25 | 24 | 35 |
Bacillus subtilis KZN | - / ND | 12 / 2.5 | 28 | 22 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa KZN | 16 / 2.5 | 18 / 0.625 | 28 | 36 |
Enterococcus faecalis KZN | 14 / 0.625 | 13 / 0.625 | 22 | 32 |
Escherichia coli KZN | 13 / 1.25 | 12 / 2.5 | 26 | 38 |
Staphylococcus aureus KZN | - / ND | - / ND | 27 | 36 |
Staphylococcus aureus OKOH1 | 14 / 2.5 | 14 / 0.625 | 23 | 34 |
Staphylococcus aureus OKOH2A | 13 / 2.5 | 16 / 2.5 | 19 | 28 |
Staphylococcus aureus OKOH2B | - / ND | 12 / 2.5 | 28 | 32 |
Staphylococcus aureus OKOH3 | - / ND | - / ND | 25 | 35 |
Micrococcus kristinae | - / ND | - / ND | 22 | 32 |
Serratia marscens ATCC 9986 | 15 / 0.625 | 16 / 1.25 | 25 | 27 |
A. calcaoceuticus anitratus CSIR | - / ND | 14 / 2.5 | 14 | 32 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae KZN | 15 / 0.625 | 12 / 0.625 | 14 | 21 |
Shigella flexineri KZN | - / ND | 15 /1.25 | 16 | 30 |
Salmonella specie KZN | 15 / 1.25 | 14 / 2.5 | 17 | 25 |
Staphylococcus epididirmis KZN | 18 / 0.625 | 12 / 0.625 | 17 | 18 |
Micrococcus luteus | 14 / 1.25 | 12 / 0.625 | 24 | 33 |
Isolate Identity | Inhibition zone (mm)/MIC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous Extract | n-hexane Extract | AMP | TET | |
Vibrio vulnificus EL047 | 17 / 0.625 | 18 / 0.625 | 25 | 18 |
Vibrio specie EL014 | 15 / 0.625 | - / ND | 26 | 16 |
Vibrio specie EL031 | 15 / 2.5 | 16 / 0.625 | 24 | 20 |
Vibrio metschnkovii EL003 | - / ND | 20 / 2.5 | 20 | 20 |
Vibrio specie EL006 | 16 / 1.25 | 15 / 2.5 | 16 | 20 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL049 | 14/0.625 | - / ND | 20 | 19 |
Vibrio specie EL027 | 13 / 1.25 | - / ND | 40 | 22 |
Vibrio specie EL052 | 16 / 1.25 | 17 / 1.25 | 15 | 32 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL007 | 16 / 2.5 | 18 / 0.625 | 15 | 29 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL051 | 13 / 0.625 | - / ND | 27 | 17 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL036 | 14 / 1.25 | 12 / 2.5 | 14 | 30 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL015 | - / ND | 15 / 1.25 | 16 | 18 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL017 | 15 / 2.5 | 16 / 0.625 | 17 | 18 |
Vibrio specie EL013 | 16 / 2.5 | 18 / 2.5 | 28 | 17 |
Vibrio metschnkovii EL028 | 18 / 1.25 | 14 / 1.25 | 22 | 16 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL039 | /0.625 | - / ND | 30 | 21 |
Vibrio metschnkovii EL008 | 14 / 0.625 | 12 / 1.25 | 19 | 28 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL035 | 13 / 1.25 | 12 / 0.625 | 12 | 26 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL002 | - / ND | 12 / 1.25 | 15 | 30 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL005 | 16 / 0.625 | 18 / 0.625 | 13 | 15 |
Vibrio specie EL021 | 16 / 2.5 | 20 / 2.5 | 20 | 29 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL018 | - / ND | 21 / 2.5 | 21 | 20 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL043 | 10 / 0.625 | - / ND | 12 | 18 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL045 | 18 / 1.25 | 12 / 1.25 | 15 | 28 |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus AL045 | 14 / 1.25 | 15 / 1.25 | 16 | 18 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL040 | 12 / 2.5 | 16 / 0.625 | 20 | 16 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL012 | 14 / 1.25 | 12 / 2.5 | 19 | 17 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL034 | - / ND | 14 / 0.625 | 12 | 18 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL044 | 15 / 2.5 | 18 / 2.5 | 16 | 16 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL053 | - / ND | 16 / 2.5 | 12 | 40 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL042 | 18 / 1.25 | 18 / 1.25 | 26 | 40 |
Vibrio fluvialis EL041 | 15 / 0.625 | 18 / 0.625 | 28 | 40 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL048 | 15 / 0.625 | 21 / 0.625 | 21 | 34 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL050 | 16 / 2.5 | 18 / 0.625 | 22 | 35 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL010 | 13 / 0.625 | 15 / 1.25 | 21 | 35 |
Vibrio specie EL009 | 13 / 5.0 | 17 / 2.5 | 20 | 21 |
Vibrio specie AL046 | 13 / 2.5 | 13 / 2.5 | 22 | 20 |
Vibrio specie EL054 | 15 / 1.25 | 13 / 1.25 | 22 | 40 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL036 | 13 / 1.25 | 16 / 1.25 | 24 | 38 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL039 | 14 / 2.5 | 18 / 0.625 | 24 | 26 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL033 | - / ND | 14 / 0.625 | 13 | 18 |
V. fluvialis AL019 | 14 / 1.25 | 12 / 2.5 | 12 | 29 |
V. fluvialis EL032 | 18 / 1.25 | 18 / 0.625 | 30 | 32 |
Susceptible isolate | Aqueous extract | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIC (mg/mL) | Log10 Kill (MIC) | Log10 Kill (2*MIC) | |||
4 h | 8 h | 4 h | 8 h | ||
Vibrio metschnkovii EL008 | 0.625 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
Vibrio specie EL009 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
Vibrio vulnificus EL039 | 0.625 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 4.2* |
Vibrio fluvialis EL041 | 0.625 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 3.4* |
Escherichia coli ATCC8739 | 0.625 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.92 |
Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 | 0.625 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 1.24 | 1.48 |
Acinetobacter calcaoceticus anitratus CSIR. | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Bacillus substilis∞ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Shigella flexineri∞ | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Staphylococcus aureus | 0.625 | 1.40 | 1.62 | 2.21 | 3.46* |
n-hexane extract | |||||
Vibrio metschnkovii EL008 | 1.25 | 3.0* | 3.4* | 2.8 | 3.2* |
Vibrio specie EL009 | 2.5 | 3.4* | 3.8* | 4.0* | 4.2* |
Vibrio vulnificus EL039 | 0.625 | 3.2* | 4.0* | 4.2* | 4.2* |
Vibrio fluvialis EL041 | 0.625 | 4.0* | 4.6* | 4.2* | 5.0* |
Escherichia coli ATCC8739 | 5.0 | 3.5* | 5.6* | 5.6* | 5.6* |
Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 | 0.312 | 1.02 | 1.28 | 1.22 | 2.46 |
Acinetobacter calcaoceticus anitratus CSIR. | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 4.2* | 4.2* |
Bacillus substilis∞ | 2.5 | 0.56 | 4.22* | 2.84 | 6.40* |
Shigella flexineri∞ | 1.25 | 4.2* | 4.3* | 4.3* | 4.3* |
Staphylococcus aureus | 1.25 | 1.20 | 2.40 | 2.04 | 3.40* |
3. Experimental
3.1. Plant material
3.2. Preparation of extracts
3.3. Test bacterial strains
3.4. Antibacterial susceptibility test
3.5. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
3.6. Time-kill assay
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
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Akinyele, T.A.; Okoh, O.O.; Akinpelu, D.A.; Okoh, A.I. In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Crude Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of the Husk of Cocos nucifera. Molecules 2011, 16, 2135-2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16032135
Akinyele TA, Okoh OO, Akinpelu DA, Okoh AI. In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Crude Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of the Husk of Cocos nucifera. Molecules. 2011; 16(3):2135-2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16032135
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkinyele, Taiwo Adesola, Omobola Oluranti Okoh, David Ayinde Akinpelu, and Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh. 2011. "In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Crude Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of the Husk of Cocos nucifera" Molecules 16, no. 3: 2135-2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16032135
APA StyleAkinyele, T. A., Okoh, O. O., Akinpelu, D. A., & Okoh, A. I. (2011). In-Vitro Antibacterial Properties of Crude Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of the Husk of Cocos nucifera. Molecules, 16(3), 2135-2145. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16032135