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21 pages, 13176 KB  
Article
Deep-Sea Dilemmas: Evaluation of Public Perceptions of Deep-Sea Mineral Mining and Future of Sri Lanka’s Blue Economy
by Nethini Ganepola, Menuka Udugama, Lahiru Udayanga and Sudarsha De Silva
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010440 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Seabed mining has gained widespread attention under the blue economy concept, offering economic opportunities while posing significant environmental risks. In Sri Lanka, where mining of seabed resources is growing, understanding public perceptions and preferences for seabed conservation remain crucial to ensure sustainable resource [...] Read more.
Seabed mining has gained widespread attention under the blue economy concept, offering economic opportunities while posing significant environmental risks. In Sri Lanka, where mining of seabed resources is growing, understanding public perceptions and preferences for seabed conservation remain crucial to ensure sustainable resource management. This study, therefore, represents the first empirical assessment of public preference and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for seabed conservation in Sri Lanka. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE)-based approach was employed to assess public preferences for seabed conservation. Data were collected from 630 respondents across Sri Lanka using a pre-tested self-administered structured survey. The analysis employed Conditional Logit (CL) and Random Parameter Logit (RPL) models to estimate preference heterogeneity and attribute trade-offs. The findings of the study reported strong public support, with a WTP of Sri Lankan Rupees (LKR) 3532 per household per year for seabed conservation. Younger, well-educated individuals demonstrated a significantly higher preference for seabed conservation. Biodiversity loss (66.9%), physical damage to seabed (40.7%) and exploitation of natural resources (17.8%) were recognized as major consequences of sea bed mining, highlighting the need for stringent regulatory frameworks (34%) and public engagement (44%) in sustainable seabed conservation. The RPL model revealed significant preference heterogeneity for key attributes. A significant positive preference for a 30% reduction in mineral extraction (coefficient = 0.894, p < 0.05) reinforces public preference for stricter extraction limits. A 25% reduction for biodiversity and habitat destruction (coefficient = 0.010, p < 0.05) reflects public concern for seabed conservation in the context of ongoing marine resource related economic development activities. These results underscore the importance of integrating economic valuation into seabed conservation policies, ensuring that seabed mining activities align with sustainability goals. The study suggests targeted awareness campaigns, financial incentives, and inclusive policymaking to bridge socio-economic disparities and foster long-term public support for seabed conservation. These insights provide a critical foundation for policymakers to develop balanced approaches that promote economic benefits, while safeguarding marine ecosystems within Sri Lanka’s blue economy framework. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marketing and Sustainability in the Blue Economy)
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16 pages, 1320 KB  
Article
FALW-YOLOv8: A Lightweight Model for Detecting Pipeline Defects
by Huazhong Wang, Xuetao Wang and Lihua Sun
Electronics 2026, 15(1), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010209 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Pipelines are critical infrastructures in both industrial production and daily life. However, defects frequently arise due to environmental and manufacturing factors, which may lead to severe safety risks. To overcome the limitations of traditional object detection methods, such as inefficient feature extraction and [...] Read more.
Pipelines are critical infrastructures in both industrial production and daily life. However, defects frequently arise due to environmental and manufacturing factors, which may lead to severe safety risks. To overcome the limitations of traditional object detection methods, such as inefficient feature extraction and the loss of critical information, this paper proposes an improved algorithm, termed FALW-YOLOv8, built upon the YOLOv8 architecture. Specifically, the FasterBlock is incorporated into the C2f module to replace standard convolutional layers, effectively reducing computational redundancy while improving feature extraction efficiency. In addition, the ADown module is employed to enhance multi-scale feature preservation, while the LSKA attention mechanism is introduced to improve detection accuracy, particularly for small defects. The Wise-IoU v2 loss function is further adopted to refine bounding box regression for complex samples. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed FALW-YOLOv8 achieves a 5.8% improvement in mAP50, along with a 34.8% reduction in model parameters and a 30.86% decrease in computational cost. These results indicate that the proposed method achieves a favorable balance between accuracy and efficiency, making it well-suited for real-time industrial pipeline inspection applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Machine Learning, Pattern Recognition, and Deep Learning Technologies: Methodologies and Applications, 2nd Edition)
16 pages, 2290 KB  
Article
Flavin Fixing in Old Yellow Enzyme from Thermus scotoductus: A Comparative Study of the Wild-Type Enzyme and Covalently Flavinylated Mutants
by Alfi T. Fathurahman and Marco W. Fraaije
Catalysts 2026, 16(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16010042 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Ene reductases, belonging to the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family, are widely used for biocatalysis. The OYE from Thermus scotoductus SA-01 (TsOYE) gained great attention due to its broad substrate scope, high stereoselectivity, thermostability, and catalytic versatility. Recently, the otherwise noncovalently [...] Read more.
Ene reductases, belonging to the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family, are widely used for biocatalysis. The OYE from Thermus scotoductus SA-01 (TsOYE) gained great attention due to its broad substrate scope, high stereoselectivity, thermostability, and catalytic versatility. Recently, the otherwise noncovalently bound flavin cofactor (FMN) was covalently anchored in several TsOYE mutants using the “flavin-fixing” method. However, the biochemical properties of these mutants remained unexplored. A detailed comparative study of wild-type (WT) TsOYE and the flavin-fixing variant F1 (F1 TsOYE) revealed that F1 TsOYE has a lower stability and poorer catalytic activity. Interestingly, both WT and F1 TsOYE have comparable redox potential values. These results suggest that the decrease in activity and stability is primarily caused by changes in structure and structural dynamics induced by the mutations and the covalent flavin-protein linkage. Replacing residues in the flavinylation recognition site did not result in significant repair of enzyme activity. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of TsOYE activity to covalent FMN incorporation and its associated mutations and underscore the necessity of structural insights for further rational design. This study also provides critical groundwork for optimizing the flavin-fixing strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) in the Section "Biocatalysis")
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15 pages, 2095 KB  
Article
Modeling SnC-Anode Material for Hybrid Li, Na, Be, Mg Ion-Batteries: Structural and Electronic Analysis by Mastering the Density of States
by Fatemeh Mollaamin and Majid Monajjemi
Electron. Mater. 2026, 7(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat7010002 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
The increasing demand for next-generation rechargeable batteries that offer high energy density, a long lifespan, high safety, and low cost has led to a need for better electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This also involves developing alternative storage systems using common resources such [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for next-generation rechargeable batteries that offer high energy density, a long lifespan, high safety, and low cost has led to a need for better electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This also involves developing alternative storage systems using common resources such as sodium-ion batteries, beryllium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries. Tin carbide (SnC) is highly promising as an anode material for lithium, sodium, beryllium, and magnesium ion batteries due to its ability to form nanoclusters like Sn(Li2)C, Sn(Na2)C, Sn(Be2)C, and Sn(Mg2)C. A detailed study was done using computational methods, including analysis of charge density differences, total density of states, and electron localization function for these hybrid clusters. This research suggests that SnC could be useful in multivalent-ion batteries using Be2+ ions because its properties can match or even exceed those of monovalent ions. The study also shows that the maximum capacity, stability energy, and ion movement in these materials can be understood by looking at atomic-level properties like the coordination between host atoms and ions. Recent findings on using tin carbide in these types of batteries and methods to improve their performance have been discussed. Full article
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12 pages, 985 KB  
Article
Analysis of 2.0 and 3.5 mm Cortical Bone Screw Dimensions
by William T. McCartney, Ciprian Ober, Bryan J. Mac Donald and Christos Yiapanis
Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13010038 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Investigation and quality assessment of veterinary orthopaedic implants are seldom undertaken, despite their critical role in clinical outcomes. Dimensional accuracy is particularly important for screw–bone interface stability. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional consistency of commonly used veterinary bone screws. Sixty unused [...] Read more.
Investigation and quality assessment of veterinary orthopaedic implants are seldom undertaken, despite their critical role in clinical outcomes. Dimensional accuracy is particularly important for screw–bone interface stability. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional consistency of commonly used veterinary bone screws. Sixty unused stainless steel cortical screws (2.0 mm and 3.5 mm) were randomly selected from larger batches. Each screw was examined microscopically, and six measurements were obtained from three distinct regions along the screw length. Major (outer) diameter and pitch were recorded and compared against standard tolerance ranges. For 2.0 mm screws, 28.6% of major diameter and 75% of pitch measurements were outside the tolerance range. For 3.5 mm screws, only 56% (major diameter) and 26% (pitch) of measurements fell within tolerance. With the exception of the major diameter of the 2.0 mm screws, most screws exhibited dimensional variation along their length. This study demonstrates considerable variability in screw dimensions within and between individual screws of the same classification. While tolerance ranges are expected between different screws, dimensional uniformity is essential along the length of a single screw. The observed variability indicates suboptimal manufacturing quality, which may compromise screw–bone interface integrity and clinical performance. These findings highlight the need for improved quality control in the production of veterinary orthopaedic implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Surgery)
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25 pages, 2505 KB  
Review
Quality by Design for the Nanoformulation of Cosmeceuticals
by Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Elizabeth Piñón-Segundo, Zaida Urban-Morlan, Nancy E. Magaña-Vergara, David Quintanar-Guerrero, Betzabeth Jaime-Escalante and Néstor Mendoza-Muñoz
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18010062 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic formulations that are intended to alleviate skin conditions that affect its appearance and functionality. They are not considered medications but contain molecules that exert biological action on the skin beyond traditional cosmetic actions. Sometimes, the bioactives used have limitations for [...] Read more.
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic formulations that are intended to alleviate skin conditions that affect its appearance and functionality. They are not considered medications but contain molecules that exert biological action on the skin beyond traditional cosmetic actions. Sometimes, the bioactives used have limitations for transdermal passage, and it has been suggested that the use of nanocarriers can increase the effectiveness of cosmeceutical products. The degree of sophistication of nanocosmeceuticals requires that safety and efficacy aspects be verified before going on the market. In this regard, the application of the Quality by Design (QbD) approach during product development ensures that products meet the consumer needs in full. This review analyzes the implementation of QbD in the development of nanocosmeceuticals, considering the main characteristics of the most used bioactive groups and nanocarriers that have proven to be ideal vehicles for topical and transdermal applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Controlled Delivery of Cosmeceuticals Using Nanotechnology)
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36 pages, 3049 KB  
Systematic Review
Sarcopenia as a Multisystem Disorder—Connections with Neural and Cardiovascular Systems—A Related PRISMA Systematic Literature Review
by Cristina Popescu, Sorina-Maria Aurelian, Andrada Mirea, Constantin Munteanu, Andreea-Iulia Vlădulescu-Trandafir, Aurelian Anghelescu, Corina Oancea, Ioana Andone, Aura Spînu, Andreea-Valentina Suciu, Simona-Isabelle Stoica, Sandra-Monica Gîdei, Valeria-Mădălina Alecu, Costina-Daniela Gîță, Nadina-Liana Pop, Vlad Ciobanu and Gelu Onose
Life 2026, 16(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010068 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia, which has traditionally been considered to be an exclusively geriatric syndrome, has an increased frequency within the general population and fosters interest in its complex neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic basis. The current systematic review, adopting the recognized Preferred Reporting Items for [...] Read more.
Background: Sarcopenia, which has traditionally been considered to be an exclusively geriatric syndrome, has an increased frequency within the general population and fosters interest in its complex neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic basis. The current systematic review, adopting the recognized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) methodology, seeks to highlight current evidence on the underlying mechanisms as well as approaches to sarcopenia diagnosis and management. Methods: A comprehensive search of major international databases identified studies published between January 2023 and December 2024, from which 42 articles were retained according to prespecified criteria. To further enrich the present work, eleven additional studies of high relevance were included. Results: The selected literature describes sarcopenia’s multifactorial pathophysiology, including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) degeneration, chronic inflammation, anabolic resistance, endocrine and metabolic dysregulation, altered motor-unit remodeling, and molecular alterations. Diagnostic methods focus on functional assessments, especially muscle strength and physical performance. In addition, imaging techniques and new circulating biomarkers enhance precision in specific situations. Over the years, rehabilitation has proven to be one of the most effective therapeutic approaches. Complementary strategies, ranging from nutritional optimization to pharmacologic modulation of the renin–angiotensin system, show promise in specific patient subsets. Discussion and Conclusions: As supported by the works collected within the current study, future approaches will need to consider sarcopenia as a multifactorial disease that goes beyond aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Diseases: Prevention, Diagnostics, Treatment and Rehabilitation)
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23 pages, 2690 KB  
Article
Integrating Surveillance and Stakeholder Insights to Predict Influenza Epidemics: A Bayesian Network Study in Queensland, Australia
by Oz Sahin, Hai Phung, Andrea Standke, Mohana Rajmokan, Alex Raulli, Amy York and Patricia Lee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010069 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Seasonal influenza continues to pose a substantial and recurrent public health challenge in Queensland, driven by annual variability in transmission and uncertainty in climatic, demographic, and behavioural determinants. Predictive modelling is constrained by data limitations and parameter uncertainty. In response, this study developed [...] Read more.
Seasonal influenza continues to pose a substantial and recurrent public health challenge in Queensland, driven by annual variability in transmission and uncertainty in climatic, demographic, and behavioural determinants. Predictive modelling is constrained by data limitations and parameter uncertainty. In response, this study developed a Bayesian network (BN) model to estimate the probability of influenza epidemics in Queensland, Australia. The model integrated diverse inputs, including international and local influenza surveillance data, demographic health statistics, and expert and stakeholder insights to capture the complex multifactorial causal relationships underlying epidemic risk. Scenario-based simulations revealed that Southeast Asian viral origin, severe global influenza seasons, peak season timing, increasing international travel, absence of control measures, and low immunisation rates substantially elevate the likelihood of influenza epidemics. Southeast Queensland was identified as particularly vulnerable under high-risk conditions. Model evaluation demonstrated good discriminative performance (AUC = 0.6974, accuracy = 70%) with appropriate uncertainty quantification through credible intervals and sensitivity analysis. Its modular design and capacity for integrating various data sources make it a practical decision-making support tool for public health preparedness and responding to evolving climatic and epidemiological conditions. Full article
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45 pages, 10369 KB  
Article
Evaluation and Prediction of Stock Market Crash Risk in Mexico Using Log-Periodic Power-Law Modeling
by Suryansh Sunil, Amit Kumar Goyal, Rajesh Mahadeva and Varun Sarda
Risks 2026, 14(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14010003 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
This study applies the Log-Periodic Power-Law (LPPL) framework to three major equity markets—Mexico (IPC), Brazil (IBOVESPA), and the United States (NYSE Composite)—using daily closes from 8 November 1991–30 January 2025 for IPC and NYSE, and 3 May 1993–30 January 2025 for IBOVESPA. Multi-window [...] Read more.
This study applies the Log-Periodic Power-Law (LPPL) framework to three major equity markets—Mexico (IPC), Brazil (IBOVESPA), and the United States (NYSE Composite)—using daily closes from 8 November 1991–30 January 2025 for IPC and NYSE, and 3 May 1993–30 January 2025 for IBOVESPA. Multi-window calibrations (Lϵ 180, 240, 300, 360, 420) are estimated in raw and log space to evaluate bubble signatures and the stability of the critical time tc. Across all indices, log-space fits consistently outperform raw fits in terms of RMSE and R2, and longer windows reduce parameter variability, yielding coherent clusters of tc. Under full-sample conditions, the LPPL structure points to March–April 2025 for NYSE, mid-October 2025 for IBOVESPA, and October–December 2025 for IPC, while shorter windows pull tc forward. A rolling early-warning ensemble translates these estimates into lead-based risk bands, with numerical reporting used when median leads fall just outside the 60-trading-day decision horizon. The early-2025 weakening in the U.S. market is consistent with the NYSE cluster, whereas Brazil and Mexico remain within their projected windows as of September 2025. The analysis highlights the strengths of LPPL—behavioral interpretability and hazard-based framing—while noting limitations such as window sensitivity and parameter sloppiness, reinforcing the need for conservative communication and the use of longer-window weighting in practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stochastic Modelling in Financial Mathematics, 2nd Edition)
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49 pages, 2794 KB  
Review
Harnessing Dietary Tryptophan: Bridging the Gap Between Neurobiology and Psychiatry in Depression Management
by Amanda Chabrour Chehadi, Enzo Pereira de Lima, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Rafael Santos de Argollo Haber, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Vitor Engracia Valenti, Cristiano Machado Galhardi, Masaru Tanaka and Sandra Maria Barbalho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010465 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Major depressive disorder remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, with conventional antidepressants offering incomplete and often transient relief. Mounting evidence highlights disturbances in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism as a key biological axis linking inflammation, neuroplasticity, and mood regulation. Plant-derived compounds that modulate this [...] Read more.
Major depressive disorder remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, with conventional antidepressants offering incomplete and often transient relief. Mounting evidence highlights disturbances in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism as a key biological axis linking inflammation, neuroplasticity, and mood regulation. Plant-derived compounds that modulate this pathway, including 5-hydroxytryptophan, isoflavones, berberine, and polyphenols, have emerged as promising candidates for integrative treatment strategies. Yet, despite encouraging preclinical and clinical findings, knowledge gaps persist regarding long-term efficacy, mechanistic specificity, and standardized therapeutic protocols. This narrative review explores how Trp modulators influence central and peripheral mechanisms relevant to depression, from serotonergic synthesis and kynurenine shunting to gut–brain–immune interactions. Evidence from animal models and randomized clinical trials is critically synthesized, with particular attention to outcomes on mood stabilization, anxiety reduction, cognitive function, and sleep regulation. Special emphasis is placed on translational potential, methodological limitations, and the need for harmonized research frameworks. Here we highlight that phytochemical interventions represent a mechanistically informed and biocompatible strategy for advancing depression management. By bridging neurobiology and clinical psychiatry, these insights may pave the way for next-generation therapeutics that integrate dietary, microbiota-targeted, and anti-inflammatory approaches. Broader application of this research could ultimately refine personalized psychiatry, expand therapeutic horizons, and contribute to global mental health resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Tryptophan Metabolism)
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19 pages, 443 KB  
Article
Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Different Olive Grove Systems in Southern Portugal
by Rachel Hermeto de Pádua Souza, Rui Fragoso, Carlos Marques, Giacomo Falcone and Anna Irene De Luca
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010430 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Olive grove production systems in Portugal have undergone major changes, with both high-density and super-high-density systems being implemented. Despite their higher productivity, they raise questions about their environmental impacts. Thus, this article aims to assess the environmental impacts of six olive grove systems [...] Read more.
Olive grove production systems in Portugal have undergone major changes, with both high-density and super-high-density systems being implemented. Despite their higher productivity, they raise questions about their environmental impacts. Thus, this article aims to assess the environmental impacts of six olive grove systems in the Alentejo region, under different technological solutions, using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Five impact categories were selected, using the hectare as the functional unit. Super-high-density systems that use a high level of inputs, mechanical harvesting, and irrigation have the highest environmental impacts for all impact categories, while traditional systems showed the lowest results in terms of environmental impacts. The greatest environmental impacts in olive production occur in the agricultural phase, and our results corroborate the literature results showing that the greatest damage is due to fertilization operations. In addition, this study provides a better understanding of the environmental impacts of olive grove production in the Portuguese context, as well as in the Mediterranean area, and the results allowed us to identify the most sustainable technological solutions. These are related to management strategies that promote the equalization of impacts for each type of production system, considering the necessary agricultural practices and ways of acting to mitigate these impacts. Adopting sustainable technological solutions can become a strategy for agriculture focused on environmental recovery rather than degradation, ensuring the availability of resources for future generations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Environmental Science in Sustainable Agriculture)
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15 pages, 4148 KB  
Article
Self-Build Practices on University Campus: Socio-Psychological Effects on Care and Intention to Spend Time in Outdoor Spaces
by Andrea Manunza, Alessandro Lorenzo Mura, Marco Lauriola, Emanuel Muroni, Silvana Mula, Giulia Giliberto, Donatella Pirina, Ferdinando Fornara and Oriana Mosca
Urban Sci. 2026, 10(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10010023 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of a self-built architectural intervention implemented in three areas, two intervention sites and one control site of a university campus, focusing on how such interventions can influence the use and care of open spaces. Surveys were administered before [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of a self-built architectural intervention implemented in three areas, two intervention sites and one control site of a university campus, focusing on how such interventions can influence the use and care of open spaces. Surveys were administered before and after the intervention to a purposive sample of 54 habitual campus users, recruited through peer referrals and contacted via informal channels such as in-person interactions, phone calls, and shared student groups. The surveys were completed anonymously using Google Forms. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models to evaluate changes over time, across sites, and time x site interaction. Results showed a significant increase over time in participants’ intention to care for the whole campus. Intentions to spend time in outdoor areas varied significantly across sites but did not change over time, and no time × site interaction was detected, indicating that observed changes were not confined to intervention sites. These findings highlight the potential of user-centered design interventions to enhance the quality, accessibility, and usability of open areas by providing empirical insights relevant to urban planning and the management of public spaces. Overall, this research suggests that self-build initiatives within university campuses can serve as scalable models for fostering sustainable urban environments, promoting citizen engagement, and improving urban well-being. Full article
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13 pages, 221 KB  
Article
Individual and Cumulative Health and Lifestyle Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: Evidence from NHANES
by Chaowalit Srisoem, Mia Haddad, Jittima Panyasarawut and Ling Shi
Geriatrics 2026, 11(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics11010005 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Depression in older adults is a multifactorial condition influenced by health status, functional capacity, and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined associations of these factors with late-life depression. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition [...] Read more.
Background: Depression in older adults is a multifactorial condition influenced by health status, functional capacity, and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined associations of these factors with late-life depression. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study evaluated the associations of general health, chronic conditions, functioning, and lifestyle behaviors (including physical activity, sleep, diet quality, smoking, and alcohol use) with depressive symptoms among U.S. adults 65 years and older. Weighted logistic regression models, accounting for the complex survey design of NHANES, were used to examine the factors both individually and in combination. Results: Depressive symptoms were more prevalent among individuals with poor self-rated health, physical and cognitive functional limitations, hypertension, obesity, current smoking, physical inactivity, and alcohol abstinence. A clear cumulative risk gradient was observed with increasing numbers of risk factors: older adults with six or more risk factors had at least 20-fold higher likelihood of depressive symptoms compared with those with one or no risk factors. Conclusions: These findings highlight the interdependent influences of health, function, and lifestyle on late-life depressive symptoms and underscore the need for integrative prevention and intervention strategies to promote mental well-being in aging populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychology)
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33 pages, 5865 KB  
Article
Feature Selection and Fault Detection Under Dynamic Conditions of Chiller Systems
by Yashar Bezyan, Fuzhan Nasiri and Mazdak Nik-Bakht
Electronics 2026, 15(1), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15010208 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Faults in chiller systems can significantly reduce energy efficiency and operational performance. To address this, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) algorithms are increasingly integrated into building management systems (BMS). This study proposes a comprehensive FDD framework addressing two key aspects: (1) fault detection [...] Read more.
Faults in chiller systems can significantly reduce energy efficiency and operational performance. To address this, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) algorithms are increasingly integrated into building management systems (BMS). This study proposes a comprehensive FDD framework addressing two key aspects: (1) fault detection under dynamic operating conditions and (2) selection of key variables for unsupervised fault detection. Traditional approaches usually assume steady-state operation, limiting their ability to capture transient and nonlinear system behaviors. The proposed method integrates Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) for noise reduction and signal denoising with Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) to capture nonlinear behavior in chiller systems. This combination enables accurate fault detection under both steady and transient conditions. Furthermore, a wrapper-based step-forward feature selection algorithm identifies the most informative variables for KPCA-based fault detection. Assuming at least one known fault type, the method minimizes the Missing Alarm Rate (MAR) and False Alarm Rate (FAR), enhancing adaptability to different sensor configurations. The proposed approach is validated on the ASHRAE RP-1043 dataset using first-level severity faults. Results show that the VMD-KPCA method detects 98% of faulty samples, significantly outperforming linear PCA (55%), and highlight the importance of vapor compression parameters and thermodynamic insights in improving fault detection reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fault and Error Detection Techniques Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence)
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24 pages, 7238 KB  
Article
Structural-Functional Suitability Assessment of Yangtze River Waterfront in the Yichang Section: A Three-Zone Spatial and POI-Based Approach
by Xiaofen Li, Fan Qiu, Kai Li, Yichen Jia, Junnan Xia and Jiawuhaier Aishanjian
Land 2026, 15(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010091 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a crucial driver of China’s economy, and its shoreline is a strategic, finite resource vital for ecological security, flood control, navigation, and socioeconomic development. However, intensive development has resulted in functional conflicts and ecological degradation, underscoring the [...] Read more.
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is a crucial driver of China’s economy, and its shoreline is a strategic, finite resource vital for ecological security, flood control, navigation, and socioeconomic development. However, intensive development has resulted in functional conflicts and ecological degradation, underscoring the need for accurate identification and suitability assessment of shoreline functions. Conventional methods, which predominantly rely on land use data and remote sensing imagery, are often limited in their ability to capture dynamic changes in large river systems. This study introduces an integrated framework combining macro-level “Three-Zone Space” (urban, agricultural, ecological) theory with micro-level Point of Interest (POI) data to rapidly identify shoreline functions along the Yichang section of the Yangtze River. We further developed a multi-criteria evaluation system incorporating ecological, production, developmental, and risk constraints, utilizing a combined AHP-Entropy weight method to assess suitability. The results reveal a clear upstream-downstream gradient: ecological functions dominate upstream, while agricultural and urban functions increase downstream. POI data enabled refined classification into five functional types, revealing that ecological conservation shorelines are extensively distributed upstream, port and urban development shorelines concentrate in downstream nodal zones, and agricultural production shorelines are widespread yet exhibit a spatial mismatch with suitability scores. The comprehensive evaluation identified high-suitability units, primarily in downstream urban cores with superior development conditions and lower risks, whereas low-suitability units are constrained by high geological hazards and poor infrastructure. These findings provide a scientific basis for differentiated shoreline management strategies. The proposed framework offers a transferable approach for the sustainable planning of major river corridors, offering insights applicable to similar contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development and Urban Land Use Efficiency: Strategies for Effective Land Management)
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12 pages, 4955 KB  
Article
A Novel Approach to Friction Extrusion of Aluminum Alloy 2024
by Alexander Eliseev and Olga Novitskaya
Alloys 2026, 5(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys5010002 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Friction extrusion technology was first developed and patented in 1991 at The Welding Institute, but it remained largely unexplored for many years. Over the past decade, this technology has gained popularity due to its ability to recycle chips and produce composite materials. Typically, [...] Read more.
Friction extrusion technology was first developed and patented in 1991 at The Welding Institute, but it remained largely unexplored for many years. Over the past decade, this technology has gained popularity due to its ability to recycle chips and produce composite materials. Typically, in friction extrusion, the applied force and extrusion direction are opposite; this configuration is commonly referred to as reverse extrusion. Additionally, the tool feed rate is often used as a control parameter. However, this approach introduces technological challenges and results in a heterogeneous product structure. This paper proposes a novel friction extrusion method in which the applied force and extrusion direction are co-directional, and no tool is used. Moreover, a constant load is maintained throughout the extrusion process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is feasible and enables wire extrusion without macroscopic defects. Although the current efficiency is low and the maximum sample size achieved is 45 mm, the cross-sectional microhardness of the samples remains stable. The material strength reached approximately 90% of that of the initial 2024 aluminum alloy. Full article
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30 pages, 2733 KB  
Article
Symmetry-Aware Simulation and Experimental Study of Thin-Wall AA7075 End Milling: From Tooth-Order Force Symmetry to Symmetry-Breaking Dynamic Response and Residual Stress
by Dongpeng Shu and S. S. A. Shah
Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010074 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Symmetry and asymmetry jointly govern the dynamics and surface integrity of thin-wall AA7075 end milling. In this work, a symmetry-aware simulation and experimental framework is developed to connect process parameters with milling forces, dynamic response, surface quality, and through-thickness residual stress. A mechanistic [...] Read more.
Symmetry and asymmetry jointly govern the dynamics and surface integrity of thin-wall AA7075 end milling. In this work, a symmetry-aware simulation and experimental framework is developed to connect process parameters with milling forces, dynamic response, surface quality, and through-thickness residual stress. A mechanistic milling-force model is first established for multi-tooth end milling, where the periodically repeated tooth-order excitation provides a nominally symmetric load pattern along the tool path. The predicted forces are then used as input for finite-element modal and harmonic-response analysis of a thin-walled component, revealing how symmetric and anti-symmetric mode shapes interact with the tooth-order excitation to generate locally amplified, asymmetric vibration of the compliant wall. Orthogonal and single-factor milling experiments on AA7075 thin-wall specimens are performed to calibrate and validate the force model, and to quantify the influence of feed per tooth, axial depth of cut, spindle speed, and radial width of cut on deformation, surface roughness, and geometric accuracy. Finally, a thermo-mechanically coupled finite-element model is employed to evaluate the residual-stress field, showing a characteristic pattern in which an initially symmetric thermal–mechanical loading produces depth-wise symmetry breaking between tensile surface layers and compressive subsurface zones. The proposed symmetry-aware framework, which combines milling-force theory, finite-element simulation, and systematic experiments, provides practical guidance for selecting parameter windows that suppress vibration, control residual stress, and improve the machining quality of thin-wall AA7075 components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Asymmetry in Dynamics of Mechanical and Structural Engineering)
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21 pages, 1268 KB  
Review
Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. in the Context of Sustainable Development: An Aggressive Invasive Species with Potential for Utilisation in the Extraction of Furanocoumarins and Essential Oils
by Ekaterina Sergeevna Osipova, Evgeny Aleksandrovich Gladkov and Dmitry Viktorovich Tereshonok
J. Xenobiot. 2026, 16(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/jox16010006 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., or H. sosnowskyi, of the Apiaceae was first cultivated in the USSR in 1947 as a potential fodder plant. Due to the development of cold-resistant cultivars and the characteristics of H. sosnowskyi, it quickly became feral. As a [...] Read more.
Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., or H. sosnowskyi, of the Apiaceae was first cultivated in the USSR in 1947 as a potential fodder plant. Due to the development of cold-resistant cultivars and the characteristics of H. sosnowskyi, it quickly became feral. As a result, H. sosnowskyi began to spread as an aggressive invasive species in the 1970s and 1980s. By the 90s it had become an ecological disaster. As well as forming monocultures and displacing native species, H. sosnowskyi contains furanocoumarins, photosensitizing compounds that increase skin sensitivity to ultraviolet rays and cause severe burns. In addition, furanocoumarins have cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and estrogenic effects. H. sosnowskyi also contains essential oils, which are particularly active during flowering and can irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, as well as cause allergic reactions in the form of bronchospasm in people with asthma and hypersensitivity. When released in high concentrations, these biologically active compounds have an allelopathic effect on native plant species, displacing them and reducing biodiversity. As H. sosnowskyi is not native; the biologically active compounds it secretes have a xenobiotic effect, causing serious damage to the ecosystems it occupies. However, in parallel with these negative properties, furanocoumarins have been found to be effective in the treatment of cancer and skin diseases. Furanocoumarins possess antimicrobial antioxidant osteo- and neuroprotective properties. Essential oils containing octyl acetate, carboxylic acid esters, and terpenes can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, essential oils can be used as biofumigants and natural herbicides. A comprehensive approach allows H. sosnowskyi to be viewed in two ways. On the one hand, it is an aggressive alien species that causes significant damage to ecosystems and poses a threat to human health. On the other hand, it is a potentially valuable natural resource whose biomass can be used within the principles of the circular economy. It is hoped that the use of H. sosnowskyi for economic interests can be a partial compensation for the problem of its aggressive invasion, which is of anthropogenic origin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products/Herbal Medicines)
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32 pages, 28708 KB  
Article
Adaptive Thermal Imaging Signal Analysis for Real-Time Non-Invasive Respiratory Rate Monitoring
by Riska Analia, Anne Forster, Sheng-Quan Xie and Zhiqiang Zhang
Sensors 2026, 26(1), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26010278 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
(1) Background: This study presents an adaptive, contactless, and privacy-preserving respiratory-rate monitoring system based on thermal imaging, designed for real-time operation on embedded edge hardware. The system continuously processes temperature data from a compact thermal camera without external computation, enabling practical deployment for [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study presents an adaptive, contactless, and privacy-preserving respiratory-rate monitoring system based on thermal imaging, designed for real-time operation on embedded edge hardware. The system continuously processes temperature data from a compact thermal camera without external computation, enabling practical deployment for home or clinical vital-sign monitoring. (2) Methods: Thermal frames are captured using a 256×192 TOPDON TC001 camera and processed entirely on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano. A YOLO-based detector localizes the nostril region in every even frame (stride = 2) to reduce the computation load, while a Kalman filter predicts the ROI position on skipped frames to maintain spatial continuity and suppress motion jitter. From the stabilized ROI, a temperature-based breathing signal is extracted and analyzed through an adaptive median–MAD hysteresis algorithm that dynamically adjusts to signal amplitude and noise variations for breathing phase detection. Respiratory rate (RR) is computed from inter-breath intervals (IBI) validated within physiological constraints. (3) Results: Ten healthy subjects participated in six experimental conditions including resting, paced breathing, speech, off-axis yaw, posture (supine), and distance variations up to 2.0 m. Across these conditions, the system attained a MAE of 0.57±0.36 BPM and an RMSE of 0.64±0.42 BPM, demonstrating stable accuracy under motion and thermal drift. Compared with peak-based and FFT spectral baselines, the proposed method reduced errors by a large margin across all conditions. (4) Conclusions: The findings confirm that accurate and robust respiratory-rate estimation can be achieved using a low-resolution thermal sensor running entirely on an embedded edge device. The combination of YOLO-based nostril detector, Kalman ROI prediction, and adaptive MAD–hysteresis phase that self-adjusts to signal variability provides a compact, efficient, and privacy-preserving solution for non-invasive vital-sign monitoring in real-world environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Signal Processing Techniques for Non-Invasive Health Monitoring)
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16 pages, 274 KB  
Article
Nurturing Igbo Identity: A Socio-Pragmatic Study of Naming Practices Among Diasporic Igbo of Southeastern Nigeria
by Akumjika Chikamma Michael, Olubunmi Funmi Oyebanji and Victoria Enefiok Etim
Genealogy 2026, 10(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy10010007 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
The paper explores how the diasporic Igbo community portrays its cultural identity through personal names and naming practices in a globalised context. The study employs a qualitative approach, involving computer-assisted semi-structured interviews with 26 diasporic Igbo individuals residing in the United States of [...] Read more.
The paper explores how the diasporic Igbo community portrays its cultural identity through personal names and naming practices in a globalised context. The study employs a qualitative approach, involving computer-assisted semi-structured interviews with 26 diasporic Igbo individuals residing in the United States of America (USA), to examine how names are constructed to reflect cultural identity, community ties, and connections to the Igbo society. The paper adopts the sociocultural linguistic theory of identity to examine how culture and society shape language use, analysing names as social acts that establish connections to the Igbo community and cultural heritage. The paper examines how Igbo migrants negotiate traditional naming practices in the diaspora and communicate their cultural identity and worldviews through naming. The findings reveal that the diaspora Igbo community conveys its cultural identity, migration history, and emotional connection to its homeland while maintaining social relationships in its host country. The study will provide insight into the role of names in preserving cultural identity and fostering a sense of belonging among the diasporic Igbo community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Names as Heritage: Tracing Family and Community Identity Through Naming)
18 pages, 1506 KB  
Article
Functional Characterization of ycao in Escherichia coli C91 Reveals Its Role in Siderophore Production, Iron-Limited Growth, and Antimicrobial Activity
by Khadijah M. Dashti, H. Ebrahim, Leila Vali and Ali A. Dashti
Antibiotics 2026, 15(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15010043 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the top health concerns. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes severe infections. However, this research exposed its antibiotic-producing potential. Methods: Rifampicin-resistant mutants of E. coli C91 were generated to activate cryptic [...] Read more.
Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the top health concerns. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that commonly causes severe infections. However, this research exposed its antibiotic-producing potential. Methods: Rifampicin-resistant mutants of E. coli C91 were generated to activate cryptic BGCs. Mutants (C91-R1, R2 and R3) were tested for antimicrobial production using agar-well diffusion assays. Metabolite profiling was performed by LC-MS/MS. Siderophore production was tested by construction of a Δycao deletion mutant. Growth of this mutant was assessed under iron-limited conditions versus iron-rich conditions using dipyridyl. qRT-PCR was used to analyze gene expression entB, mcmA and mchF. Genome mining was performed using antiSMASH and BAGEL4. Results: Compared to the wild type, Mutant C91-R1(S531L) displayed clear antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. LC-MS/MS revealed unique metabolites, including a novel peak at m/z 410.5, specific to the mutant C91-R1. A reduction in siderophore production of 61% was demonstrated in the Δycao mutant, and downregulation of entB, mcmA and mchF. Conclusions: Genome mining predicted non-ribosomal peptide, thiopeptide and polyketide BGCs. E. coli C91 offers antibiotic-producing potential that can be activated through ribosome-engineering-type approaches. Moreover, E. coli C91-R1 has unique metabolites and is considered as a promising candidate for novel antibiotic discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Novel Antimicrobial Agents)
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19 pages, 993 KB  
Article
Calorie Restriction Suppresses Premature Ageing in Pro-Apoptotic Yeast Mutants Through an Autophagy-Independent Mechanism
by Benedetta Caraba, Mariarita Stirpe, Vanessa Palermo, Alessia Ayala Alban, Arianna Montanari, Michele Maria Bianchi, Claudio Falcone and Cristina Mazzoni
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010464 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long served as a valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying aging. Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-established intervention that extends lifespan across species, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we [...] Read more.
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long served as a valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying aging. Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-established intervention that extends lifespan across species, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the effects of CR on the chronological lifespan, oxidative stress response, and autophagic activity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant Sclsm4Δ1, which exhibits premature aging and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to defects in mRNA decapping and processing-bodies (PB) dynamics. We found that both moderate (0.1% glucose) and extreme (water incubation) CR significantly extended the lifespan of Sclsm4Δ1 mutants and markedly reduced intracellular ROS accumulation without activating autophagy. These findings indicate that the beneficial effects of CR stem from improved redox homeostasis and metabolic adaptation, rather than from canonical autophagic pathways. Similar protective effects were observed in a chromosomal lsm4Δ1 mutant generated via CRISPR–Cas9, confirming that CR rescues aging-related phenotypes in different genetic backgrounds. These insights reinforce the roles of nutrient signaling, RNA metabolism, and redox balance in lifespan regulation, offering new perspectives on the conserved anti-aging effects of calorie restriction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Response Research: Yeast as Models: 2nd Edition)
29 pages, 14851 KB  
Review
How to Use Multimodality Imaging in Cardio-Oncology
by Anca Doina Mateescu, Raluca Ileana Mincu and Ruxandra Oana Jurcut
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2026, 13(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd13010027 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Recent advances in oncology have contributed to a steady rise in cancer survivorship. However, many cancer therapies are associated with cardiovascular adverse events, leading to increased rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a result, cardio-oncology has emerged as a rapidly advancing discipline [...] Read more.
Recent advances in oncology have contributed to a steady rise in cancer survivorship. However, many cancer therapies are associated with cardiovascular adverse events, leading to increased rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a result, cardio-oncology has emerged as a rapidly advancing discipline that relies on multidisciplinary collaboration. Cardiovascular multimodality imaging (CVMI) is an essential diagnostic and surveillance tool for cardiovascular toxicity, along with clinical evaluation and biomarkers. CVMI plays a central role in diagnosing cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and myocarditis, while also supporting the assessment of vascular toxicity and arrhythmias. It is essential for baseline cardiac evaluation and continuous monitoring throughout and following cancer therapy. CVMI enables early detection of cardiovascular toxicity, facilitating prompt initiation of cardioprotective therapy and allowing cancer therapy to proceed without compromising safety. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring CTRCD. Moreover, it is the first-line imaging test for cardiac structural and functional assessment in patients who develop immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related myocarditis. Advanced imaging techniques, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), nuclear imaging, and cardiac computed tomography, may help determine the cause and severity of left ventricular dysfunction, as well as assess cardiac masses and vascular toxicity. Not least, CMR is the gold standard imaging modality to diagnose myocarditis. This article is a narrative review that focuses on the various modalities of CVMI and their applications in cardio-oncology. Since the issue addressed is very extensive, this review was designed to be concise. Full article
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27 pages, 14340 KB  
Article
Gradient Characteristics and Nonlinear Driving Mechanisms of “Production–Living–Ecological” Space Evolution in Mountainous Villages: A Case from Taiji Town, Chongqing
by Fanwei Meng, Zhongde Wang, Guanzheng Tan and Ling Yang
Land 2026, 15(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/land15010090 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
The evolution of “Production–Living–Ecological” spaces (PLESs) in mountainous rural areas is shaped by complex interactions between terrain gradients and socio-economic factors. However, existing research lacks a targeted exploration of their evolution and driving mechanisms at the town scale. This study takes Taiji Town [...] Read more.
The evolution of “Production–Living–Ecological” spaces (PLESs) in mountainous rural areas is shaped by complex interactions between terrain gradients and socio-economic factors. However, existing research lacks a targeted exploration of their evolution and driving mechanisms at the town scale. This study takes Taiji Town in Chongqing, China, as a case study and identifies land use data for mountainous rural areas. Based on this, “Production–Living–Ecological” attributes are assigned to each land use class, terrain gradients are delineated using the Terrain Niche Index, and the gradient-specific characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of PLES evolution in mountainous rural areas are analyzed. Additionally, the nonlinear driving mechanisms of PLES evolution are explored by incorporating variables such as terrain gradient, geographical location, social development, and ecological landscape. The results show that the evolution of PLES in Taiji Town generally follows a trend of decreasing production space, expanding living space, and steadily increasing ecological space. Furthermore, topographic constraints form a bottleneck in the evolution of production space in mountainous rural areas, with some production space boundaries extending into higher-gradient areas. Analysis of the driving mechanisms reveals that the interactions between land use degree evolution and elevation, as well as between land use degree evolution and slope, are key factors influencing the evolution of PLES, with significant differences across villages with varying topographic conditions. This study provides a scientific basis and methodological reference for observing spatial evolution and optimizing spatial planning at the town scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Land Planning and Landscape Architecture)
17 pages, 2905 KB  
Article
Unexpected Orange Photoluminescence from Tetrahedral Manganese(II) Halide Complexes with Bidentate Phosphanimines
by Domenico Piccolo, Jesús Castro, Valentina Beghetto, Daniele Rosa-Gastaldo and Marco Bortoluzzi
Molecules 2026, 31(1), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010161 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Manganese(II) halide complexes with the general formula [MnX2{(PhN=PPh2)CH2}], where X is bromine or iodine and (PhN=PPh2)CH2 is the bis-phosphanimine ligand 1,1′-methylenebis-(N,1,1-triphenylphosphanimine), were prepared and isolated. The structure of the two compounds was [...] Read more.
Manganese(II) halide complexes with the general formula [MnX2{(PhN=PPh2)CH2}], where X is bromine or iodine and (PhN=PPh2)CH2 is the bis-phosphanimine ligand 1,1′-methylenebis-(N,1,1-triphenylphosphanimine), were prepared and isolated. The structure of the two compounds was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing an approximately tetrahedral geometry at the metal centre. Unlike structurally comparable compounds containing phosphine oxides or related [O=P]-donors in the coordination sphere, which commonly show green emissions, solid samples of [MnBr2{(PhN=PPh2)CH2}] and [MnI2{(PhN=PPh2)CH2}] exhibited orange emissions upon irradiation with UV light. The emission spectra resulted excitation-independent. Superimposable steady-state luminescence spectra were collected for both compounds as powders and crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction. The excitation spectra and the ligand→metal antenna effect were affected by the coordinated halide, and only [MnBr2{(PhN=PPh2)CH2}] showed bright luminescence under near-UV irradiation. Either ligand- or metal-centred transitions can account for the observed luminescence, and the luminescence decay curves were consistent with a multiplicity change from the excited to the ground state, with excited-state lifetimes in the range of hundreds of microseconds. Attempts to rationalize the unexpected luminescence were carried out based on DFT calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organometallic Compounds: Design, Synthesis and Application: 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 1045 KB  
Article
The Other Face of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Hospitalized Patients: Insights from over Two Decades of Non-Cystic Fibrosis Cohort
by Marwan Jabr Alwazzeh, Amani Alnimr, Sara M. Alwarthan, Mashael Alhajri, Jumanah Algazaq, Bashayer M. AlShehail, Abdullah H. Alnasser, Ali Tahir Alwail, Komail Mohammed Alramadhan, Abdullah Yousef Alramadan, Faisal Abdulaziz Almulhim, Ghayah Ahmed Almulhim, Jawad ur Rahman and Mohammad Taha Al-Hariri
Antibiotics 2026, 15(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15010042 (registering DOI) - 1 Jan 2026
Abstract
Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an intrinsically multidrug-resistant, biofilm- forming, non-fermenter increasingly implicated in hospital-acquired infections. Evidence from non-cystic fibrosis populations, especially in the Middle East, remains sparse. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study at a tertiary academic center (Al-Khobar, Saudi [...] Read more.
Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an intrinsically multidrug-resistant, biofilm- forming, non-fermenter increasingly implicated in hospital-acquired infections. Evidence from non-cystic fibrosis populations, especially in the Middle East, remains sparse. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study at a tertiary academic center (Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia) spanning 1 May 2001–30 April 2023. Hospitalized adults (≥18 years) with culture-confirmed, clinically diagnosed S. maltophilia infection and ≥72 h of antibiotic therapy were included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (14-day, 30-day, 1-year). Secondary outcomes were clinical response, microbiological eradication, and infection recurrence. Predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed using multivariable logistic regression; 14-day mortality was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier/log-rank according to susceptibility-guided versus alternative therapy. Results: Of 539 patients with positive cultures, 436 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 60.5 ± 19.3 years; 62.2% were male. Most infections were hospital-acquired (92.9%); pneumonia composed 64.7% and bloodstream infection 15.4%. Polymicrobial growth occurred in 55.5% (predominantly Gram-negative co-isolation). Susceptibility was 95.1% to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, 76.4% to levofloxacin, and 43.6% to ceftazidime. Mortality at 14 days, 30 days, and 1 year was 22.8%, 37.9%, and 57.2%, respectively. On multivariable modelling, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia independently predicted 30-day mortality. Susceptibility-guided therapy was associated with improved 14-day survival (log-rank p = 0.033). Conclusions: In this large, long-running non-cystic fibrosis cohort, host acuity and early alignment of treatment to susceptibility data were dominant drivers of outcome. High polymicrobial burden and limited reliably active agents underscore the need for meticulous stewardship, robust infection prevention, and cautious interpretation of S. maltophilia antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases)
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