MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

17 pages, 4464 KB

Open AccessArticle

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARGs) Monitoring and Gut Microbiota Profiling in Honey Bees from an Intensive Livestock Farming Area in Northwestern Italy

by Silvia Olivieri, Roberto Zoccola, Chiara Beltramo, Cecilia Guasco, Luca Carisio, Andrea Trossi, Alessandro Dondo, Simone Peletto and Maria Goria

Microorganisms 2026, 14(5), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms14050967 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern, exacerbated by the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming. Honey bees (Apis mellifera), widely used as bioindicators of environmental contamination, may also serve as sentinels for monitoring the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance [...] Read more.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern, exacerbated by the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming. Honey bees (Apis mellifera), widely used as bioindicators of environmental contamination, may also serve as sentinels for monitoring the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the presence of ARGs and the gut microbiota composition of honey bees sampled from 11 apiaries located in a region of Northwestern Italy characterized by intensive livestock farming. PCR and Sanger sequencing analyses revealed a widespread presence of tetracycline resistance genes—particularly tetB and tetC—as well as occasional detection of blaTEM, qnrB, and int1 genes. tetB and tetC were also identified in three bacterial colonies isolated from bee guts, notably in Hafnia spp. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed dominance of genera such as Bartonella, Snodgrassella, Gilliamella, Bombilactobacillus, and Lactobacillus. Some samples showed shifts in the microbial diversity. The findings confirm the potential of honey bees as bioindicators for environmental AMR surveillance and underscore the need for further research to elucidate correlations between ARG presence and microbial community structure in honey bees from various ecological contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Veterinary Microbiology in Italy (2026))

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 413 KB

Open AccessArticle

Predictors of Thoracic Complications After Bilateral Diaphragmatic Stripping During Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer

by Carlo Ronsini, Federica Anzelmo Sciarra, Giuseppe Cucinella, Mariano Catello Di Donna, Cono Scaffa, Mario Fordellone, Stefano Restaino, Manuela Ludovisi, Giuseppe Vizzielli and Vito Chiantera

Medicina 2026, 62(5), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62050818 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background and Objective: This study aimed to identify preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with thoracic complications after bilateral diaphragmatic stripping during cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Gynecologic Oncology Unit [...] Read more.

Background and Objective: This study aimed to identify preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with thoracic complications after bilateral diaphragmatic stripping during cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Gynecologic Oncology Unit of the National Cancer Institute “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy. We included patients who underwent bilateral diaphragmatic stripping between July 2023 and October 2025. Demographic, surgical, and anesthesiologic parameters were recorded. Univariate logistic regression was performed, and a restricted multivariate model including only variables significant at univariate analysis was used to assess predictors of thoracic complications. Results: Forty-seven patients were analyzed, 10 (21%) of whom developed postoperative thoracic complications. Patients with thoracic complications had a higher body mass index (median 28.4 kg/m², IQR 26.4–29.3 vs. 23.9 kg/m², IQR 22.8–27.3; p = 0.003) and higher ASA scores (p = 0.033). In univariate analysis, ASA (odds ratio [OR] 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–17.94, p = 0.046) and BMI (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.14–2.02, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with thoracic complications. In multivariate analysis, only BMI remained an independent predictor (OR 1.599, 95% CI 1.13–2.68, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Elevated BMI was independently associated with an increased risk of thoracic complications after bilateral diaphragmatic stripping in cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. Careful perioperative management and preventive strategies should be considered in overweight patients. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 1561 KB

Open AccessReview

Technical Advances and Techno-Economic Implications of CO₂-O₂ In Situ Leaching for Uranium Mining

by Guihe Li, Jun He and Jia Yao

Mining 2026, 6(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/mining6020029 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Uranium is a resource with exceptionally high energy density, releasing substantially more energy per unit mass than conventional fossil fuels. In uranium mining, in situ leaching offers significant advantages over open-pit and underground mining, including reduced environmental impact, lower operational costs, enhanced safety, [...] Read more.

Uranium is a resource with exceptionally high energy density, releasing substantially more energy per unit mass than conventional fossil fuels. In uranium mining, in situ leaching offers significant advantages over open-pit and underground mining, including reduced environmental impact, lower operational costs, enhanced safety, and improved controllability. Within the in situ leaching framework, acid leaching faces limitations in high-carbonate ore bodies, while alkaline leaching is unsuitable for deposits rich in pyrite and other sulfide minerals due to side reactions and precipitate formation that hinder leaching efficiency. In contrast, CO₂-O₂ leaching, as a neutral leaching approach, exhibits broader applicability across diverse ore types and geological settings. Incorporating CO₂ into the leaching process also enables carbon utilization, offering a potential pathway to cleaner uranium extraction aligned with carbon reduction and sustainable energy goals. This review systematically examines the geochemical principles, as well as hydrological and transport phenomena governing CO₂-O₂ in situ leaching. Recent technological advances are summarized, including progress in reaction kinetics and leaching efficiency, leaching solution design and control, and reservoir modification. Furthermore, the techno-economic implications of CO₂-O₂ in situ leaching are critically assessed, with particular emphasis on operational cost structures and the evolution of techno-economic analysis methodologies. On this basis, key challenges and future directions are identified. This work aims to support the future large-scale and economically efficient deployment of CO₂-O₂ in situ leaching for uranium resource development. Full article

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 5200 KB

Open AccessArticle

Lidar Measurements and High-Resolution Mesoscale Modeling of Coastally Trapped Disturbances off the Coast of California

by Timothy W. Juliano, Sue Ellen Haupt, Eric A. Hendricks, Branko Kosović and Raghavendra Krishnamurthy

Meteorology 2026, 5(2), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology5020009 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Coastally Trapped disturbances (CTDs) are shifts in wind direction from the pre-dominant direction to equatorward to poleward for a period of time. These CTDs occur during the warm season off the California coast and impact coastal weather conditions and planned offshore wind plants. [...] Read more.

Coastally Trapped disturbances (CTDs) are shifts in wind direction from the pre-dominant direction to equatorward to poleward for a period of time. These CTDs occur during the warm season off the California coast and impact coastal weather conditions and planned offshore wind plants. This study assesses the characteristics of CTD events as observed by lidar and other offshore buoys, then evaluates the ability of modeling systems to capture the correct characteristics, leveraging model output from the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) operational modeling system and the NOW-23 (National Offshore Wind) model dataset. CTDs were analyzed for October 2020 and May through to October of 2021, identifying 18 unique CTD events, confirmed by a nearby National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy. The HRRR model captured most of these events, but the NOW-23 model output contained only 12 events. Composites of the wind, temperature, and pressure perturbations pre-, during, and post-event demonstrated the diminishment in wind speed, particularly for the alongshore component. Although the NOW-23 model captured the alongshore wind component and pressure perturbations well, the cross-shore wind component and temperature perturbations varied substantially. When the turbulent kinetic energy deviation and wind shear was positive across all levels pre-event, the NOW-23 modeling system was less likely to capture the CTD event. In contrast, the events that were captured by the model tended to have negative wind shear aloft pre-event. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 473 KB

Open AccessArticle

Internet Advertising Falsity and Consumer Harm: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Consumer Cognitive Processes and Consumer Vulnerability

by Dongze Zhao, Xuxu Jin, Wenjing Ren, Ke Dong and Chang-Hyun Jin

J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2026, 21(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer21050133 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Internet advertising, while enabling unprecedented commercial reach, has become a pervasive vehicle for deceptive practices that inflict measurable harm on consumers. This study empirically investigates the structural relationships between internet advertising falsity and consumer harm by integrating analyses of the mediating role of [...] Read more.

Internet advertising, while enabling unprecedented commercial reach, has become a pervasive vehicle for deceptive practices that inflict measurable harm on consumers. This study empirically investigates the structural relationships between internet advertising falsity and consumer harm by integrating analyses of the mediating role of consumer cognitive processes and the moderating role of consumer vulnerability within a unified structural framework. Survey data were collected from 600 adult consumers with online purchase experience in the Republic of Korea—an advanced digital economy characterized by exceptionally high mobile-commerce penetration, mature e-commerce infrastructure, and evolving digital consumer protection regulation—and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 24.0, supplemented by Hayes’ PROCESS macro Model 59 for conditional process analysis. All 13 hypotheses were supported, although path magnitudes varied substantially across falsity dimensions and mediator pathways—with direct effects ranging from β = 0.156 (false scarcity) to β = 0.224 (performance exaggeration), and indirect effects dominated by the risk assessment distortion pathway. Among the four sub-dimensions of advertising falsity—factual misrepresentation, performance exaggeration, price deception, and false scarcity—performance exaggeration exerted the strongest direct effect on consumer harm. The three cognitive mediators—perceived advertising credibility, risk assessment distortion, and purchase decision pressure—all demonstrated significant partial mediation, with risk assessment distortion emerging as the most powerful indirect pathway. All four consumer vulnerability dimensions—digital literacy level, demographic vulnerability, prior victimization experience, and impulsive buying tendency—significantly moderated the falsity–harm relationship, with low-digital-literacy consumers experiencing approximately 1.7 times the adverse effect of high-literacy counterparts. Moderated mediation analysis revealed that the conditional indirect effect for the high-vulnerability group was approximately 2.3 times that of the low-vulnerability group, confirming that the cognitive harm mechanism intensifies systematically for vulnerable consumers. These findings advance consumer vulnerability theory in the digital context and offer evidence-based implications for consumer protection policy, platform governance, and digital literacy education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Consumer Resistance to Digital Marketing Tactics and Technology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 405 KB

Open AccessArticle

Hematological Adaptation Without Differences in Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Cyanotic and Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease

by Damla Erden, Ahmet Bulent Polat, Naile Fevziye Misirlioglu and Hafize Uzun

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(9), 3274; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15093274 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background: Chronic hypoxemia in cyanotic congenital heart disease triggers well-recognized hematological adaptation; however, whether hypoxemia also drives systemic inflammatory activation remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate hematological parameters and inflammatory indices in cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) to better [...] Read more.

Background: Chronic hypoxemia in cyanotic congenital heart disease triggers well-recognized hematological adaptation; however, whether hypoxemia also drives systemic inflammatory activation remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate hematological parameters and inflammatory indices in cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) to better characterize the relationship between hypoxemia and systemic inflammatory status. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, 260 children with congenital heart disease were classified as cyanotic (n = 158) or acyanotic (n = 102). Preoperative clinical data and laboratory parameters were analyzed, including oxygen saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte indices, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT). Inflammatory indices derived from complete blood counts were calculated, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune–inflammation index (SII). Results: Oxygen saturation was significantly lower in cyanotic patients than in acyanotic patients (75 ± 9% vs. 95 ± 4%, p < 0.001). Consistent with hypoxemia-driven hematological adaptation, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the cyanotic group (16.1 ± 2.9 g/dL vs. 13.1 ± 2.0 g/dL and 50.8 ± 9.7% vs. 39.7 ± 5.5%, respectively; p < 0.001). In contrast, inflammatory indices (NLR, PLR, and SII) were similar between cyanotic and acyanotic patients, and no significant associations were observed between oxygen saturation and these inflammatory indices. Conclusions: While cyanotic congenital heart disease demonstrates marked hematological adaptation secondary to chronic hypoxemia, systemic inflammatory indices appear similar in cyanotic and acyanotic patients. These findings suggest a relative dissociation between hypoxemia-driven hematological responses and the evaluated systemic inflammatory indices, indicating that inflammatory burden in congenital heart disease may not be solely explained by cyanosis and may reflect additional underlying mechanisms not captured by these markers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Pediatrics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 14714 KB

Open AccessArticle

TGL-YOLO: A Multi-Scale Feature Enhancement Method for Plant Disease Detection Based on Improved YOLO11

by Qi Wang and Zhiyu Wang

Agriculture 2026, 16(9), 947; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16090947 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Plant disease detection in natural environments is significantly challenged by variations in lesion scales and interference from complicated background clutter. Nevertheless, current models often remain limited in effectively capturing multi-scale features and mitigating background interference simultaneously. To tackle these challenges, we present TGL-YOLO, [...] Read more.

Plant disease detection in natural environments is significantly challenged by variations in lesion scales and interference from complicated background clutter. Nevertheless, current models often remain limited in effectively capturing multi-scale features and mitigating background interference simultaneously. To tackle these challenges, we present TGL-YOLO, an improved detection network built on the YOLO11 framework. Methodologically, we introduce the Tri-Scale Dynamic Block (TSDBlock) to adaptively extract fine-grained features across highly variable lesion sizes. Furthermore, a Gated Pyramid Spatial Transformer (GPST) is designed to fuse cross-scale features and suppress background interference, while a Large Separable Pyramid Attention (LSPA) module expands the spatial receptive field to capture global context. Experimental results on two public datasets show that TGL-YOLO demonstrates improved performance over the YOLO11s baseline. On the PlantDoc dataset, it improves mAP50 and mAP50:95 by 4.7% and 3.7%, reaching 0.591 and 0.449, respectively. On the FieldPlant dataset, it reaches 0.793 and 0.608, yielding improvements of 2.3% and 1.9%. The proposed method demonstrates the capability to reduce missed detections and false positives caused by multi-scale lesions and environmental noise, providing a competitive and computationally viable solution for agricultural disease monitoring in natural environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applying Artificial Intelligence to Sustainable Crop Protection: Managing Pests and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1394 KB

Open AccessArticle

Seroprevalence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Antibodies in Vaccinated Broilers from South-Western Romania (2018–2021): An ELISA-Based Survey

by Gabriel Orghici, Livia Stanga, Paula Nistor, Vlad Iorgoni, Marius Stelian Ilie, Diana Hoffman and Viorel Herman

Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(5), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13050420 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus associated with respiratory, renal, and reproductive disease in chickens, with important economic consequences in intensive poultry production. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-IBV antibodies in vaccinated broiler flocks reared in south-western Romania [...] Read more.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus associated with respiratory, renal, and reproductive disease in chickens, with important economic consequences in intensive poultry production. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-IBV antibodies in vaccinated broiler flocks reared in south-western Romania and to characterize its distribution across counties and study years. Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 2466 blood samples were collected from Ross 308 broilers aged 35–45 days originating from five commercial farms (one per county) located in Caraș-Severin, Dolj, Gorj, Hunedoara, and Vâlcea. Samples were obtained from 137 production halls/series. Sera were tested using a commercial indirect ELISA kit and classified according to the manufacturer’s criteria based on the sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio and the corresponding antibody titer threshold. Overall, 2115/2466 sera were positive (85.77%) and 351/2466 were negative (14.23%). Anti-IBV antibodies were detected in all halls (137/137, 100%), although negative sera were recorded in 87/137 halls (63%). Seroprevalence by county ranged from 78.67% (Vâlcea) to 89.24% (Hunedoara). Significant differences in the proportions of positive and negative sera were identified between several county pairs by Fisher’s exact test. These findings indicate widespread serological evidence of anti-IBV antibodies in vaccinated broiler flocks from south-western Romania, which may reflect vaccine-induced immunity and/or field exposure. The results support the need for continued serological monitoring, alongside targeted molecular investigations to differentiate vaccine strains from circulating field variants. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2676 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Lithium Iron Phosphate Materials via an All-in-One Integrated Liquid Phase Method

by Shixiang Sun, Bo Liao, Xiaotao Wang, Han Wu, Jinyu Tan, Jingwen Cui, Yingqun Li, Wei Li, Yidan Zhang, Siqin Zhao, Yan Cao and Chao Huang

Molecules 2026, 31(9), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31091419 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2026

Abstract

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) (LFP) has emerged as the most popular cathode material in the current lithium battery market because of its stable charge–discharge cycle performance, low cost, and high safety. Moreover, this material does not require scarce resources such as [...] Read more.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) (LFP) has emerged as the most popular cathode material in the current lithium battery market because of its stable charge–discharge cycle performance, low cost, and high safety. Moreover, this material does not require scarce resources such as nickel and cobalt, which alleviates supply chain conflicts and reduces the environmental and health impacts associated with Ni and Co. In this study, a cost-effective preparation method is implemented to synthesize a series of all-element integrated LiFePO₄ precursors using precursor solutions with varying concentrations of oxalic acid. The final LFP materials are subsequently obtained through a one-step heat treatment. To evaluate the advantages of this method, we compare the structural and electrochemical properties of the obtained LFP materials with those synthesized via the traditional solid-phase method. The experimental results reveal that the LFP material synthesized using an oxalic acid solution with a concentration of 0.125 mol L⁻¹ exhibits optimal performance. This material has a grain size in the range of 300–500 nm, which is smaller and more uniform than those of the other samples. This initial specific discharge capacity of the designed LFP is 150.3 mAh·g⁻¹, with an initial coulombic efficiency of 88%. Notably, the material maintains a high capacity of 98 mAh·g⁻¹ even at −20 °C and achieves a discharge capacity of 98.7 mAh·g⁻¹ at a high discharge rate of 5 C. The lithium-ion diffusion coefficient was determined to be 7.1 × 10⁻¹² cm² s⁻¹, which is approximately 2.5 times greater than that of the material synthesized via the solid-phase ball-milling method. These results highlight the significant improvements in both the structural and electrochemical properties of LFP materials synthesized through this novel liquid-phase method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exclusive Papers of Editorial Board Members and Invited Scholars in “Materials Chemistry”, 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4194 KB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Performance of Saline Infusion Sonography with Color Doppler Flow (SIS-CF) for Assessing Tubal Patency: A Prospective Cohort Study

by Pantana Bangsomboon, Worashorn Lattiwongsakorn, Tawiwan Panthasri, Ubol Saeng-anan, Usanee Sanmee, Natnita Mattawanon and Natpat Jansaka

Diagnostics 2026, 16(9), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16091287 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Accurate evaluation of fallopian tube patency is an essential step in infertility assessment. This study investigated the diagnostic capability of saline infusion sonography combined with color Doppler flow (SIS-CF), using laparoscopic chromopertubation as the comparator method. Methods: A prospective diagnostic [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Accurate evaluation of fallopian tube patency is an essential step in infertility assessment. This study investigated the diagnostic capability of saline infusion sonography combined with color Doppler flow (SIS-CF), using laparoscopic chromopertubation as the comparator method. Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted between January and November 2025 at the Infertility Unit, Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Women requiring laparoscopic assessment for infertility evaluation or preconception investigation were consecutively enrolled. Each participant underwent SIS-CF immediately before laparoscopic chromopertubation within the same operative session. Primary outcomes included diagnostic indices for tubal patency. Secondary outcomes included procedural duration and perioperative safety. Results: Forty-four women (88 fallopian tubes) were included. SIS-CF demonstrated sensitivity of 89.4% (95% CI 78.1–95.9) and specificity of 95.5% (95% CI 77.2–99.9). Positive and negative predictive values were 98.3% and 75.0%, respectively. Likelihood ratios were 19.65 (positive) and 0.11 (negative), with overall accuracy of 90.9% (95% CI 82.9–95.8). Median procedure duration was 5.7 min for SIS-CF and 3.0 min for laparoscopic chromopertubation. No adverse events were recorded. Conclusions: SIS-CF demonstrated favorable diagnostic characteristics for evaluation of tubal patency. The technique provided functional information regarding tubal status while maintaining a minimally invasive profile. Further investigation is warranted to determine its role within routine infertility workups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging for the Diagnosis of Obstetric and Gynecological Diseases—2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1266 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Compact Closed-Form Dynamic Hysteresis Model for Energy-Loss Prediction in Power Magnetic Components

by Yingjie Tang, Chayma Guemri and Matthew Franchek

Energies 2026, 19(9), 2078; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092078 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Magnetic hysteresis strongly influences energy dissipation and efficiency in power magnetic components under time-varying excitation. This work proposes a compact dynamic hysteresis model using a Hammerstein structure, consisting of a closed-form arctangent static operator followed by a first-order relaxation dynamic stage. The formulation [...] Read more.

Magnetic hysteresis strongly influences energy dissipation and efficiency in power magnetic components under time-varying excitation. This work proposes a compact dynamic hysteresis model using a Hammerstein structure, consisting of a closed-form arctangent static operator followed by a first-order relaxation dynamic stage. The formulation enables direct datasheet-based parameterization and avoids iterative differential solvers or distributed hysteron representations, resulting in low calibration effort and computational cost. The static hysteresis behavior is characterized using four static parameters directly identified from manufacturer B-H datasheets, while dynamic effects are captured using two global calibration parameters derived from datasheet loss curves. This formulation enables accurate reconstruction of major and minor hysteresis loops, while introducing frequency-dependent phase lag and dynamic loop opening. Model performance is evaluated under diverse excitations, including sinusoidal, amplitude-modulated, FORC and chirp signals, showing waveform deviations below 7.2% peak-to-peak NRMSE relative to classical hysteresis models. Energy-loss predictions are validated against manufacturer datasheet curves for ferrite material 3C90 across multiple frequencies, yielding a root-mean-square relative error of 8.3% with 89% of operating points within ±20% deviation. The proposed model provides a datasheet-driven framework for hysteresis and energy-loss prediction in power magnetic components. Full article

19 pages, 460 KB

Open AccessArticle

Teachers’ and Deputy Head Teachers’ Perceptions of Head Teachers’ Leadership Practices in Zambian Secondary Schools

by Thumah Mapulanga, Victoria Meya Daka, Loyiso Currell Jita, Lineo Mphatsoane-Sesoane and Nonjabulo Madonda

Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(5), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15050279 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

School leadership practices may influence teachers’ motivation and professional engagement, which, in turn, may affect overall school performance. This study explores how secondary school teachers and deputy head teachers perceive head teachers’ leadership practices and how these practices are understood to influence teacher [...] Read more.

School leadership practices may influence teachers’ motivation and professional engagement, which, in turn, may affect overall school performance. This study explores how secondary school teachers and deputy head teachers perceive head teachers’ leadership practices and how these practices are understood to influence teacher motivation and professional engagement. Drawing on a qualitative design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 teachers and six deputy head teachers from six government secondary schools in Kabwe District, Zambia. A qualitative approach enabled an in-depth exploration of leadership perceptions across participants from multiple school contexts. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify patterns in leadership practices described by participants. The findings indicate that participants frequently described leadership practices aligned with delegation, mentorship, and open communication, shaped by contextual and organisational factors. However, these practices were not consistently experienced across all school contexts. Participants also described the presence of democratic and autocratic leadership practices. Participants perceived participatory and supportive leadership practices as contributing to their motivation and professional engagement. However, participants from several schools reported that autocratic leadership practices continued to shape decision-making, largely due to contextual, institutional, and workload-related constraints. The study highlights the importance of understanding leadership as contextually negotiated and relationally enacted. It contributes to African educational leadership research by demonstrating how leadership practices are experienced and interpreted within specific school contexts and emphasising the value of examining leadership beyond a single theoretical model. The implications of these findings for school leadership practice, policy development, and international educational leadership research are discussed. Full article

19 pages, 1618 KB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation and Correction Study of Solar Irradiance in Guangdong Based on WRF-Solar and Random Forest

by Yuanhong He, Zheng Li, Fang Zhou and Zhiqiu Gao

Energies 2026, 19(9), 2077; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19092077 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

To improve solar irradiance simulation accuracy for precise photovoltaic power forecasting, we developed a hybrid framework combining WRF-Solar numerical simulation and random forest (RF) machine learning for a PV plant in Guangdong, China. Weather conditions were objectively classified into clear, intermittent cloudy, and [...] Read more.

To improve solar irradiance simulation accuracy for precise photovoltaic power forecasting, we developed a hybrid framework combining WRF-Solar numerical simulation and random forest (RF) machine learning for a PV plant in Guangdong, China. Weather conditions were objectively classified into clear, intermittent cloudy, and overcast using the Daily Variability Index (DVI) and Daily Clear-sky Index (DCI). We calibrated the WRF-Solar model’s microphysics and radiative transfer schemes via sensitivity tests to optimize overcast-sky performance, then applied RF correction to the simulated irradiance. Results show that RF correction significantly reduces simulation errors for intermittent and overcast conditions, while the original WRF-Solar outperforms the corrected results under clear skies due to RF overfitting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Artificial Intelligence for Photovoltaic Energy Systems)

19 pages, 4213 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Battery Pack Consistency: A Hierarchical Active Balancing System Combining Bidirectional Buck–Boost and Flyback Converters

by Xiangya Qin, Zefu Tan, Qingshan Xu, Li Cai, Xiaojiang Zou and Nina Dai

World Electr. Veh. J. 2026, 17(5), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj17050231 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Series-connected lithium-ion battery packs are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, inevitable inconsistency among cells can cause charge imbalance, accelerated aging, and reduced system safety. To improve the consistency of series-connected battery packs under complex EV operating conditions, this study proposes a [...] Read more.

Series-connected lithium-ion battery packs are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs). However, inevitable inconsistency among cells can cause charge imbalance, accelerated aging, and reduced system safety. To improve the consistency of series-connected battery packs under complex EV operating conditions, this study proposes a hierarchical active balancing system. Bidirectional Buck–Boost converters are employed for intra-group balancing, and distributed flyback converters are used for inter-group balancing. A multi-stage coordinated balancing control strategy is further developed to reduce control complexity and improve balancing efficiency. A 16-cell series-connected battery pack model is established in MATLAB R2024a /Simulink and evaluated under resting, charging, and discharging conditions. The results show that, compared with the conventional single-layer Buck–Boost balancing topology, the proposed method reduces the balancing time by 58.09%, 57.97%, and 58.06%, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed system can effectively improve the consistency and balancing performance of series-connected battery packs, providing a scalable solution for EV battery management systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Power Electronics Components)

17 pages, 1226 KB

Open AccessArticle

5-ALA/SFC Mitigates Tau Toxicity via Lowering Oxidative Stress in a Drosophila Model of Tau Toxicity

by Arisa Tamura, Marie Noguchi, Naoko Nozawa, Emiko Suzuki and Kanae Ando

Life 2026, 16(5), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16050725 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to the pathogenesis of tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau. The combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) is known to improve mitochondrial functions. Here, we report that 5-ALA combined [...] Read more.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to the pathogenesis of tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau. The combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) is known to improve mitochondrial functions. Here, we report that 5-ALA combined with SFC (5-ALA/SFC) improves mitochondrial functions and mitigates neurodegeneration in transgenic Drosophila expressing human tau. We found that tau reduces ATP levels, decreases mitochondrial distribution to neurites, and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes was upregulated, and activities of complexes I and IV were elevated. Feeding 5-ALA/SFC to tau flies lowers oxidative damage without correcting OXPHOS activities or mitochondrial distribution. 5-ALA/SFC treatment suppressed pathological tau phosphorylation and mitigated tau-induced neurodegeneration. These results suggest that 5-ALA/SFC attenuates a neurodegenerative pathway involving tau, mitochondria, and ROS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Applications in Medical and Healthcare)

24 pages, 2663 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Fully Integrated Gate-Pole-Dominant Low-Dropout Regulator with Loop-Gain Booster for Maintaining High Power-Supply Rejection over a Wide Load Current Range

by Deok Won Koh, Changin Yoon, Jeong Hoan Park, Seung Hwan Lee and Younghyun Lim

Electronics 2026, 15(9), 1825; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15091825 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

This paper introduces a fully integrated gate-pole-dominant low-dropout regulator (LDO) that eliminates the need for external capacitors while sustaining high power-supply rejection (PSR) over a broad load current range. A loop-gain booster (LGB) is proposed to maintain the DC operating point of the [...] Read more.

This paper introduces a fully integrated gate-pole-dominant low-dropout regulator (LDO) that eliminates the need for external capacitors while sustaining high power-supply rejection (PSR) over a broad load current range. A loop-gain booster (LGB) is proposed to maintain the DC operating point of the error amplifier output at its optimal value, thereby preserving a high unity-gain frequency (UGF) even as the load current varies from zero to 200 mA. The parallel signal paths within the LGB inherently produce a left-half-plane (LHP) zero, which cancels one of the poles within the UGF of the feedback loop and guarantees robust stability under diverse operating conditions. Fabricated in a 40 nm CMOS technology, the prototype occupies only 0.008 mm² with a 4 pF on-chip compensation capacitor. The proposed LDO achieves a PSR of −72 dB at 1 MHz and −40 dB at 10 MHz when I_L = 200 mA and V_DO = 0.1 V, and maintains a PSR better than −78 dB at 1 MHz and −42 dB at 10 MHz when I_L = 1 mA and V_DO = 0.1 V. The LGB-enhanced regulator achieves excellent load and line regulation figures of 29 μV/mA and 0.75 mV/V, while the LGB itself consumes merely 7 μA out of a total quiescent current of 108 μA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Circuit-to-System Design for Advanced Sensing and Communication)

15 pages, 2787 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Community-Based Health Education and Sanitation Interventions on Opisthorchis viverrini Infection in an Endemic Area of Northeastern Thailand

by Parichart Boueroy, Nattamol Phetburom, Birabongse Hardthakwong, Ratanee Kammoolkon, Panchamapohn Rattanahon, Peechanika Chopjitt, Narita Fakkaew, Pathanan Suwannaboon, Chavanakorn Krueakaew, Patiwat Yasaka, Janjira Hantakhu and Kulthida Y. Kopolrat

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(5), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23050553 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Opisthorchis viverrini infection remains a significant public health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in rural communities of Northeast Thailand, where persistent environmental and behavioral factors sustain transmission. A quasi-experimental study aimed to identify environmental and behavioral risk factors for infection and to evaluate [...] Read more.

Opisthorchis viverrini infection remains a significant public health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in rural communities of Northeast Thailand, where persistent environmental and behavioral factors sustain transmission. A quasi-experimental study aimed to identify environmental and behavioral risk factors for infection and to evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based intervention program. The intervention program study was conducted over 10 months and comprised three phases: baseline survey‚ health education intervention program implementation‚ and follow-up evaluation. The results were analyzed for the prevalence of parasitic infections, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors. The majority of study participants were female (67.94%)‚ aged 55 to 64 years (48.09%)‚ and farmers (89.31%). Parasitic infections‚ especially O. viverrini‚ substantially decreased during the follow-up period‚ and independent risk factors predicting infection included lower education‚ previous infection‚ raw fish consumption‚ and pesticide use‚ according to multivariable logistic regression analysis. This intervention considerably improved knowledge; mean knowledge score increased by 6.29 points (p < 0.001). Analysis of fecal sludge after treatment with the sand-drying system identified S. stercoralis larvae (20 eggs/L) and Taenia spp. eggs (12.4 eggs/g). These findings indicated that, despite treatment, integrated behavioral and environmental interventions can be effective in interrupting parasite transmission in rural endemic settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Diseases, Chronic Diseases, and Disease Prevention)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1734 KB

Open AccessArticle

Blended Learning to Enhance Competencies Among Practicing Pharmacists: A Pre–Post Evaluation of the European Health Professionals’ and the DigitAl Team SkillS Advancement Project in Romania

by Tünde Jurca, Andrei-Flavius Radu, Gabriela S. Bungau, Annamária Pallag, Anett Jolán Karetka, Octavia Gligor, Laura Graţiela Vicaş, Florin Bănică, Diana Teaha, Claudia Costea, Nóra Fazekas, Zoltán Cserháti, Ilie Cirstea and Tiberiu Sebastian Nemeth

Pharmacy 2026, 14(3), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy14030064 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

The digital transformation of healthcare requires stronger digital competencies among pharmacists, yet evidence on the effectiveness of structured training remains scarce. This study examines the impact of a blended digital health training programme delivered to practicing pharmacists in Bihor County, Romania, as part [...] Read more.

The digital transformation of healthcare requires stronger digital competencies among pharmacists, yet evidence on the effectiveness of structured training remains scarce. This study examines the impact of a blended digital health training programme delivered to practicing pharmacists in Bihor County, Romania, as part of the Romanian pilot of the EU-funded European Health Professionals’ and the DigitAl team SkillS (H-PASS) project. A single-group pre–post educational design was applied to pharmacists from Bihor County, Romania, participating in a modular digital health training programme delivered between May and July 2025. A total of 84 pharmacists completed both pre-training and post-training self-reported competency assessments comprising 18 items across three modules: digital innovation and change management, communication and collaboration, and data management and digital literacy. Paired samples t-tests, Cohen’s d effect sizes, Cronbach’s alpha, moderator analyses, and ceiling effect analyses were conducted using Python-based statistical workflows. Statistically significant improvements were observed across all three modules (all p < 0.0001), with large effect sizes (d = 1.04–1.30). Post-training internal consistency increased substantially, with overall Cronbach’s alpha reaching 0.74. The greatest item-level gains were recorded in adaptive communication, cultural adaptation of care, and data protection ethics. No significant moderation effects were found for age, gender, or years of experience. Course satisfaction showed a moderate positive correlation with competency gains (r = 0.528), while perceived improvement was not significantly associated with observed score change. A ceiling effect indicated greater gains among participants with lower baseline competencies. The Romanian implementation of the H-PASS training programme was associated with improved self-reported digital health competencies among practicing pharmacists, high-lighting its potential as a scalable model for digital upskilling in healthcare. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmacy Education and Student/Practitioner Training)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

23 pages, 6671 KB

Open AccessArticle

High-Purity, Uniform, and Spherical Hafnium Carbide Nanoparticles Derived from a Novel Amorphous Hafnium-Based Metal–Organic Framework Precursor for the Preparation of High-Performance Ceramics

by Hongzhi Cheng, Jian Gu, Siyuan Kan, Ran Xie, Quan Li, Sinuo Zhang, Junyang Jin, Yang Wang, Jian Yang and Chang-An Wang

Materials 2026, 19(9), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091754 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

A novel amorphous Hf-MOFs precursor was successfully synthesized and converted into HfC nanoparticles via one-step pyrolysis. The effects of metal/ligand molar ratios, solvent types, and pyrolysis temperature were systematically studied. High-purity spherical HfC nanoparticles (44.30 ± 9.63 nm) were obtained at 1500 °C [...] Read more.

A novel amorphous Hf-MOFs precursor was successfully synthesized and converted into HfC nanoparticles via one-step pyrolysis. The effects of metal/ligand molar ratios, solvent types, and pyrolysis temperature were systematically studied. High-purity spherical HfC nanoparticles (44.30 ± 9.63 nm) were obtained at 1500 °C using a 1.5:1 metal/ligand molar ratio with mixed anhydrous ethanol/deionized water solvents. At a pyrolysis temperature of 1700 °C, the as-synthesized HfC nanoparticles possessed an exceptionally low oxygen content of 0.76%, alongside a carbon content of 6.42% that almost perfectly matches the theoretical value of stoichiometric HfC. The formation mechanism involving Hf-O-C coordination and carbothermal reduction was clarified. Additive-free HfC ceramics were fabricated using the as-synthesized HfC nanoparticles via spark plasma sintering (1950 °C, 30 MPa, 20 min). The resulting ceramics exhibited a relative density of 96.7% and a Vickers hardness of 20.2 GPa, both of which are significantly superior to those of ceramics sintered from commercial HfC powders under identical conditions (95.8% and 17.8 GPa, respectively). This work provides a promising and feasible pathway for the preparation of other high-quality ultra-high temperature hafnium-based carbide powders and ceramics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

18 pages, 60393 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mineralogical Characteristics of White Nephrite from Dikou, Fujian Province, Southeastern China

by Shuo Ran and Yingxin Liu

Crystals 2026, 16(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16050284 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Nephrite is a significant jade resource, and systematic investigation of its deposits contributes to regional metallogenic synthesis and exploration targeting. The recently discovered white nephrite deposit in the Dikou area, Fujian Province, remains inadequately characterized. This study presents a comprehensive mineralogical investigation employing [...] Read more.

Nephrite is a significant jade resource, and systematic investigation of its deposits contributes to regional metallogenic synthesis and exploration targeting. The recently discovered white nephrite deposit in the Dikou area, Fujian Province, remains inadequately characterized. This study presents a comprehensive mineralogical investigation employing polarizing microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X-ray powder diffraction and laser Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the mineralogical and petrochemical characteristics of Dikou nephrite and constrain its genesis. The results demonstrate that tremolite constitutes the predominant mineral phase, accompanied by abundant diopside and quartz, with minor dolomite, prehnite, and apatite. Based on subtle compositional variations, tremolite can be categorized into two generations: early metasomatic Tr-I and late-stage Tr-II. All tremolite samples exhibit Fe-depleted, Mg-enriched composition with Mg# > 0.99. The mineral assemblage and textural relationships record multiple episodes of hydrothermal metasomatism. Integrated with the regional geological constraints, the deposit formation is genetically linked to the Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic ocean–continent transition of the South China Plate and is classified as D-type nephrite. The Dikou nephrite exhibits the mineral assemblage typical of dolomite-related deposits, displaying a distinctive felt-like fibrous texture that yields a homogeneous structure and superior aesthetic quality. Its Fe-depleted composition imparts a notably lighter coloration relative to D-type nephrite from other deposits. This study advances understanding of Dikou nephrite genesis, highlights the diversity of metallogenic environments in Fujian Province, and provides a theoretical framework for exploration of analogous deposits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Gem Crystals: Synthesis, Characterization, Genesis and Intelligent Analysis)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 28621 KB

Open AccessArticle

Empagliflozin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via SIRT3: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

by Taoshan Feng, Meilian Liu, Dan Zhong, Xusan Xu, Zhengqiang Luo, Wensen Zhang, Yajun Wang, Riling Chen, Xiaoming Chen and Guoda Ma

Antioxidants 2026, 15(5), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15050543 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has garnered attention for its cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, whether EMPA mitigates DCM by suppressing ferroptosis remains unclear. [...] Read more.

Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, has garnered attention for its cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death, contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, whether EMPA mitigates DCM by suppressing ferroptosis remains unclear. Here, Type 2 diabetic db/db mice were used to establish a DCM model and treated with EMPA (10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. EMPA significantly improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and attenuated ferroptosis, concomitant with upregulated silent information regulator 3 (SIRT3) expression. In the rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) exposed to high glucose and palmitic acid, EMPA treatment or SIRT3 overexpression alleviated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, cellular thermal shift assay and drug affinity responsive target stability assay confirmed that SIRT3 is the drug target of EMPA, stabilizing its protein levels and reducing acetylated p53 expression. Notably, SIRT3 silencing abolished EMPA’s beneficial effects on oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Our findings demonstrate that EMPA exerts cardioprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, which is mediated by SIRT3. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying EMPA’s therapeutic effects in DCM. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 2895 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of a Hybrid Physical–LSTM Model for Air-to-Air Heat Pump Control: Insights from Multi-Day Closed-Loop Simulations in Mediterranean Climate

by Ivica Glavan, Ivan Gospić and Igor Poljak

Modelling 2026, 7(3), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling7030081 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Air-to-air heat pumps are a key technology for improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions in residential buildings, yet their optimal control remains challenging under real-world conditions. This study evaluates the performance of a hybrid physical–LSTM model for controlling an air-to-air heat pump [...] Read more.

Air-to-air heat pumps are a key technology for improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions in residential buildings, yet their optimal control remains challenging under real-world conditions. This study evaluates the performance of a hybrid physical–LSTM model for controlling an air-to-air heat pump in a residential building in Zadar, Croatia. The hybrid framework integrates a first-order energy balance model of the building envelope with LSTM-based temperature correction using adaptive weighting. The physical model was calibrated and validated against 52,128 real IoT measurements collected during the 2024/2025 heating season, achieving high accuracy (RMSE ≈ 0.076 °C). Rolling one-day and continuous multi-day closed-loop simulations (up to 15 days) show that the hybrid model yields slightly lower RMSE in long-term runs compared to the pure physical model. However, this apparent statistical improvement is accompanied by systematic underestimation of indoor temperature and significantly higher simulated energy consumption. The results indicate that the observed effect originates from an implicit virtual heat flux introduced by the LSTM correction, which affects thermodynamic consistency in closed-loop operation. The findings highlight that short-term error metrics such as RMSE alone are insufficient for evaluating hybrid models intended for model predictive control (MPC). The main contribution of this study is the explicit demonstration and quantification of an implicit virtual heat flux generated by the LSTM correction in closed-loop multi-day operation, which leads to misleading statistical improvements while causing significant thermodynamic inconsistency and energy overconsumption. In 15-day continuous simulations the hybrid model (ω = 0.05–0.10) caused an indoor temperature underestimation of 1.25–1.31 °C and increased simulated electricity consumption by more than 300% (316 kWh vs. 72 kWh) compared to the physical model. These results have direct implications for the development of reliable digital twins and model predictive control strategies in residential HVAC systems. Full article

21 pages, 1509 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Submarine Speed on Its Motion in Internal Solitary Waves

by Maolin Wang, Hui Du, Shaodong Wang, Tianyu Zhang, Pu Xuan, Pai Peng, Ruipeng Li and Zhan Wang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2026, 14(9), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse14090786 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Although extensive research has been carried out on the load characteristics of fixed submarines in internal solitary waves, there is still insufficient understanding of the effect of submarine speed on its motion in internal solitary waves. A rapid calculation method for the motion [...] Read more.

Although extensive research has been carried out on the load characteristics of fixed submarines in internal solitary waves, there is still insufficient understanding of the effect of submarine speed on its motion in internal solitary waves. A rapid calculation method for the motion response of a submarine (SUBOFF standard model) in internal solitary waves between two layers of fluid is established in this study, where the internal wave flow field is constructed based on the extended Korteweg-de Vries theory, and the load on the submarine is calculated using the Morison equation. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparison with numerical results and experimental data. The results of the motion response of the submarine when encountering internal solitary waves at different speeds show that there is a significant nonlinear relationship between speed and vertical motion amplitude and maximum pitch angle. A critical speed is further found, beyond which the submarine experiences a secondary falling deep after the initial vertical falling deep. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)

17 pages, 1538 KB

Open AccessArticle

Predictors of First Anti-TNF Treatment Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Single-Center Cohort Study

by Konstantinos C. Mpakogiannis, Paraskevi Chasani, Ioanna Nefeli Mastorogianni, Konstantinos H. Katsanos and Fotios S. Fousekis

Biomedicines 2026, 14(5), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14050984 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Introduction: Despite proven efficacy of anti-TNF agents in inflammatory bowel disease, primary non-response affects up to one-third of patients, while secondary loss of response occurs at 13–21% per patient-year, often requiring dose optimization or switching to alternative advanced therapies. Methods: The [...] Read more.

Introduction: Despite proven efficacy of anti-TNF agents in inflammatory bowel disease, primary non-response affects up to one-third of patients, while secondary loss of response occurs at 13–21% per patient-year, often requiring dose optimization or switching to alternative advanced therapies. Methods: The present single-center cohort study at the University Hospital of Ioannina included biologic-naïve patients receiving anti-TNF therapy as their first biologic treatment. First anti-TNF treatment failure was defined as discontinuation due to persistent IBD activity despite maximal dose optimization (infliximab 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks, adalimumab 40 mg weekly). Patients with measurable anti-drug antibodies prior to anti-TNF dose intensification or discontinuation were excluded. Of 528 anti-TNF-treated patients, 286 (173 with CD, 113 with UC) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final statistical analysis. Results: Anti-TNF failure occurred in 32.7% of Crohn’s (CD) and 32.9% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Multivariable Cox regression identified complicated phenotype (stricturing or/and penetrating CD; HR = 1.9, p = 0.032) and concomitant corticosteroid use at anti-TNF initiation (HR = 2.03, p = 0.012) as independent predictors of anti-TNF failure in CD. Age at CD diagnosis showed a trend for statistical significance (HR = 1.02, p = 0.061), and after stratification, age at diagnosis ≥ 40 years conferred higher risk (HR = 1.93, p = 0.016), alongside persistent effects of complicated phenotype (HR = 1.83, p = 0.027) and corticosteroid use (HR = 2.01, p = 0.013). In UC patients, female sex predicted anti-TNF failure (HR = 2.13, p = 0.025). IBD-related bowel resection occurred in 26.6% of patients with CD and in 5.3% of patients with UC. Conclusions: Anti-TNF failure remains common despite optimization. Identifying immunogenicity-independent predictors may enable personalized treatment strategies and improve outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Translational Immunology in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Mechanisms to Precision Medicine)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 5873 KB

Open AccessArticle

Synergistic Regulation of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Coating and Pseudocapacitive Kinetics in TiO₂ Nanofibers for Enhanced Sodium-Ion Storage

by Fei Guo, Liang Xie, Liangquan Wei, Jinmei Du, Shaohui Zhang, Yuanmiao Xie and Baosheng Liu

Molecules 2026, 31(9), 1418; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31091418 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent a compelling alternative to lithium-ion batteries for grid-scale energy storage, owing to the high natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources, as well as their strategic alignment with national energy security priorities. Nevertheless, the sluggish Na⁺ diffusion [...] Read more.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) represent a compelling alternative to lithium-ion batteries for grid-scale energy storage, owing to the high natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources, as well as their strategic alignment with national energy security priorities. Nevertheless, the sluggish Na⁺ diffusion kinetics and limited specific capacity of anode materials continue to impede practical deployment. Herein, nitrogen-doped carbon-coated TiO₂ nanofibers (TiO₂/C-N) were rationally engineered through a facile electrospinning route integrated with synergistic defect and coating engineering. The in situ-formed N-doped carbon shell establishes a continuous, high-conductivity electron-transport network while simultaneously buffering volumetric strain during repeated (de)sodiation, thereby preserving long-term structural integrity. Electrochemical assessments demonstrate that the TiO₂/C-N electrode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 233.64 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ (initial Coulombic efficiency 54.13%). Quantitative kinetic analysis reveals a pronounced pseudocapacitive contribution of 41.4% at 1.2 mV s⁻¹, confirming a surface-controlled Na⁺ storage pathway that markedly enhances rate capability. Moreover, the electrode retains 245.5 mAh g⁻¹ after 150 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹, underscoring exceptional cycling stability. This work elucidates the synergistic regulation of N-doped carbon coating and pseudocapacitive kinetics in TiO₂-based anodes, offering a robust design strategy for high-rate, long-cycle-life SIB anodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials and Surface Engineering for Sustainable Functional Coatings)

30 pages, 1007 KB

Open AccessArticle

Field-Theoretic Derivation of the Constructal Law from Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

by Antonio F. Miguel

Symmetry 2026, 18(5), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18050732 - 24 Apr 2026

Abstract

Traditional analyses of transport phenomena rely on prescribed geometric boundaries, yet natural flow systems dynamically evolve their architecture to maximize access to currents. To address this disparity, we propose a field-theoretic framework for the constructal law that treats physical geometry as a dynamic [...] Read more.

Traditional analyses of transport phenomena rely on prescribed geometric boundaries, yet natural flow systems dynamically evolve their architecture to maximize access to currents. To address this disparity, we propose a field-theoretic framework for the constructal law that treats physical geometry as a dynamic state variable, represented by a time-dependent conductivity tensor. Using a variational approach grounded in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we derive a general tensor evolution equation. Within this framework, macroscopic flow architecture emerges deterministically from the continuous competition between non-linear flux-induced accretion, linear entropic relaxation, and spatial smoothing. Scaling analysis reduces this dynamic to a tri-parameter dimensionless phase space: a morphogenic number driving structural growth, a structural diffusion number governing spatial coherence, and a stochastic intensity number providing the microscopic seeds for symmetry breaking. Our principal result is the analytical prediction of a critical bifurcation. When the local morphogenic number strictly exceeds unity, the system escapes its stable, isotropic configuration and branches into highly conductive, anisotropic architectures. We demonstrate the predictive validity and trans-scalar applicability of this continuum theory by mapping it to highly diverse phase transitions, successfully capturing phenomena ranging from microscopic aerosol agglomeration and microbial resistance, to macroscopic coral plasticity and crystal growth instabilities, and finally to the astrophysical launching of relativistic jets from black holes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mathematics: Feature Papers 2026)

Recent Articles

Open Access Journals

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

News

Blog Posts

Topics

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Journals by Subject

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI