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15 pages, 308 KB  
Review
Brensocatib—Another Therapeutic “Window of Opportunity” for Patients with Bronchiectasis
by Florin-Dumitru Mihălțan, Ruxandra Ulmeanu and Ancuța-Alina Constantin
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031257 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic, heterogeneous airway disease characterised by irreversible bronchial dilatation, recurrent infections, and persistent inflammation, leading to progressive lung damage, frequent exacerbations, and impaired quality of life. Neutrophil-driven inflammation, largely mediated by excessive activity of neutrophil serine proteases such as [...] Read more.
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic, heterogeneous airway disease characterised by irreversible bronchial dilatation, recurrent infections, and persistent inflammation, leading to progressive lung damage, frequent exacerbations, and impaired quality of life. Neutrophil-driven inflammation, largely mediated by excessive activity of neutrophil serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase, represents a central pathogenic mechanism and an important therapeutic target. Methods: Brensocatib, a first-in-class, selective, and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 (DPP-1), prevents the activation of neutrophil serine proteases during neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow. By reducing downstream protease activity, brensocatib modulates aberrant neutrophilic inflammation without broadly suppressing immune function. Results: Clinical studies, including the Phase-2 WILLOW trial and the Phase-3 ASPEN trial, have demonstrated that brensocatib significantly reduces exacerbation frequency, prolongs time to first exacerbation, and lowers sputum neutrophil protease activity, with a favourable safety profile. Importantly, these benefits were observed across multiple patient subgroups and in addition to standard-of-care therapies. Conclusions: As the first FDA-approved (12 August 2025) mechanism-based therapy for non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, brensocatib represents a paradigm shift toward targeted, precision treatment of neutrophil-mediated airway disease. Its clinical efficacy, biomarker-driven rationale, and potential to reduce antibiotic dependence highlight brensocatib as a cornerstone therapy in bronchiectasis management and a promising strategy for other neutrophil-driven inflammatory conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pulmonary Disease Management and Innovation in Treatment)
24 pages, 13217 KB  
Article
Evolution of the Hydrocarbon Migration System in the Western Region of the Kuqa Foreland Basin
by Hao Zhang, Xiaoxue Wang, Xiaofei Zhao, Mingyu Pu and Xiuxiang Lü
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1591; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031591 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
The western Kuqa Foreland Basin exhibits complex hydrocarbon distribution with unclear accumulation processes. This study integrated seismic data, microscopic observations, crude oil properties, and basin modelling to establish a dynamic hydrocarbon migration model for the study area. The results indicated two distinct accumulation [...] Read more.
The western Kuqa Foreland Basin exhibits complex hydrocarbon distribution with unclear accumulation processes. This study integrated seismic data, microscopic observations, crude oil properties, and basin modelling to establish a dynamic hydrocarbon migration model for the study area. The results indicated two distinct accumulation phases. During the early phase (16–5 Ma), hydrocarbons migrated eastward along a single unconformity and accumulated in the buried-hill reservoir of well E937 in the southern part of the Baicheng hydrocarbon-generating depression. In contrast, the southwestern region failed to accumulate hydrocarbons because of its distance from the Triassic source rock hydrocarbon generation centre and complex migration pathways. During the late phase (5–0 Ma), the Jurassic hydrocarbon generation centre shifted westward, and hydrocarbons migrated through a composite conduit system comprising faults, weathered crust, and sandstone structural ridges. This process promoted the expansion of the eastern E937 well trap, whereas well WEN54 and other southwestern wells exhibited hydrocarbon accumulation potential. The simulation results predicted that hydrocarbon reservoirs in the eastern region were mainly concentrated in the Qiulitage structural belt east of well E938. This study provides a theoretical basis and predictive guidance for hydrocarbon exploration in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Technology for Oil and Nature Gas Exploration)
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24 pages, 662 KB  
Article
Quality-by-Design Compounding of Semisolids Using an Electronic Mortar and Pestle Device for Compounding Pharmacies: Uniformity, Stability, and Cleaning
by Hudson Polonini, Carolina Schettino Kegele, Savvas Koulouridas and Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(2), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18020205 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Manual preparation of semisolid formulations (creams, ointments, gels) is prone to variability in mixing energy and time, which may compromise uniform API distribution. This study aimed to evaluate an Electronic Mortar and Pestle (EMP; Unguator™) as a standardized compounding tool, with [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Manual preparation of semisolid formulations (creams, ointments, gels) is prone to variability in mixing energy and time, which may compromise uniform API distribution. This study aimed to evaluate an Electronic Mortar and Pestle (EMP; Unguator™) as a standardized compounding tool, with objectives to: (i) validate stability-indicating UHPLC methods; (ii) assess content uniformity across jar strata; (iii) quantify the impact of mixing time and rotation speed via design of experiments (DOE); and (iv) verify cleaning effectiveness and cross-contamination risk. Methods: Five representative formulations were compounded: urea 40%, clobetasol 0.05%, diclofenac 2.5% in hyaluronic acid 3% gel, urea 10% + salicylic acid 1%, and hydroquinone 5%. UHPLC methods were validated per ICH Q2(R2) and stress-tested under acid, base, oxidative, thermal, and UV conditions. Homogeneity was assessed by stratified sampling (top/middle/bottom). A 32 factorial DOE (time: 2/6/10 min; speed: 600/1500/2400 rpm) modeled effects on % label claim and RSD. Cleaning validation employed hydroquinone as a tracer, with swab sampling pre-/post-use and post-sanitization analyzed by HPLC. Results: All UHPLC methods met specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity criteria and were stability-indicating (Rs ≥ 1.5). Formulations achieved 90–110% label claim with strata CV ≤ 5%. DOE revealed speed as the dominant factor for clobetasol, urea, and diclofenac, while time was more influential for salicylic acid; gels exhibited curvature, indicating diminishing returns at high rpm. Model-predicted optima were implementable on the Unguator™ with minor rounding of rpm/time. Cleaning validation confirmed post-sanitization residues below LOQ and <10 ppm acceptance. Conclusions: The Unguator™ provides a practical, parameter-controlled route for compounding pharmacies to standardize semisolid preparations, achieving reproducible layer-to-layer content uniformity within predefined criteria under the evaluated conditions through programmable set-points and validated cycles. DOE-derived rpm–time relationships define an operational design space within the studied ranges and support selection of implementable device settings and set-points. Importantly, the DOE-derived “optima” in this study are optimized for assay-based content uniformity (mean % label claim and strata variability). Cleaning validation supports a closed, low-cross-contamination workflow, facilitating consistent routines for both routine and complex formulations. Overall, the work implements selected QbD elements (QTPP—Quality Target Product Profile; CQA—Critical Quality Attribute definition; CPP—Critical Process Parameter identification; operational design space; and a proposed control strategy) and should be viewed as a step toward broader lifecycle QbD implementation in compounding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extemporaneous Formulations: Filling the Gap in the Pharmaceutical Industry with Personalized Medicines, 2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 4024 KB  
Article
Study of Response Characteristics and Strength Parameter Evaluation of Water Intake Tower Under Different Amplitude Modulation Modes
by Xi Chen, Dong Cheng, Binpeng Zhou and Xiaoxiao Liu
Buildings 2026, 16(3), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16030655 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
This study selected a simplified water intake tower model, simplifying the physical structure into a cantilever model, and MATLAB software (R2010b) was used to develop a rapid seismic response analysis program for the structure. Thirty near-fault pulse and non-pulse ground motions were selected [...] Read more.
This study selected a simplified water intake tower model, simplifying the physical structure into a cantilever model, and MATLAB software (R2010b) was used to develop a rapid seismic response analysis program for the structure. Thirty near-fault pulse and non-pulse ground motions were selected as the input ground motions for this analysis. Peak ground velocity (PGV) was used as the intensity parameter for the ground motions. The acceleration, cross-sectional rotation, and lateral curvature of the simplified water intake tower model were calculated for ground motions modulated with different PGA amplitudes. The acceleration, maximum shear force, and cross-sectional rotation of the simplified water intake tower model were also calculated for ground motions modulated with improved effective peak acceleration (IEPA) and improved effective peak velocity (IEPV). The study showed that the seismic response of the simplified water intake tower model for near-fault ground motions modulated with different intensities of PGV amplitude modulation was closer to the unmodulated response order. PGV as an intensity parameter did not affect the acceleration response amplification factor of the water intake tower and hoist chamber. The AC coefficient indicated that PGV was less suitable for pulse-type earthquake amplitude modulation than PGA. Compared with PGA amplitude modulation, IEPA amplitude modulation is more suitable for pulse-type seismic motion, while IEPV amplitude modulation has less impact on pulse-type seismic motion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
16 pages, 3152 KB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification of the MADS-Box Family Reveals Transcriptional Regulation Underlying Heat Stress Response in Pearl Millet
by Zhiyao Zhou, Yarong Jin, Dan Yang, Chunli Mao, Jie Zhu, Wei Luo, Yun Zhong, Yuheng Li, Qinglin Li, Ruiming Yang, Haidong Yan and Linkai Huang
Agriculture 2026, 16(3), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture16030373 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Pearl millet, an African-origin crop with exceptional heat tolerance, maintains normal flowering and seed production even under extremely high temperatures. The MADS-box transcription factor family plays a central role not only in floral organs, but also in abiotic stress responses. However, its specific [...] Read more.
Pearl millet, an African-origin crop with exceptional heat tolerance, maintains normal flowering and seed production even under extremely high temperatures. The MADS-box transcription factor family plays a central role not only in floral organs, but also in abiotic stress responses. However, its specific function in pearl millet’s heat stress response remains unclear. In this study, a total of 63 MADS-box genes were identified. These genes were classified into five subfamilies and distributed across seven chromosomes, with chromosome 6 containing the highest number (12 genes). Additionally, expression analysis revealed that 53 MADS-box genes exhibited increased expression levels following heat stress under high-temperature conditions. Differential expression analysis identified five key MADS-box genes responding to heat stress. Further analysis of their expression trends using qRT-PCR revealed that the expression levels of these genes first increased and then decreased after heat stress treatment, with differences in the timing of peak expression among different genes. PMA1G07218.1 was selected for further functional characterization, which exhibited a significant response to heat stress treatment and reached a peak at 6 h. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that the encoded protein is exclusively nuclear-localized. Through the yeast one-hybrid method (Y1H), we found that PMA1G07218.1 interacts by binding to the AG cis-acting element of F-box gene PMA1G04890.1. These findings provide valuable insight into the role of MADS-box genes in the high-temperature stress response of pearl millet, highlighting PMA1G07218.1 as a promising candidate for enhancing thermotolerance in this species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Breeding Techniques of Forage Crops)
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32 pages, 3333 KB  
Article
Simulation-Based Performance and Cost Optimization of Alkaline Electrolyzers
by Sami Şaban Demirezen, Ahmed Emin Kılıç, Selahattin Çelik, Hasan Ozcan and Bahman Amini Horri
Energies 2026, 19(3), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19030835 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
The acceleration of the green energy transition has reinforced the importance of reliable, cost-effective hydrogen production technologies. Alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) have become a critical option due to their lack of requirement of platinum group metals, as well as their scalability; however, the [...] Read more.
The acceleration of the green energy transition has reinforced the importance of reliable, cost-effective hydrogen production technologies. Alkaline water electrolyzers (AWEs) have become a critical option due to their lack of requirement of platinum group metals, as well as their scalability; however, the materials, geometry, and operating conditions used must be comprehensively evaluated alongside electricity costs. This study presents an approach that directly integrates a COMSOL-based electrochemical polarization model with a techno-economic module and validates the results against published U–J curves and 2024 public LCOH ranges. The scans across the 25 kW–10 MW range show that temperature and separator porosity are the most powerful factors affecting performance; narrow cell gaps significantly reduce ohmic losses, and the electrolyte concentration provides limited additional benefit beyond a certain threshold. KOH outperforms NaOH under most conditions, but the difference between the two electrolytes narrows as temperature increases. Economic analyses confirm that electricity price is the dominant determinant of LCOH; levels of 4–5 $·kg−1 are achievable at the MW scale, while high-cost scenarios reach 7–10 $·kg−1. In conclusion, the study provides a validated and scalable framework for the joint optimization of AWE design and operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section A5: Hydrogen Energy)
18 pages, 525 KB  
Article
Resilient and Engaged: The Role of Kindergarten and Primary School Teachers’ Personal Resources
by Simona De Stasio, Benedetta Ragni, Daniela Paoletti, Palma Menna, Mariacristina Rappazzo, Ilaria Buonomo, Paula Benevene and Carmen Berenguer
Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(2), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16020245 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explores the connections between resilience, work engagement, proactive strategies and personal resources among Italian kindergarten and primary school teachers. It specifically seeks to determine if and how personal resources can foster teachers’ work engagement, resilience, and proactive strategies at work. [...] Read more.
This cross-sectional study explores the connections between resilience, work engagement, proactive strategies and personal resources among Italian kindergarten and primary school teachers. It specifically seeks to determine if and how personal resources can foster teachers’ work engagement, resilience, and proactive strategies at work. The study was conducted using a sample of 183 full-time, in-service kindergarten and primary teachers at public schools in Italy. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, including the Brief Resilience Scale, the Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement, the Proactive Strategy scale, the Self-Compassion Scale, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Experienced compassion at work scale. Data were analyzed using a path analysis model. Results indicated that teachers’ self-compassion was positively associated with the use of proactive strategies and perceived received compassion was strongly related to work engagement. Moreover, higher levels of self-compassion were linked to greater work engagement. Teachers’ optimism and self-compassion were both positively associated with resilience, whereas self-criticism showed a significant negative association. Our research supports the need for educational policymakers and school leaders to focus on personal resources and work-related well-being. Full article
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17 pages, 3430 KB  
Communication
Transcriptional Responses to Chronic Thermal Stress in Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Smolt
by Junwon Kim, Kiyoung Kim, Yaeeun Gil, Eun-Young Yun, Young Chul Kim and Jang-Won Lee
Fishes 2026, 11(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020095 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Understanding the chronic thermal acclimation capacity of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is essential for predicting species resilience and developing mitigation strategies under ocean warming. We investigated the upper limit of chronic thermal acclimation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in chum salmon [...] Read more.
Understanding the chronic thermal acclimation capacity of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is essential for predicting species resilience and developing mitigation strategies under ocean warming. We investigated the upper limit of chronic thermal acclimation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in chum salmon smolts exposed to four constant temperatures (10, 14, 18, and 22 °C) for 6 weeks. Transcriptional responses of genes related to cellular stress protection, endocrine feedback regulation, antioxidant defense, metabolic regulation (AMPKα and mTOR), and protein degradation were quantified in the liver, skeletal muscle, and brain. Chronic exposure to elevated temperature elicited tissue-specific molecular responses, with the most pronounced effects observed at 22 °C. At this temperature, all tissues showed marked induction of heat shock proteins and ubiquitin, accompanied by suppression of antioxidant defenses, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, and AMPKα–mTOR-mediated metabolic regulation, particularly in the liver and muscle. These responses were consistent with previously reported impairments in growth performance, lipid reserves, and hematological indices from the same growth trial. In contrast, smolts maintained at 18 °C exhibited molecular signatures indicative of effective physiological compensation without severe cellular stress. Collectively, these results indicate that chum salmon smolts can acclimate to chronic warming up to 18 °C, whereas exposure to 22 °C exceeds their acclimation capacity and induces a tertiary stress response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Responses in Fish)
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10 pages, 832 KB  
Article
Is Systematic Biopsy Mandatory in All MRI-Guided Fusion Prostate Biopsies? A Machine Learning Prediction Model
by Omer Longo, Gil Raviv and Miki Haifler
Cancers 2026, 18(3), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18030517 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Objectives: To develop a prediction model able to accurately predict which patients will harbor higher risk prostate cancer in the systematic biopsy template compared to the targeted biopsy during MRI/US fusion biopsy. Methods: We included patients who underwent fusion biopsy. Clinical and radiographic [...] Read more.
Objectives: To develop a prediction model able to accurately predict which patients will harbor higher risk prostate cancer in the systematic biopsy template compared to the targeted biopsy during MRI/US fusion biopsy. Methods: We included patients who underwent fusion biopsy. Clinical and radiographic variables were collected from patients' records. The outcome of the model was higher risk prostate cancer in the systematic compared with targeted biopsies. An extreme gradient boosting model was trained and tested. We evaluated variable importance and clinical benefit. Results: Five hundred and twenty-nine patients were included. Eighty-two (15.5%) patients had higher risk prostate cancer in the systematic biopsies. The area under the ROC curve and negative predictive value were 0.82 and 0.92, respectively. The four most important features for outcome prediction were prostate volume, PSAD, patient’s age, and PSA. The decision curve showed increased clinical benefit of our model at threshold probabilities of 0–0.5. Limitations include the retrospective design of the study and the lack of external validation of the model. Conclusions: We developed a prediction model able to accurately predict which patients must undergo systematic and targeted biopsy. This prediction model has the potential to help in the decision whether to perform SB and thus may lower the adverse event rate while keeping a high detection rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Quantitative Imaging, AI, and Novel Imaging Techniques for Precision Radiology in Prostate Cancer)
15 pages, 2057 KB  
Article
Sustainable Nutrient Optimization Through Home-Generated Compost: Comparative Evidence for Enhanced Agroecosystem Performance
by Ionela-Simona Popescu, Violeta-Carolina Niculescu, Claudia Șandru and Cristina Ileana Covaliu-Mierlă
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031604 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
The recycling of organic waste is a key element of the circular economy, particularly in response to the increasing generation of biodegradable residues. Composting provides a sustainable solution that supports waste management while improving soil fertility; however, its agronomic value depends on the [...] Read more.
The recycling of organic waste is a key element of the circular economy, particularly in response to the increasing generation of biodegradable residues. Composting provides a sustainable solution that supports waste management while improving soil fertility; however, its agronomic value depends on the feedstock origin, composting method, and maturity. This study compares three compost types, two home-produced (C1, C2) and one industrial (C3), to assess their suitability for agricultural application. The chemical characterization included macronutrients and micronutrients, heavy metals, and the humus content, while biological performance was evaluated through seed germination and root growth tests. C1 was nutrient-poor, especially in nitrogen and calcium, indicating the need for supplementation. C2 exhibited high potassium and moisture levels but elevated sodium concentrations, suggesting potential salinity issues. C3 showed high calcium and magnesium contents, moderate nitrogen, and low sodium, making it suitable for calcium-demanding crops. Overall, the home-produced composts demonstrated superior humus quality and more positive effects on plant development than the industrial compost, highlighting their potential as sustainable soil amendments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Resource and Waste Management for Environmental Protection)
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11 pages, 267 KB  
Article
Effect of Music-Based Interventions on Dental Anxiety During Restorative Dental Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Merve İşcan Yapar, Neslihan Çelik, Murat Şentürk, Tubanur Çebi Akyüz, Murat Daşhan and Ahmet Kızıltunç
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(3), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15031256 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common clinical problem that negatively affects patient cooperation, treatment acceptance, and physiological stability during dental procedures. This randomized controlled clinical trial study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and stress responses [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common clinical problem that negatively affects patient cooperation, treatment acceptance, and physiological stability during dental procedures. This randomized controlled clinical trial study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of music-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and stress responses during restorative dental treatment. The null hypothesis was that music exposure would not result in significant differences in anxiety levels or physiological stress parameters compared with standard dental care. Methods: Seventy-five patients with moderate to high pre-treatment dental anxiety (MDAS ≥10) were randomly assigned to three groups: classical music, Turkish music, and control (no music) (n = 25 per group). Anxiety levels were assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Restorations were performed using a standardized adhesive protocol. Physiological parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO₂), as well as salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase levels, were measured before and after restorative treatment. Salivary cortisol and amylase levels were measured using a Human ELISA Kit. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Both music groups showed significant reductions in SBP, DBP, HR, cortisol, amylase, and MDAS scores compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Oxygen saturation increased significantly in the music groups, whereas it decreased significantly in the control group. There were no significant differences between classical and Turkish music regarding their anxiety-reducing effects. Conclusions: Music-based interventions effectively reduce dental anxiety and physiological stress during restorative dental procedures. This study is novel in simultaneously evaluating subjective anxiety scores and multiple physiological and biochemical stress markers in adult patients undergoing restorative treatment, supporting music as a simple and non-invasive adjunct in clinical dentistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine)
12 pages, 693 KB  
Article
Neurotransmitter Mechanisms of Ketamine and Ketamine–Magnesium Sulfate-Induced Hypothermia: Evidence for Serotonergic and Adrenergic Involvement Without GABAA Contributions
by Katarina Savić Vujović, Sonja Vučković, Lara Samardžić, Branislava Medić, Dragana Srebro, Ana Jotić and Ivana Ćirković
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(2), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020189 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Background: Ketamine and magnesium sulfate are commonly used perioperatively to prevent shivering, a frequent and clinically relevant complication of spinal and general anesthesia. Although their hypothermic effects are well documented, the neurotransmitter mechanisms underlying these effects remain insufficiently understood. This study examines whether [...] Read more.
Background: Ketamine and magnesium sulfate are commonly used perioperatively to prevent shivering, a frequent and clinically relevant complication of spinal and general anesthesia. Although their hypothermic effects are well documented, the neurotransmitter mechanisms underlying these effects remain insufficiently understood. This study examines whether serotonergic, adrenergic (α2), and GABAergic (GABAA) systems contribute to hypothermia induced by ketamine and a ketamine–magnesium sulfate combination. Methods: Body temperature was measured in Wistar rats after administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg) or the ketamine (5 mg/kg)–magnesium sulfate (5 mg/kg) combination. To assess neurotransmitter involvement, animals received yohimbine (α2 antagonist), methysergide (non-selective 5-HT antagonist), or bicuculline (GABAA antagonist) prior to ketamine or the drug combination. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Yohimbine at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg significantly potentiated ketamine-induced hypothermia, while only 3 mg/kg enhanced the effect of the ketamine–magnesium sulfate combination. Methysergide had a bidirectional influence: 1 mg/kg methysergide deepened ketamine-induced hypothermia, whereas 0.5 mg/kg methysergide attenuated the hypothermic effect of the ketamine–magnesium sulfate combination. Bicuculline (1–2 mg/kg) did not alter the hypothermic responses to ketamine or the combination. Conclusions: These findings indicate that ketamine- and ketamine–magnesium sulfate-induced hypothermia is primarily modulated by serotonergic and adrenergic mechanisms, whereas GABAA receptor-dependent pathways do not appear to play a major role under the experimental conditions used. These results provide new mechanistic insights into NMDA antagonist–related thermoregulation and may help inform anesthetic strategies for shivering prevention and maintenance of perioperative thermal stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Neuropharmacology and Neuropathology)
30 pages, 525 KB  
Article
Beyond Tax Shields: Re-Examination of Sustainable Transition of the Real Estate Sector in China
by Un Loi Lao
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1603; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031603 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
This study proposes a dual-shield framework to elucidate the capital structure dynamics within China’s policy-intensive real estate sector. We delineate a coercive policy shield wherein binding regulations supersede market-based incentives, and a proactive sustainability shield which recognizes how superior environmental performance can lead [...] Read more.
This study proposes a dual-shield framework to elucidate the capital structure dynamics within China’s policy-intensive real estate sector. We delineate a coercive policy shield wherein binding regulations supersede market-based incentives, and a proactive sustainability shield which recognizes how superior environmental performance can lead to reduced financing costs. Analyzing data from Chinese A-share firms during 2003 to 2021, we present robust evidence that supports both mechanisms. Notably, the effect of the debt tax shield is diminished in real estate sectors, underscoring the policy shield’s ability to negate traditional financial incentives. In addition, the macroprudential tightening implemented in 2017 has disproportionately disrupted leverage adjustments, especially among firms subsequently affected by the “Three Red Lines” policy. Rigorous quasi-experimental analyses additionally illustrate that green bond issuers experience a significant and enduring reduction in their cost of debt, thereby establishing a substantive sustainability shield. Our findings contribute to the literature on sustainable finance by conceptualizing approaches that extend beyond tax shields, effectively integrating regulatory and market forces to align the capital structures with objectives for sustainable transition. Full article
30 pages, 9581 KB  
Article
Maternal Nutrient Restriction Programs Fetal Hepatic DNA Methylation in Ovine Monozygotic Twins
by Megan E. Miller, Emilie C. Baker and Michael C. Satterfield
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031553 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) heightens disease susceptibility in offspring through epigenetic modifications that alter the development of essential organs. This study investigates how restriction alters the fetal sheep hepatic methylome and its potential regulatory influence on gene expression. Using a monozygotic twin model [...] Read more.
Maternal nutrient restriction (MNR) heightens disease susceptibility in offspring through epigenetic modifications that alter the development of essential organs. This study investigates how restriction alters the fetal sheep hepatic methylome and its potential regulatory influence on gene expression. Using a monozygotic twin model generated through embryo splitting, we examined hepatic DNA methylation responses to maternal nutrient restriction (50% vs. 100% NRC nutritional requirements; n = 4 per group) from gestational day (GD) 35 to 135 in pregnant sheep. At GD 135, conceptus (fetal–placental unit) development was assessed; although fetal weight was unaffected (p > 0.10), restricted fetuses exhibited reduced liver mass (p < 0.05). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of fetal liver identified 1,636,305 differentially methylated CpG sites (dmCpGs) in the Group-Level Analyses and 42,231 dmCpGs in the Twin-Pair Analyses. At the Group-Level, 40,533 promoter, 126,667 exonic, and 785,381 intronic sites were identified, whereas the Twin-Pair subset contained 1314, 7116, and 22,239, respectively. Site-level shifts and functional enrichment across features highlighted GPCR–cAMP/calcium–PI3K/AKT signaling, phosphoinositide metabolism, ECM/integrin–focal adhesion networks, thyroid hormone signaling, and Rho-family GTPases. These findings indicate that maternal nutrient restriction modifies the fetal hepatic methylome through coordinated signaling, metabolic, and structural reconfigurations that create conditions conducive to metabolic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
31 pages, 2074 KB  
Article
A Multi-Model Dynamic Selection Framework Using Deep Contextual Bandits for Urban Traffic Flow Prediction in Large-Scale Road Networks
by Silai Chen, Shengfeng Mao, Zongcheng Zhang, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Yunxia Wu, Yangsheng Jiang and Zhihong Yao
Mathematics 2026, 14(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14030566 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
To address the challenge of model selection in large-scale traffic flow prediction tasks, this paper proposes a dynamic multi-model selection framework based on Deep Contextual Bandits (DCB). Centered on the optimal combination of sub-models, the framework leverages contextual information of road segments to [...] Read more.
To address the challenge of model selection in large-scale traffic flow prediction tasks, this paper proposes a dynamic multi-model selection framework based on Deep Contextual Bandits (DCB). Centered on the optimal combination of sub-models, the framework leverages contextual information of road segments to select dynamically among candidate predictors, achieving more efficient and accurate traffic flow prediction. Several mechanisms are introduced to improve strategy learning and convergence, including a baseline network, experience replay, double-model estimation, and prioritized experience sampling. A clustering-based strategy is further designed to reduce the search space and enhance the generalization and transferability. Experiments on real-world traffic datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms traditional static fusion methods, reinforcement learning (RL) baselines, and mainstream spatiotemporal prediction models. In particular, the framework yields a 1.0% improvement in R2 and a 3.2% reduction in MAE compared to state-of-the-art baselines, while reducing inference time by 43.1%. Moreover, the proposed framework shows strong capability in adaptive model selection under varying contexts, with ablation studies confirming the effectiveness of its key components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Mathematical Methods to Transportation: Modeling and Analysis)
23 pages, 24145 KB  
Article
Data-Driven Parameter Design of Broadband Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Arrays Using Tandem Neural Networks
by Zhiyan Cai, Rensong Yin, Chong Liu, Lingyun Yao, Rongxing Wu and Hui Chen
Micromachines 2026, 17(2), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17020210 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Broadband piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are attractive for powering self-sustained sensing nodes in industrial monitoring, structural health monitoring, and distributed IoT systems, where ambient vibration spectra are often uncertain, drifting, and broadband. However, tuning multiple resonant peaks in PEH arrays usually relies on [...] Read more.
Broadband piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are attractive for powering self-sustained sensing nodes in industrial monitoring, structural health monitoring, and distributed IoT systems, where ambient vibration spectra are often uncertain, drifting, and broadband. However, tuning multiple resonant peaks in PEH arrays usually relies on time-consuming finite element (FE) parameter sweeps or iterative optimizations, which becomes a practical bottleneck when rapid, site-specific customization is required. This study presents a data-driven inverse-design framework for a five-beam PEH array based on a tandem neural network (TNN). A forward multilayer perceptron (MLP) surrogate is first trained using 10,000 COMSOL-generated samples to predict the array’s characteristic frequencies from the design variables (end masses M1–M5 and tilt angle α), achieving >98% prediction accuracy with a prediction time <1 s, thereby enabling efficient replacement of repeated FE evaluations during design. The trained MLP is then coupled with an inverse-design network to form the TNN, which maps target characteristic-frequency sets directly to physically feasible parameters through the learned surrogate. Multiple representative target frequency sets are demonstrated, and the TNN-generated designs are independently verified by COMSOL frequency–response simulations. The resulting arrays achieve broadband operation, with bandwidths exceeding 10Hz. By shifting most computational cost to offline dataset generation and training, the proposed spectrum-to-parameter pathway enables near-instant parameter design and reduces reliance on exhaustive FE tuning, supporting rapid, application-specific deployment of broadband PEH arrays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Piezoelectric Microdevices for Energy Harvesting)
17 pages, 1778 KB  
Article
Differentiating Borderline from Malignant Ovarian-Adnexal Tumours: A Multimodal Predictive Approach Joining Clinical, Analytic, and MRI Parameters
by Lledó Cabedo, Carmen Sebastià, Meritxell Munmany, Adela Saco, Eduardo Gallardo, Olatz Sáenz de Argandoña, Gonzalo Peón, Josep Lluís Carrasco and Carlos Nicolau
Cancers 2026, 18(3), 516; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18030516 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Objectives: To improve the differentiation of borderline ovarian-adnexal tumours (BOTs) from malignant ovarian-adnexal masses, most of which fall into the indeterminate O-RADS MRI 4 category, by developing a multimodal predictive model that integrates clinical, analytic, and MRI parameters. Methods: This retrospective, single-centre study [...] Read more.
Objectives: To improve the differentiation of borderline ovarian-adnexal tumours (BOTs) from malignant ovarian-adnexal masses, most of which fall into the indeterminate O-RADS MRI 4 category, by developing a multimodal predictive model that integrates clinical, analytic, and MRI parameters. Methods: This retrospective, single-centre study included 248 women who underwent standardised MRI for ovarian-adnexal mass characterisation between 2019 and 2024. Of these, 201 had true ovarian-adnexal masses (114 benign, 22 borderline, and 65 malignant), confirmed by histopathology or stability after ≥12-month follow-up. Forty-one clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables were initially assessed, and after a bivariate evaluation, 18 final predictors with clinical relevance were selected for model construction with thresholds learned from the data. A classification and regression tree (CART) model (“Full Model”) was applied as a second-stage tool after O-RADS MRI scoring, using 10-fold cross-validation to prevent overfitting. A pruned “Simplified Model” was also derived to enhance interpretability. Results: O-RADS MRI performed well at the extremes (scores 2–3 and 5) but showed limited discrimination between BOTs and malignancies within category 4 (PPV for borderline = 0.50). The decision-tree models significantly improved diagnostic performance, increasing overall accuracy from 0.856 with O-RADS MRI alone to 0.905 (Simplified Model) and 0.955 (Full Model). The PPV for BOTs within the intermediate O-RADS MRI 4 category increased from 0.49 with O-RADS MRI alone to 0.77 and 0.90 with the simplified and full models, respectively, while maintaining high accuracy for benign and malignant lesions. Conclusions: In this retrospective single-centre cohort, the addition of an interpretable rule-based predictive model as a second-line tool within O-RADS MRI category 4 was associated with improved discrimination between borderline and invasive malignant ovarian-adnexal tumours. These findings suggest that multimodal integration of clinical, laboratory, and MRI features may help refine risk stratification in indeterminate cases; however, external validation in prospective multicentre cohorts is required before clinical implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
26 pages, 2056 KB  
Article
Collaborative Transportation Strategies for the “First-Mile” of Agricultural Product Upward Logistics Under Government Subsidies
by Zhisen Zhang, Qian Hu and Haiyan Wang
Sustainability 2026, 18(3), 1602; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18031602 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Logistics alliance and integrated passenger-freight transit are two widely adopted collaborative logistics modes in rural areas. With the rapid development of agricultural e-commerce, rural “first-mile” logistics has become critical for agricultural products' upward circulation, but remains constrained by high costs and insufficient service [...] Read more.
Logistics alliance and integrated passenger-freight transit are two widely adopted collaborative logistics modes in rural areas. With the rapid development of agricultural e-commerce, rural “first-mile” logistics has become critical for agricultural products' upward circulation, but remains constrained by high costs and insufficient service provision. Existing studies mainly focus on a single transportation mode and pay limited attention to logistics service providers’ strategic choice among alternative modes under government intervention. Using a Stackelberg game framework, this study models the interaction among the government, a logistics service provider, and a rural bus company, and analyzes transportation mode choice and subsidy effectiveness. The results show that government subsidies improve rural “first-mile” logistics service levels and stimulate demand for cargo collection services. Transportation mode choice is jointly influenced by market share, service cost coefficient, and subsidy intensity. Large-scale logistics service providers tend to adopt the integrated passenger-freight transit mode when subsidies are insufficient, and prefer the logistics alliance mode when subsidy support becomes adequate. These findings suggest that subsidy policies should consider fiscal capacity and regional operating costs: the integrated passenger-freight transit is more suitable under limited budgets, while the logistics alliance becomes preferable for promoting regional logistics development when sufficient subsidies can be sustained. Full article
34 pages, 921 KB  
Review
Plant Transcription Factors: Molecular Mechanisms in Cadmium (Cd) Detoxification and Applications for Reducing Cd Accumulation in Rice Grains
by Zebin Cai, Xinxin Xu, Yao Cao, Qingxian Mo and Jicai Yi
Agronomy 2026, 16(3), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16030382 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity threatens global food security and agricultural sustainability. Transcription factors (TFs) act as master regulators of the complex molecular networks involved in Cd detoxification. This review provides a focused synthesis of the molecular mechanisms governing Cd tolerance in plants, encompassing antioxidant [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity threatens global food security and agricultural sustainability. Transcription factors (TFs) act as master regulators of the complex molecular networks involved in Cd detoxification. This review provides a focused synthesis of the molecular mechanisms governing Cd tolerance in plants, encompassing antioxidant defense, Cd chelation and sequestration, Cd uptake and transport, signal transduction, and damage repair pathways. We highlight the pivotal roles of key TFs in these specific processes, such as OsMYB45 in antioxidant defense, OsIRO2 in regulating chelation and storage, OsNAC5 in modulating Cd transport, and OsE2F in facilitating the repair of DNA and protein damage. Furthermore, we evaluate the potential of harnessing these TF-mediated regulatory mechanisms for developing low-Cd rice varieties. By delineating precise correlations between specific TFs and detoxification pathways, this review proposes actionable molecular strategies to mitigate Cd contamination, thereby contributing to ecological and food safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Nutrient Stress Responses in Crops: From Physiology to Epigenetics)
21 pages, 783 KB  
Article
Molecular Resources for the Stored Grain Cryptolestes Cryptic Pest Species (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)
by Wee Tek Tay, Melissa Piper, Stephen Beckett, Daniele Kunz and Paul De Barro
Diversity 2026, 18(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/d18020096 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Recent evolutionary genetics and molecular characterisation of Cryptolestes (Ganglbauer) stored grain pest beetle species revealed gaps in public DNA databases that resulted in molecular diagnostic inconsistencies in publicly available sequence databases. We report the characterisation of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) genes [...] Read more.
Recent evolutionary genetics and molecular characterisation of Cryptolestes (Ganglbauer) stored grain pest beetle species revealed gaps in public DNA databases that resulted in molecular diagnostic inconsistencies in publicly available sequence databases. We report the characterisation of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) genes from specimens intercepted during Australia’s border biosecurity inspections, and surveys of public mtCOI gene sequences, for Cryptolestes species status re-assessment. We identified and characterised a new putative Cryptolestes species (C. sp. ‘WTT-2016’) and demonstrated the close evolutionary relationships between C. ferrugineus (Stephens)/C. pusilloides (Steel and Howe) and between C. pusillus (Schonherr) and the previously identified C. sp. ‘WTT-2013’ cryptic species. Confusion between C. ferrugineus, C. pusiolloides, C. pusillus, C. sp. ‘WTT-2013’, and C. sp. ‘WTT-2016’ highlighted a substantial and persistent taxonomic challenge within Cryptolestes, while low C. spartii (Curtis)/C. corticinus (Reitter) inter-specific genetic distances suggested they were the same species. Assembled and annotated mitochondrial DNA genomes (mitogenomes) of six Cryptolestes species identified assembly errors in published mitogenomes of C. ferrugineus and C. turcicus (Grouvelle) and misidentification of C. pusillus. Based on re-evaluation of genetic distances and phylogeny congruence, we proposed a Cryptolestes ‘operational species-level genetic gap’ at approximately 5% to help define Cryptolestes species boundaries, thereby contributing to improving agricultural biosecurity preparedness associated with this important stored grain beetle species. Our work also provides an evolutionary framework that will contribute to future understanding of ecological and environmental impact posed by this highly invasive cryptic beetle species complex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Diversity)
33 pages, 2564 KB  
Review
Iron (Oxyhydr) Oxides in Heterogeneous Fenton Processes: Structure-Activity Relationships in Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Pathways
by Yi Wang, Yufan Chen and Deli Wu
Catalysts 2026, 16(2), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16020169 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Iron (oxyhydr)oxides serve as foundational catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton systems, yet their catalytic efficacy varies significantly across distinct mineral species. This review systematically explores the structure-activity relationships governing these variations to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying catalytic mechanisms. The intrinsic physicochemical [...] Read more.
Iron (oxyhydr)oxides serve as foundational catalysts in heterogeneous Fenton systems, yet their catalytic efficacy varies significantly across distinct mineral species. This review systematically explores the structure-activity relationships governing these variations to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying catalytic mechanisms. The intrinsic physicochemical properties of various mineral phases are examined to elucidate how structural features influence the formation of reactive species, including the highly reactive hydroxyl radical, substrate-dependent high-valent Fe(IV)-oxo species, and selective singlet oxygen generated from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition. Furthermore, recent optimization strategies aimed at overcoming kinetic barriers and enhancing reaction selectivity are summarized. The discussion concludes with an outlook on future research directions, including catalyst evolution under reaction conditions and the characterization of reactive intermediates, while providing a theoretical framework for the rational design of iron-based catalysts with enhanced stability and oxidative performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Catalysis)
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16 pages, 3760 KB  
Article
Critical Review of Cp Calculation Within the Fluidized Bed of Cement Rotary Kilns
by Evanthia Kostarellou, Evdokia Gkagkari, Michail Mouratidis, Theodoros Damartzis, George Skevis, Alexandros Katsinos, Thomas Kaimakamis, Ananias Tomboulides, Vasileios K. Michalis, Vasileios Stroungaris, Nikolaos Poulianas, Marios S. Katsiotis, Akrivi Asimakopoulou and Ioannis N. Tsimpanogiannis
Physchem 2026, 6(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem6010010 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
One thermodynamic parameter that is crucial to heat transport within the fluidized bed inside the rotary kiln, during clinker production, is the specific heat capacity. The particular parameter is often considered constant in the open literature, while, in reality, it strongly depends on [...] Read more.
One thermodynamic parameter that is crucial to heat transport within the fluidized bed inside the rotary kiln, during clinker production, is the specific heat capacity. The particular parameter is often considered constant in the open literature, while, in reality, it strongly depends on the fluidized bed’s temperature and composition, considering that the temperature inside the kiln ranges from approx. 800 K up to 2000 K. For the current study, a mixing rule reported in the literature was applied in order to calculate the Cp of the fluidized bed, utilizing temperature and composition profiles available in the literature. An in-house code was developed for the comparison of the literature-reported Cps and those resulting from the mixing rule. It was discovered that the Cp of the fluidized bed had a proportional increase with the increase in the temperature along the length of the kiln. The deviation between the two values (calculated and literature) is relatively small in some cases, whereas, in others, it is quite significant, ranging from 1.56% to 52.49%, thus making the adoption of the temperature-dependence of Cp necessary. Establishing a more accurate relation for the specific heat capacity leads to a better energy balance inside the kiln, which, along with other improvements, can lead to a decrease in the energy consumed and a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Kinetics and Thermodynamics)
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28 pages, 4075 KB  
Article
DCDW-YOLOv11: An Intelligent Defect-Detection Method for Key Transmission-Line Equipment
by Dezhi Wang, Riqing Song, Minghui Liu, Xingqian Wang, Chengyu Zhang, Ziang Wang and Dongxue Zhao
Sensors 2026, 26(3), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26031029 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
The detection of defects in key transmission-line equipment under complex environments often suffers from insufficient accuracy and reliability due to background interference and multi-scale feature variations. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved defect detection model based on YOLOv11, named DCDW-YOLOv11. [...] Read more.
The detection of defects in key transmission-line equipment under complex environments often suffers from insufficient accuracy and reliability due to background interference and multi-scale feature variations. To address this issue, this paper proposes an improved defect detection model based on YOLOv11, named DCDW-YOLOv11. The model introduces deformable convolution C2f_DCNv3 in the backbone network to enhance adaptability to geometric deformations of targets, and incorporates the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to highlight defect features while suppressing background interference. In the detection head, a dynamic head structure (DyHead) is adopted to achieve cross-layer multi-scale feature fusion and collaborative perception, along with the WIoU loss function to optimize bounding box regression and sample weight allocation. Experimental results demonstrate that on the transmission-line equipment defect dataset, DCDW-YOLOv11 achieves an accuracy, recall, and mAP of 94.4%, 92.8%, and 96.3%, respectively, representing improvements of 2.8%, 7.0%, and 4.4% over the original YOLOv11, and outperforming other mainstream detection models. The proposed method can provide high-precision and highly reliable defect detection support for intelligent inspection of transmission lines in complex scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Image Processing and Analysis for Object Detection: 3rd Edition)
34 pages, 2274 KB  
Review
Deep Biological Clocks in Critical Care Medicine: A Scoping Review Toward Translational Precision Care
by Ithamar Cheyne, Magdalena Voinič, Tara Radaideh, Abdullah Daher, Julia Niezgoda, Maja Anna Romanowska and Małgorzata Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz
J. Pers. Med. 2026, 16(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16020092 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Background: Outcomes after critical illness vary markedly despite similar diagnoses and severity scores, underscoring the limitations of chronological age and conventional Intensive Care Unit (ICU) prognostic tools. Personalization of critical care is increasingly essential to improve not only short-term survival but also [...] Read more.
Background: Outcomes after critical illness vary markedly despite similar diagnoses and severity scores, underscoring the limitations of chronological age and conventional Intensive Care Unit (ICU) prognostic tools. Personalization of critical care is increasingly essential to improve not only short-term survival but also long-term post-discharge outcomes. Biological aging clocks provide a quantitative framework to capture physiological reserve, immune competence, and vulnerability to stress. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of original human studies published between January 2015 and October 2025 that evaluated biological aging biomarkers in adult ICU populations. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched, with backward citation screening. Results: Across epigenetic, telomere-based, cfDNA, proteomic, metabolomic, and phenotypic aging measures, accelerated biological aging was consistently associated with increased mortality, organ dysfunction, and post-ICU vulnerability. Despite substantial methodological heterogeneity, a convergent signal emerged linking inflammation-weighted and stress-responsive deep biological clocks to clinically meaningful outcomes in critically ill patients. Conclusions: Biological aging biomarkers represent a mechanistically grounded approach to personalized prognostication in critical care. From a translational perspective, deep biological clocks hold promise for personalized risk stratification, prognostication, and the identification of high-risk recovery phenotypes, although prospective validation and implementation studies are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergency and Critical Care in the Context of Personalized Medicine)
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23 pages, 2299 KB  
Article
Optimization of Oil Production Using Sucker Rod Pumps via Predictive Elimination of Paraffin Issues
by Stevica Jankov, Borivoj Novaković, Milan Marković, Uroš Šarenac, Dejan Landup, Velibor Premčevski and Luka Đorđević
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(3), 1590; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16031590 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
This paper explores the application of predictive maintenance (PdM) to address paraffin deposition in sucker rod pump systems used for oil production. System maintenance has become critical for enhancing efficiency and reducing costs, while PdM, supported by advanced analytics and sensors, enables downtime [...] Read more.
This paper explores the application of predictive maintenance (PdM) to address paraffin deposition in sucker rod pump systems used for oil production. System maintenance has become critical for enhancing efficiency and reducing costs, while PdM, supported by advanced analytics and sensors, enables downtime prediction and maintenance optimization. Paraffin deposition is a significant problem in the oil industry, as it diminishes production capacity and increases expenses. This paper presents the use of the SCADA system, which enables the collection and analysis of data in real time. Furthermore, it proposes diagnostic methods for early detection of paraffin deposition using predictive maintenance, offering timely warnings to prevent production delays. While the proposed framework relies on interpretable statistical and physics-informed predictive models, the results indicate that further improvements could be achieved by integrating advanced artificial intelligence techniques to enhance adaptability, automation, and decision support in predictive maintenance systems. Full article
15 pages, 406 KB  
Article
Amino-Acid-Balanced Low-Protein Diets Reduce Nitrogen Excretion Without Affecting Growth Performance in Broilers
by Fumika Nanto-Hara, Tomoka Ema and Haruhiko Ohtsu
Animals 2026, 16(3), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16030494 - 4 Feb 2026
Abstract
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry is essential for climate change mitigation. In poultry production, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from composted manure are a major concern because they are closely associated with nitrogen content in the manure. This study [...] Read more.
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock industry is essential for climate change mitigation. In poultry production, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from composted manure are a major concern because they are closely associated with nitrogen content in the manure. This study investigated whether feeding broilers amino-acid-balanced low-crude-protein (AALP) diets throughout the entire rearing period could reduce nitrogen excretion without affecting growth performance. Thirty-six male broiler chicks were assigned to a control diet or an AALP diet, and nitrogen excretion was estimated over 50 days using chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Overall growth performance was maintained in the AALP group, with a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio during the grower phase. Organ weights were largely unaffected, although liver weight tended to increase. Nitrogen excretion was significantly reduced at most time points in the AALP group, with a cumulative reduction of 31.1% compared to the control, as estimated by model-based integration over days 7–47. These findings suggest that our designed AALP diets can effectively reduce nitrogen excretion while maintaining productivity, thereby contributing to sustainable poultry production and supporting national climate goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Sustainable Poultry Production: Innovations in Management and Nutrition)
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