Advancing Open Science

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures rich spectral information across a wide range of wavelengths, enabling advanced applications in remote sensing, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, and related domains. However, the high dimensionality, spectral variability, and inherent noise of HSI data present significant challenges for efficient processing and reliable analysis. In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have emerged as transformative deep learning paradigms, demonstrating strong capabilities in data generation, augmentation, feature learning, and representation modeling. Consequently, the integration of GANs into HSI analysis has gained substantial research attention, resulting in a diverse range of architectures tailored to HSI-specific tasks. Despite these advances, existing survey studies often focus on isolated problems or individual application domains, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the broader GAN–HSI landscape. To address this gap, this paper presents a comprehensive review of GAN-based hyperspectral imaging research. The review systematically examines the evolution of GAN–HSI integration, categorizes representative GAN architectures, analyzes domain-specific applications, and discusses commonly adopted hyperparameter tuning strategies. Furthermore, key research challenges and open issues are identified, and promising future research directions are outlined. This synergy addresses critical hyperspectral data analysis challenges while unlocking transformative innovations across multiple sectors.

Sometimes, mandatory rules for eradicating pathogens specifically target crops that hold intrinsic economic value, cultural heritage, and are a lucrative tourist attraction as well as an appealing part of the landscape due to their historical presence in the region. An example of this is the introduction of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp), mainly vectored by Philaenus spumarius to olive groves in Apulia. Twelve years after the first official report on its presence and numerous studies, this review aims to reconsider some of the quarantine measures in place to prevent the spread of Xfp. Surveys carried out within the demarcated areas have shown a low incidence of Xfp over the years ranging from 0.06% to 0.70%. Furthermore, the bacterium is now present throughout the region, from the south to the north, potentially suggesting that the bacterium may be endemic in the region. Epidemiological models have indicated low or negligible infectivity for asymptomatic trees. Rigorous vector control, achieved through the mechanical removal of eggs and juvenile forms, coupled with the contemporary reduction in the Xfp load within the olive crown using bactericidal compounds, could effectively reduce the spread of Xfp in both infected and demarcated areas. These actions could also serve as preventive measures in current free areas. Once the prevalence of both vectors and Xfp is low, only olive trees in demarcated areas that test positive for the bacterium should be uprooted. Trees within a 50 m radius of an Xfp-positive olive tree should not be removed if they test negative for Xfp upon detection.

Background/Objectives: Combination therapy for schizophrenia may exacerbate side effects mediated by multiple brain receptors. This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between chlorpromazine and risperidone. We investigated dopamine 2 (D₂), serotonin 2A (5-HT_2A), histamine 1 (H₁), and muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) receptor occupancy in the brain as well as pharmacokinetic interactions after oral administration of chlorpromazine and risperidone in rats. Methods: Rats were orally administered chlorpromazine, risperidone, or their combination. A tracer cocktail solution was injected intravenously to measure multiple receptor occupancies simultaneously. Tracer and drug concentrations in the brain tissue and plasma were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Receptor occupancy increased in a dose-dependent manner. The doses required for 70% D₂ receptor occupancy were 4.5 mg/kg for chlorpromazine and 1.5 mg/kg for risperidone. Co-administration of chlorpromazine (4.5 mg/kg) and risperidone (1.5 mg/kg) resulted in an increase in D₂ and 5-HT_2A receptor occupancy to approximately 90%. Risperidone alone caused a transient increase in H₁ receptor occupancy to 80%, while co-administration increased mACh receptor occupancy to 60%. Co-administration with chlorpromazine significantly increased the plasma concentrations of risperidone and its metabolite, paliperidone, and decreased the oral clearance of risperidone by 5.9-fold. Conclusions: Co-administration of chlorpromazine and risperidone increases the occupancy of D₂, 5-HT_2A, and mACh receptors in the rat brain and increases the plasma concentrations of risperidone and paliperidone, suggesting a potential risk of enhanced adverse effects due to both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions involving target and non-target brain receptors.

The global transition towards sustainable energy has accelerated the development and deployment of offshore wind turbines. Jacket foundations, commonly installed in intermediate to deep water depths to access available space and higher load capacities, are built to withstand intensified hydrodynamic loads. Due to their structural complexity near the seabed, however, they are prone to local and global scour, which can compromise stability and increase maintenance costs. While extensive research has addressed scour protections around monopiles, limited attention has been given to complex foundation geometries or even hybrid configurations that combine energy-harvesting devices with structural support. These hybrid systems introduce highly unsteady flow fields and amplified turbulence effects that current design frameworks appear to be unable to capture. This study provides an experimental characterisation of scour damage in riprap-protected jackets as well as additional tests for a hybrid jacket foundation. A novel adaptation of a high-resolution overlapping sub-area methodology was employed. For the first time, it was successfully applied to quantify the damage to riprap protections for a complex offshore foundation. Results revealed that, although hybrid jackets showed the capacity to attenuate incident waves, the scour protection experienced damage numbers (S_3D) two to six times higher than conventional jackets due to flow amplifications. The findings highlight the need for revised design guidelines that can account for the complex hydrodynamic-structural interactions of next-generation marine harvesting technologies integrated into complex foundations.

As global economic development has significantly raised living standards, seafood has become an increasingly essential component of the human diet [...]

Wardrobe fronts form a major visual element in bedroom interiors, yet material selection for their colors and textures often relies on intuition rather than evidence. This study develops a data-driven framework that links gaze behavior and affective responses to occupants’ preferences for wardrobe front materials. Forty adults evaluated color and texture swatches and rendered bedroom scenes while eye-tracking data capturing attraction, retention, and exploration were collected. Pairwise choices were modeled using a Bradley–Terry approach, and visual-attention features were integrated with emotion ratings to construct an interpretable attention index for predicting preferences. Results show that neutral light colors and structured wood-like textures consistently rank highest, with scene context reducing preference differences but not altering the order. Shorter time to first fixation and longer fixation duration were the strongest predictors of desirability, demonstrating the combined influence of rapid visual capture and sustained attention. Within the tested stimulus set and viewing conditions, the proposed pipeline yields consistent preference rankings and an interpretable attention-based score that supports evidence-informed shortlisting of wardrobe-front materials. The reported relationships between gaze, affect, and choice are associative and are intended to guide design decisions within the scope of the present experimental settings.

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), particularly the Time-Aware Shaper (TAS) specified by IEEE 802.1Qbv, is critical for real-time communication in Industrial Sensor Networks (ISNs). However, many TAS scheduling approaches rely on centralized computation and can face scalability bottlenecks in large networks. In addition, global-only schedulers often generate fragmented Gate Control Lists (GCLs) that exceed per-port entry limits on resource-constrained switches, reducing deployability. This paper proposes a two-phase distributed genetic-based algorithm, 2PDGA, for TAS scheduling. Phase I runs a network-level genetic algorithm (GA) to select routing paths and release offsets and construct a conflict-free baseline schedule. Phase II performs per-switch local refinement to merge windows and enforce device-specific GCL caps with lightweight coordination. We evaluate 2PDGA on 1512 configurations (three topologies, 8–20 switches, and guard bands ). At ${\mathsf{\delta }}_{gb}=0$ ns, 2PDGA achieves 92.9% and 99.8% CAP@8/CAP@16, respectively, compliance while maintaining a median latency of 42.1 $\mathsf{\mu }$s. Phase II reduces the average max-per-port GCL entries by 7.7%. These results indicate improved hardware deployability under strict GCL caps, supporting practical deployment in real-world Industry 4.0 applications.

Adolescent mental health conditions, particularly treatment-resistant depression (TRD), represent a growing public health challenge associated with high morbidity, functional impairment, and elevated suicide risk. Psychedelic-assisted therapies have shown robust antidepressant and transdiagnostic effects in rigorously controlled adult trials. Extending this work to adolescents is scientifically compelling yet ethically complex, given neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and the paucity of pediatric data. This review examines the historical context of psychedelic use, summarizes adult efficacy and mechanistic insights, explores adolescent-specific opportunities and risks, and considers applications in co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders. Conventional treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and psychotherapy, are often inadequate for a narrow but substantial subset of clinical phenotypes, prompting interest in novel and rapid-acting interventions. Psychedelic-assisted therapies have shown promising results in adults with refractory mood disorders, yet their applicability to adolescents remains uncertain due to ongoing neurodevelopment and ethical constraints. This review critically examines evidence from adult psychedelic and psychedelic-adjacent interventions, including esketamine, and evaluates their potential relevance to adolescent populations through a developmental, mechanistic, and ethical lens. Rather than advocating for premature clinical adoption, we highlight translational gaps, developmental risks, and research priorities paramount to responsibly assess these approaches in youth.