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16 pages, 3130 KB

Open AccessArticle

Aqueous Precipitate of Methanolic Extract of Bergenia ciliata Leaves Demonstrate Photoirradiation-Mediated Dual Property of Inhibition and Enhancement of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis

by Sourav Gurung, Monalisha Sarmin and Muddasarul Hoda

Colloids Interfaces 2026, 10(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids10010005 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: The aqueous and methanolic extracts (AE and ME) of Bergenia ciliata leaves have contradictory silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesis potential, influenced by photoirradiation. Method: In the current study, photoirradiation-mediated AgNP synthesis potential of two sub-extracts of ME, namely aqueous precipitated ME (PME) and [...] Read more.

Background: The aqueous and methanolic extracts (AE and ME) of Bergenia ciliata leaves have contradictory silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesis potential, influenced by photoirradiation. Method: In the current study, photoirradiation-mediated AgNP synthesis potential of two sub-extracts of ME, namely aqueous precipitated ME (PME) and aqueous dissolved ME (DME), were studied through comparison of their physicochemical properties. Results: In dark, DME demonstrated significant AgNP synthesis, whereas PME did not synthesize AgNPs. However, photoirradiation reversed the role of both the sub-extracts in nanoparticles synthesis. PME also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on AE-mediated AgNP synthesis in dark. GC-MS identified pyrogallol as the major reducing agent in both the sub-extracts. Photoirradiation significantly influenced the nanoparticle size and percent elemental composition of the AgNP. In dark, PME and DME produced AgNP of approx. 23.94 nm and 31.08 nm diameters, respectively, which significantly increased to 47.26 nm and 47.48 nm, respectively, on photoirradiation. Although no significant change in the percent silver composition was observed in PME-AgNP on photoirradiation (approx. 68%), DME demonstrated enhanced silver percent from approx. 58% to 72% on photoirradiation. Both DME- and PME-AgNPs were stable up to 15 days at 4 °C. Conclusions: PME has photoirradiation-mediated dual property of inhibition and enhancement of AgNPs synthesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Research on Thin Films and Nanostructures)

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25 pages, 11156 KB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Metabolomics and Flavor Profiling Provide Insights into the Metabolic Basis of Flavor and Nutritional Composition Differences Between Sunflower Varieties SH363 and SH361

by Yanli Li, Huihui Gong, Xinxiao Cui, Xin Wang, Ying Chen, Huiying Li and Junsheng Zhao

Foods 2026, 15(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15010106 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds exhibit variation in flavor and nutritional quality. In this study, we combined metabolomics (UPLC–MS/MS and GC–MS) with nutritional analysis and a database-driven flavoromics approach to elucidate the biochemical basis of quality differences between sunflower varieties SH361 and [...] Read more.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds exhibit variation in flavor and nutritional quality. In this study, we combined metabolomics (UPLC–MS/MS and GC–MS) with nutritional analysis and a database-driven flavoromics approach to elucidate the biochemical basis of quality differences between sunflower varieties SH361 and SH363. A total of 1448 seed metabolites were identified, with 242 varying between varieties (predominantly flavonoids and terpenoids). Based on the known aroma descriptors of identified metabolites, we inferred that SH363 would have a more intense nutty-aromatic flavor, whereas SH361 would be characterized by a predominantly sweet taste. SH363 seeds also contained ~50% oil (versus ~24% in SH361) and lower sugar content, indicating an inverse oil–sugar balance that is associated with more complex flavor notes. Lipids and aromatic terpenoids were identified as likely key contributors to SH363’s richer flavor profile. Overall, although limited to two genotypes, this work provides new insights into the metabolic basis of sunflower seed flavor differences and supports a conceptual model of lipid-associated flavor enhancement. These findings offer valuable guidance for breeding programs aimed at improving sunflower seed flavor and nutritional quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition of Plants)

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15 pages, 1080 KB

Open AccessOpinion

Intermittent Fasting and Probiotics for Gut Microbiota Modulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

by Zhiwen Zhang, Shaokang Wang, Guiju Sun and Da Pan

Nutrients 2026, 18(1), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18010119 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic in which gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to impaired glucose homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Intermittent fasting (IF) and probiotic supplementation have independently demonstrated glycemic benefits in T2DM, largely through microbiota remodeling. This narrative [...] Read more.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic in which gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to impaired glucose homeostasis and chronic inflammation. Intermittent fasting (IF) and probiotic supplementation have independently demonstrated glycemic benefits in T2DM, largely through microbiota remodeling. This narrative review synthesizes evidence up to October 2025 to clarify the microbiota-dependent mechanisms of IF and probiotics, and to evaluate the biological plausibility and preliminary clinical data for their combined application in T2DM management. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical studies (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) examining IF regimens (primarily time-restricted feeding and 5:2 protocols) and multi-strain probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in T2DM or relevant models. Mechanistic pathways, microbial compositional shifts, and metabolic outcomes were qualitatively synthesized, with emphasis on overlapping signaling (short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, GLP-1, and barrier function). Results: IF consistently increases Akkermansia muciniphila and, variably, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance, restores microbial circadian rhythmicity, and enhances SCFA and secondary bile acid production. Multi-strain probiotics modestly reduce HbA1c (–0.3% to –0.6%) and fasting glucose, outperforming single-strain preparations. Both interventions converge on reduced endotoxaemia and improved intestinal integrity. Preclinical models indicate potential synergy, whereas the only direct human trial to date showed neutral results. Conclusions: IF and probiotics engage overlapping microbiota-mediated pathways, supporting their combined use as an adjunctive strategy in T2DM. Adequately powered randomized trials incorporating deep metagenomics, metabolomics, and hard clinical endpoints are now required to confirm additive or synergistic efficacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intermittent Fasting: Health Impacts and Therapeutic Potential)

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20 pages, 3413 KB

Open AccessArticle

Racemic and Enantiomeric Alkoxycyanobiphenyls Bearing Terminal Vicinal Fluorine Substituents: Synthesis and Mesogenic Behavior

by Kiran Agrahari, Evangelos Smith, Manos Mavrikakis, Jeffrey D. Mighion and Robert J. Twieg

Crystals 2026, 16(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16010026 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Fascinated by the influence of fluorine atom substitution in liquid crystal mesogens and building on our previous research on the influence of fluorination in liquid crystal mesogens, a novel project was undertaken where racemates and enantiomers of alkoxycyanobiphenyls with two adjacent fluorine atoms, [...] Read more.

Fascinated by the influence of fluorine atom substitution in liquid crystal mesogens and building on our previous research on the influence of fluorination in liquid crystal mesogens, a novel project was undertaken where racemates and enantiomers of alkoxycyanobiphenyls with two adjacent fluorine atoms, one on each of two terminal carbon atoms, were synthesized to study their phase properties. The compounds were synthesized via Mitsunobu reaction, alkylation, epoxidation, hydrolytic kinetic resolution, fluoride opening, and deoxyfluorination. Racemates showed a monotropic nematic phase, while enantiomers showed a monotropic cholesteric phase. The dipole moments of the final difluorinated mesogens were also evaluated. The phase behavior of all the epoxy and fluorohydrin intermediates was also measured. This article provides data on the phase behavior of a handful of racemic compounds and their enantiomers. Additionally, the phase behavior of the enantiomerically impure and enantiomerically pure compounds is compared. Full article

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13 pages, 1993 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digital vs. Direct Anthropometry with MetiSmile^® 3D Face Scanner: A Validation and Reliability Study on a Mannequin Model

by Alexander De Crem, Constantijn Bogaert, Frederik Piccart, Matthias Ureel, Benjamin Denoiseux, Lisa De Kock, Marieke Brands, Olivier Lenssen and Renaat Coopman

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2026, 19(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr19010003 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background: Three-dimensional facial anthropometry is increasingly used in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Conventional face scanning systems such as Vectra^® and 3dMD^® are well validated but remain costly and technically demanding. The MetiSmile^® 3D face scanner provides a more affordable and [...] Read more.

Background: Three-dimensional facial anthropometry is increasingly used in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Conventional face scanning systems such as Vectra^® and 3dMD^® are well validated but remain costly and technically demanding. The MetiSmile^® 3D face scanner provides a more affordable and portable alternative, yet its accuracy and reproducibility have not been rigorously evaluated. Methods: Validation was performed on a standardized mannequin head in two phases. Phase 1 assessed mesh reproducibility under artificial lighting (AL), natural lighting (n-AL), and after mesh-refinement (AL-F). Landmark-based pre-registration with Iterative Closest Point refinement was applied; root-mean-square error (RMS) and distance maps were calculated. In phase 2, three observers (student, resident, consultant) performed 14 predefined linear measurements by direct anthropometry (DA) and digital anthropometry (DiA). Intra- and inter-observer reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: Phase 1 yielded mean RMS values of 0.041 mm (AL), 0.043 mm (n-AL), and 0.030 mm (AL-F), with largest deviations near eyes, alar regions, and lip commissures. Phase 2 showed excellent ICCs (≥0.997) and mean absolute DA–DiA differences of 0.25–0.33 mm, with only few differences > 2 mm. Conclusion: The MetiSmile^® scanner generates highly reproducible meshes and clinically acceptable linear measurements on mannequin models. Further validation on live subjects is warranted before routine clinical application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Oral- and Cranio-Maxillofacial Reconstruction)

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31 pages, 2477 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Chromatographic Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Comfrey Leaf and Root with Determination of Their In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

by Katarzyna Kimel, Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska, Justyna Ośko, Małgorzata Grembecka, Barbara Sparzak-Stefanowska and Sylwia Godlewska

Antioxidants 2026, 15(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15010046 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) is a plant with proven anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on the musculoskeletal system. The traditional use of comfrey primarily refers to its roots, although some literature also mentions the leaves as an alternative plant material. Comparing the therapeutic potential [...] Read more.

Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) is a plant with proven anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on the musculoskeletal system. The traditional use of comfrey primarily refers to its roots, although some literature also mentions the leaves as an alternative plant material. Comparing the therapeutic potential of both plant materials requires additional data on the chemical composition of S. officinale leaves and their biological properties. The aim of the study was to analyze polyphenols in comfrey leaves of different origins and to assess their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential against comfrey roots, also collected from different sources. Polyphenol profiles were recognized by 2D TLC and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS methods, and quantitative analysis was performed by the HPLC-UV/Vis (high performance liquid chromatograph with-ultraviolet/visible detection) method. The antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) assays, and for leaves also using the TLC-DB (thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography) technique with the DPPH radical. Chemometric analysis to assess the relationship between the antioxidant activity and the origin of comfrey plant raw materials was performed. Factor analysis (FA) confirmed that geographic origin and cultivation conditions influenced the antioxidant content of both plant raw materials. The study results indicate that comfrey leaves can substitute for comfrey roots containing not only caffeic acid derivatives but also flavonoids, and exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties in Medicinal Plants)

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12 pages, 2827 KB

Open AccessCommunication

Acute Cold Exposure Cell-Autonomously Reduces mTORC1 Signaling and Protein Synthesis Independent of AMPK

by Benjamin Y. Sung, Eliza J. Ford, Daniel J. Foster, Kyler J. Fullmer, Cosette Cromwell, Benoit Viollet and David M. Thomson

Cells 2026, 15(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15010065 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Cryotherapy is a commonly used strategy for skeletal muscle recovery, although the efficacy of its use has been controversial. Therefore, more research is needed to understand under what circumstances it should be used. This study aimed to examine the cell-autonomous effects of acute [...] Read more.

Cryotherapy is a commonly used strategy for skeletal muscle recovery, although the efficacy of its use has been controversial. Therefore, more research is needed to understand under what circumstances it should be used. This study aimed to examine the cell-autonomous effects of acute cold exposure on primary mouse myoblasts, focusing on metabolic signaling through the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway. In it, we hypothesized that cold exposure (COLD) would impair myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and protein synthesis in an AMPK-dependent manner. Wild-type (WT) and AMPK double-knockout (dKO) myoblast cultures were treated at 37 °C or 26 °C to evaluate AMPK-dependent effects. As expected, 30 min of cold exposure activated AMPK and decreased mTORC1 activity and protein synthesis; however, mTORC1 and protein synthesis were downregulated independently of AMPK activation. Additionally, cold exposure suppressed proliferation 6 h post-treatment in WT, but not dKO, myoblasts. On the other hand, in differentiated WT and dKO cells, cold treatment did not influence myotube size, although dKO myotubes exhibited decreased fusion index and increased size compared to WT. These findings offer new insights into the cell-autonomous metabolic effects of cryotherapy in skeletal muscle and indicate that while COLD-induced AMPK activation contributes to impaired myoblast proliferation, AMPK is not necessary for the COLD-induced inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway and protein synthesis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AMPK: From Mechanisms to New Therapies)

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11 pages, 1543 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Stability and Performance of α-FAPbI₃ Photodetectors via Long-Chain n-Heptanoic Acid Passivation

by Xintao Bai, Yunjie Lou, Mengxuan Wang, Zhenkun Gu and Yanlin Song

Materials 2026, 19(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19010122 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Owing to its narrow bandgap and excellent thermal stability, formamidinium–lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) is a promising perovskite for high-performance, wide-spectrum photodetectors. Here, we selected long-chain n-heptanoic acid as the passivating agent and introduced it onto the perovskite surface via post-treatment, thereby enabling [...] Read more.

Owing to its narrow bandgap and excellent thermal stability, formamidinium–lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) is a promising perovskite for high-performance, wide-spectrum photodetectors. Here, we selected long-chain n-heptanoic acid as the passivating agent and introduced it onto the perovskite surface via post-treatment, thereby enabling the fabrication of high-quality α-FAPbI₃ perovskite films and photodetectors. It is found that the carboxylic acid group in the n-heptanoic acid molecule can effectively passivate crystal defects, greatly reduce the density of defect states in the perovskite film, and inhibit the non-radiative recombination of carriers. The α-FAPbI₃ perovskite phase was effectively stabilized. The responsivity of the photodetector optimized by n-heptanoic acid is as high as 0.47 A W⁻¹ at 740 nm. At the same time, the optimized device still maintains 95% of its initial performance after 552 h of storage in an air environment with a room temperature of 25 °C and a relative humidity of 25%. This method provides a reliable way to prepare a high-performance and stable α-FAPbI₃ photodetector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Optical and Photonic Materials)

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22 pages, 4237 KB

Open AccessReview

Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas in a Long-Term Survivor of Childhood ALL and HSCT—A Call for Dermatologic Vigilance

by Elena Porumb-Andrese, Gabriela Stoleriu, Antonia Elena Huțanu, Cristian Mârţu, Mihaela-Paula Toader, Vlad Porumb, Cristina Colac-Boțoc, Ancuța Lupu, Gabriela Rusu-Zota, Emil Anton and Daciana Elena Brănișteanu

Life 2026, 16(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010055 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

(1) Background: Cutaneous secondary malignant neoplasms are a growing survivorship burden after pediatric cancers and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), yet skin-focused surveillance remains inconsistently implemented. (2) Objective: To synthesize current molecular dermatology insights relevant to prevention, early detection, and treatment of basal [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Cutaneous secondary malignant neoplasms are a growing survivorship burden after pediatric cancers and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), yet skin-focused surveillance remains inconsistently implemented. (2) Objective: To synthesize current molecular dermatology insights relevant to prevention, early detection, and treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in high-risk survivors, while anchoring the discussion in a detailed case of multiple BCCs after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and HSCT. (3) Methods: Narrative review integrating clinical, dermoscopic, molecular, and translational data from recent high-impact studies; case retained in full. (4) Results: Radiation exposure (especially total body irradiation), prior immunosuppression, and persistent immune dysregulation synergize with ultraviolet mutagenesis to create a “field cancerization” state characterized by Hedgehog-pathway activation (Patched1/Smoothened), impaired Deoxyribonucleic Acid damage response, and stromal remodeling. Dermoscopy, when embedded in routine whole-body examinations, markedly improves accuracy for keratinocyte cancers. Chemoprevention (e.g., nicotinamide) and targeted therapies (hedgehog inhibitors; Programmed Death-1 blockade) represent key translational levers for care innovation. (5) Conclusions: Integrating structured dermatologic surveillance with molecularly informed prevention and therapy should be standard in survivorship pathways for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation/Radiotherapy-exposed patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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17 pages, 348 KB

Open AccessArticle

From “What” Makes It Miraculous to “How” It Is Miraculous: The Qurʾān’s Methodological Revolution

by Mohammed Gamal Abdelnour

Religions 2026, 17(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17010037 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

This article reinterprets the doctrine of iʿjāz al-Qurʾān (the inimitability of the Qurʾān) by shifting the question from what makes the Qurʾān miraculous to how it is miraculous. It argues that the Qurʾān’s primary miracle lies not merely in its content, i.e., [...] Read more.

This article reinterprets the doctrine of iʿjāz al-Qurʾān (the inimitability of the Qurʾān) by shifting the question from what makes the Qurʾān miraculous to how it is miraculous. It argues that the Qurʾān’s primary miracle lies not merely in its content, i.e., its eloquence or correspondence with scientific truth, but in its method: the transformation of the very frameworks through which knowledge, reason, and revelation were understood. Using Muḥammad ʿĀbid al-Jābirī’s tripartite epistemology of bayān (expressive reasoning), burhān (demonstrative reasoning), and ʿirfān (reflective reasoning) together with Gadamer’s “fusion of horizons,” the article argues that the Qurʾān can be read as fusing and transcending these three systems, uniting Arabic eloquence, Greek rationalism, and Persian–gnostic spirituality into a single, holistic discourse. Through close analysis of key passages, such as Abraham’s dialectical reasoning in Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ and the metaphysics of light in Āyat al-Nūr, the article shows how the Qurʾān integrates poetic language, rational argument, and mystical depth to create an epistemic design that addresses intellect, emotion, and spirit simultaneously. This synthesis allows the Qurʾān to be interpreted, within classical and later exegetical traditions, not only as a linguistic or theological miracle but as a paradigmatic reconfiguration of cognition: one that these traditions understood as teaching readers how to think, reflect, and awaken. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Islamic Colloquia of Edinburgh (ICE) Conference (7–9 July 2025): Miracles in Islam)

18 pages, 3319 KB

Open AccessArticle

Proton-Blocking Anion-Exchange Membranes for Efficient Lithium Hydroxide Recovery by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis

by Ji-Hyeon Lee and Moon-Sung Kang

Membranes 2026, 16(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16010008 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

In bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPED), proton transport through the anion-exchange membrane (AEM) is a major factor that reduces overall process efficiency. In this study, we propose a composite AEM incorporating a proton-blocking layer that combines strongly basic and weakly basic functional groups on [...] Read more.

In bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPED), proton transport through the anion-exchange membrane (AEM) is a major factor that reduces overall process efficiency. In this study, we propose a composite AEM incorporating a proton-blocking layer that combines strongly basic and weakly basic functional groups on top of a strongly basic AEM, providing proton-blocking capability while minimizing degradation of membrane conductivity. The proton-blocking layer is prepared by reacting brominated poly(phenylene oxide) (BPPO) with diamines having different alkyl chain lengths, namely N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine (TMHDA), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMPDA), and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). When TMHDA, which has the longest alkyl chain, is introduced into PPO, the resulting membrane exhibits high conductivity but low proton-blocking performance. In contrast, when TMEDA, which has the shortest alkyl chain, is introduced, the membrane shows low conductivity and high proton-blocking performance. Therefore, the balance between membrane conductivity and proton-blocking performance can be optimized by adjusting the molar ratio of the two diamines. The composite AEM prepared with the optimal composition simultaneously demonstrates superior conductivity and proton-blocking performance compared to the commercial proton-blocking membrane (ACM, Astom Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Furthermore, the application of this membrane has been shown to effectively improve both the energy efficiency and current efficiency of the BPED process for lithium hydroxide recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Membrane Fabrication and Characterization)

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3 pages, 148 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Metal Complexes Diversity: Synthesis, Conformation, and Bioactivity

by Sunčica Roca and Monika Kovačević

Inorganics 2026, 14(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics14010017 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Metal complexes remain central to modern inorganic chemistry due to their structural diversity [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes Diversity: Synthesis, Conformations, and Bioactivity)

23 pages, 12331 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bedload Transport Velocities in Alpine Gravel-Bed Streams

by Rolf Rindler, Dorian Shire-Peterlechner, Sabrina Schwarz, Helmut Habersack, Markus Moser and Andrea Lammer

Water 2026, 18(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010088 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

The present study presents long-term monitoring data on the dynamics of bedload transport processes in alpine gravel-bed river systems in Austria (Urslau, Strobler-Weißenbach) using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The detection of embedded RFID tracers was facilitated by the use of stationary antennas. [...] Read more.

The present study presents long-term monitoring data on the dynamics of bedload transport processes in alpine gravel-bed river systems in Austria (Urslau, Strobler-Weißenbach) using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The detection of embedded RFID tracers was facilitated by the use of stationary antennas. This methodology enabled the acquisition of high-resolution data on particle transport velocities, transport distances, and sediment dynamics. Monitoring has been in operation permanently over a period of 8 years, including several intense flood events. In total, 1612 RFID-tagged stones were deployed, and the maximum measured particle velocity was 2.47 m s⁻¹. The measurements at the Urslau stream revealed seasonal variability and long-term trends, while targeted short-term measurements at the Strobler-Weißenbach stream provided valuable insights into the dynamics of flood events. The results underscore the significance of environmental factors, including the grain size, river gradient, and hydraulic parameters, in the dynamics of bedload transport in alpine gravel bed streams. Furthermore, the efficiency of stationary antennas was optimised to ensure uninterrupted monitoring. This study underscores the importance of contemporary monitoring technologies in analysing river processes and addressing challenges, including those brought about by climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flow Dynamics and Sediment Transport in Rivers and Coasts)

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18 pages, 1043 KB

Open AccessReview

Lipoprotein(a) and Aortic Valve Stenosis: From Pathophysiology to Emerging Pharmacological Agents

by Federica Agnello, Giulia Laterra, Lorenzo Scalia, Maria Sara Mauro, Orazio Strazzieri, Claudia Reddavid, Salvatore Ingala, Simona Guarino, Chiara Barbera, Maria Daniela Russo and Marco Barbanti

J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010274 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valvular disease in developed countries, and no pharmacological therapy is currently available. Increasing evidence identifies lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a causal factor linking lipid metabolism, inflammation, and valve calcification. Lp(a) levels are largely genetically determined and [...] Read more.

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valvular disease in developed countries, and no pharmacological therapy is currently available. Increasing evidence identifies lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as a causal factor linking lipid metabolism, inflammation, and valve calcification. Lp(a) levels are largely genetically determined and remain stable throughout life, making them a potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the current evidence on Lp(a) and AVS pathophysiology, the diagnostic and prognostic role of Lp(a), and the therapeutic potential of Lp(a)-lowering agents. Emerging Lp(a)-targeted therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA-based agents, could reshape AVS management by providing the first pharmacological option to slow disease progression in selected high-risk patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Aortic Valve Stenosis)

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20 pages, 2834 KB

Open AccessReview

Protein S-Palmitoylation as Potential Therapeutic Target for Dermatoses

by Yanhai Feng, Jianxin Wu, Hui Tang, Shunying Liu, Honglin Jia, Yi Liang, Zhenglin Li, Lingbo Li, Lingfei Li and Xia Lei

Biomolecules 2026, 16(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16010053 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Protein S-palmitoylation is a pivotal yet poorly integrated research field in dermatology. This reversible post-translational lipid modification primarily occurs on cysteine residues and is principally catalyzed by zinc finger and Asp-His-His-Cys DHHC-domain containing proteins (zDHHCs). The S-palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle directly affects protein localization, trafficking, [...] Read more.

Protein S-palmitoylation is a pivotal yet poorly integrated research field in dermatology. This reversible post-translational lipid modification primarily occurs on cysteine residues and is principally catalyzed by zinc finger and Asp-His-His-Cys DHHC-domain containing proteins (zDHHCs). The S-palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle directly affects protein localization, trafficking, stability, and protein–protein interaction, thereby regulating a variety of signaling pathways, including those mediating inflammation and immune reaction. Accumulating evidence has indicated that S-palmitoylation regulates various skin biological functions, including skin inflammation, skin barrier function, hair growth, and melanin synthesis, and is ultimately implicated in the initiation and development of massive dermatoses, such as alopecia and psoriasis. The recent development of new research tools, coupled with S-palmitoylation’s therapeutic potential, makes the timely synthesis of its role in skin pathophysiology both critical and opportune. Here, we summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanistic roles of S-palmitoylation in dermatological conditions and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target for innovative treatment strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Skin Disorders)

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9 pages, 182 KB

Open AccessArticle

Ancient Wisdom for This Anxious Age: Luke 12:22–34’s Imperatives in Anxious Perspective

by Scott Geminn

Religions 2026, 17(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17010036 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

In this article, I argue that the command of Jesus in Luke 12:22–34 not to be anxious and afraid are supported by exegetical clues from the text and findings in anxiety recovery research. I will argue that the imperatives of Luke 12:22–34 are [...] Read more.

In this article, I argue that the command of Jesus in Luke 12:22–34 not to be anxious and afraid are supported by exegetical clues from the text and findings in anxiety recovery research. I will argue that the imperatives of Luke 12:22–34 are not intended to be alienating but instructive with regard to where we put our attention and how we handle fear. Moreover, I will demonstrate that these words are not the fruit of a detached theologian or an abstract, impractical encouragement but instead the wisdom of someone familiar with the struggles of life, particularly that of first-century Jewish Palestine. Such is a wisdom that can be drawn upon today, especially for those who struggle with anxiety. The research methodology in this article is interdisciplinary, employing theology, exegesis, and psychology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Religions and Theologies)

15 pages, 4242 KB

Open AccessArticle

Bifurcation Geometry, Global Stability, and Nonlinear Nematicon Dynamics of the Generalized Hunter–Saxton Model

by Emad A. Az-Zo’bi

Mathematics 2026, 14(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/math14010142 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study examines the generalized nonlinear Hunter–Saxton (HS) model:

Φ_{t x} = Φ Φ_{x x} + γ Φ_{x}^{2}, γ \neq 0,

that describes the evolution of spatial potential and angular velocity in the vector field of nematic [...] Read more.

This study examines the generalized nonlinear Hunter–Saxton (HS) model:

Φ_{t x} = Φ Φ_{x x} + γ Φ_{x}^{2}, γ \neq 0,

that describes the evolution of spatial potential and angular velocity in the vector field of nematic liquid crystals. Closed-form nematicons are derived via the order reduction of the traveling wave ODE. The qualitative structures are analyzed for different values of the nonlinear parameter

γ

. The solutions are graphically depicted to discover rich nematicon geometries including parabolic, cuspon, kink, and singular wave structures. A comprehensive dynamic analysis of the reduced nonlinear ordinary system is performed using the phase plane method, which helps to reveal the non-isolated continuity of equilibrium and the role of singular manifolds in shaping the system’s sensitivity and stability. Bifurcation cases are investigated for distinct values of

γ

, and various transitions in trajectory geometry and semi-stability features are shown. The novelty appears in the comprehensive integrating of analytic and dynamic characterizations, through global phase and bifurcation analysis, of the generalized HS equation (HSE), which uncovers the control of nonlinear coefficient

γ

in governing the geometry and stability of the nematicons. Also, the analysis confirms the non-chaotic nature of the associated two-dimensional system, compatible with the Poincaré–Bendixson theorem. Full article

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17 pages, 401 KB

Open AccessArticle

Adapted Judo as a Multidimensional Intervention: Effects on Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Well-Being in Adolescents with Down Syndrome

by Borja Suarez-Villadat, Mario Montero, Sonia Montero, Adrián López-García and Ariel Villagra

Healthcare 2026, 14(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14010081 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Adolescents with Down syndrome often present limitations in physical fitness and psychosocial well-being, which can affect their health and social inclusion. Adapted physical activity programs, such as martial arts, may offer multidimensional benefits. This study aimed to analyze the effects of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Adolescents with Down syndrome often present limitations in physical fitness and psychosocial well-being, which can affect their health and social inclusion. Adapted physical activity programs, such as martial arts, may offer multidimensional benefits. This study aimed to analyze the effects of an adapted judo intervention on physical fitness and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied with 43 adolescents diagnosed with Down syndrome, allocated to a control group (n = 19) and an intervention group (n = 24). Participants in the intervention group completed a 24-week adapted judo program. Physical fitness was assessed through standardized tests for strength, balance, and flexibility, while psychosocial well-being was evaluated using validated questionnaires on self-esteem and social interaction. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were conducted using appropriate statistical analyses. Results: Participants showed significant improvements in physical fitness components, particularly in muscular strength and balance (p < 0.05). Flexibility also increased, although to a lesser extent. Psychosocial measures revealed enhanced self-esteem and greater perceived social interaction, indicating positive effects beyond physical health. Conclusions: Adapted judo appears to be an effective multidimensional intervention for adolescents with Down syndrome, promoting both physical and psychosocial benefits. These findings support the inclusion of adapted martial arts in physical education and therapeutic programs aimed at fostering health and social participation in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active and Included: People with Disabilities in Sport, Physical Activity and Physical Education)

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17 pages, 3072 KB

Open AccessArticle

Washable Few-Layer Graphene-Based Conductive Coating: The Impact of TPU Segmental Structure on Its Final Performances

by Ilaria Improta, Gennaro Rollo, Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore, Marco Fiume, Vladimír Sedlařík and Marino Lavorgna

Coatings 2026, 16(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16010038 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

The development of sustainable, water-based conductive coatings is essential for advancing environmentally responsible wearable and printed electronics. Achieving high electrical conductivity and wash durability remains a key challenge. This is largely dependent on the compatibility between the polymer matrix, the conductive filler and [...] Read more.

The development of sustainable, water-based conductive coatings is essential for advancing environmentally responsible wearable and printed electronics. Achieving high electrical conductivity and wash durability remains a key challenge. This is largely dependent on the compatibility between the polymer matrix, the conductive filler and the substrate surface. In this study, a facile formulation strategy is proposed by directly integrating few-layer graphene (FLG, 2.5 wt%) into commercial bio-based thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs), combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a dispersing agent. The investigation focuses on how the segmental architecture of four TPUs with different structure and hard–soft segments composition influences filler dispersion, mechanical integrity, and electrical behavior. Coatings were deposited onto flexible substrates, including textiles and paper, using a bar-coating process and were characterized in terms of morphology, thermal properties, electrical conductivity, and wash resistance. The results demonstrate that TPUs containing a higher presence of hard segments interact more effectively with hydrophobic surfaces, while TPUs with a higher contribution of soft segments improve adhesion to hydrophilic substrates and facilitate the formation of the percolation network, underling the role of TPU microstructure in controlling interfacial interactions and overall coating performance. The proposed comparative approach provides a sustainable pathway toward durable, high-performance, and washable electronic textiles and paper-based devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Engineering for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage)

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20 pages, 4943 KB

Open AccessArticle

Polishing of EB-PBF Ti6Al4V Vertical Surfaces with Semi-Melted Particle Characteristics Realized by Continuous Laser

by Xiaozhu Chen, Congyi Wu, Youmin Rong, Guojun Zhang and Yu Huang

Micromachines 2026, 17(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17010046 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) Ti6Al4V often exhibits high vertical surface roughness, limiting its use in high-end applications. In this study, an infrared continuous-wave laser was applied to precisely polish the vertical surface. An orthogonal design identified the optimal condition as 10,400 [...] Read more.

Electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) Ti6Al4V often exhibits high vertical surface roughness, limiting its use in high-end applications. In this study, an infrared continuous-wave laser was applied to precisely polish the vertical surface. An orthogonal design identified the optimal condition as 10,400 kW/cm² power density, 800 mm/s scanning speed, and one pass, achieving a minimum Sa of 0.24 μm and a 98.03% reduction compared with the as-built surface. To address the adhered semi-molten particle characteristics of EB-PBF sidewalls, a molten-pool-dynamics-based polishing model was developed and validated, yielding an error as low as 1.24%. Simulations indicate that power density governs the final morphology by controlling molten pool coverage, scanning speed affects polishing efficiency via thermocapillary force, and polishing time influences surface quality by triggering or avoiding melt splashing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section D：Materials and Processing)

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19 pages, 1115 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sex-Specific Patterns of Cortisol Fluctuation, Stress, and Academic Success in Quarantined Foreign Medical Students During the COVID-19 Lockdown

by Vedrana Ivić, Irena Labak, Oksana Shevchuk, Rudolf Scitovski, Viktoria Ivankiv, Kateryna Kozak, Mykhaylo Korda, Marija Heffer and Sandor G. Vari

Life 2026, 16(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16010054 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Cortisol is built into the circadian clock mechanism, but it is also the body’s natural response to stress. Insight into sex-specific cortisol fluctuations may elucidate individual differences in physiological and pathological patterns. This cross-sectional study examined sex-specific adaptation to stress induced by COVID-19 [...] Read more.

Cortisol is built into the circadian clock mechanism, but it is also the body’s natural response to stress. Insight into sex-specific cortisol fluctuations may elucidate individual differences in physiological and pathological patterns. This cross-sectional study examined sex-specific adaptation to stress induced by COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in foreign medical students at I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine (TNMU). Salivary cortisol was analyzed using cluster-based mathematical modeling to identify natural groupings in the data. Perceived stress was measured using Perceived stress scale-10 (PSS-10). The academic success was accessed from the official records of the TNMU. Average value of area under the curve (AUC) of daily salivary cortisol from the whole sample showed that men had higher cortisol than women. Mathematical clustering explained shift of the cortisol peak, and divided sample into 5 clusters—two of which had predicted daily cortisol pattern and represented most participants (65.6% men and 73.6% women), while the rest had aberrant daily cortisol pattern. Females had higher total PSS-10 score than males. PSS-10 subscales correlated with aberrant daily cortisol pattern. Unexpectedly, COVID-related circumstances did not have impact on participants’ academic success. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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30 pages, 1053 KB

Open AccessArticle

Semantic Mapping of AI-for-Government Research: Uncovering the Knowledge Architecture of Digital-Era Governance

by Dragan Čišić, Saša Drezgić, Vesna Buterin, Ivan Gržeta, Božidar Kovačić, Patrizia Poščić, Francesco Molinari and Gianluca Carlo Misuraca

Adm. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci16010019 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive bibliographic and semantic analysis of 3957 scientific publications on artificial intelligence (AI) in government and public administration. Using an integrated text- and network-based approach, we identify the main thematic areas and conceptual orientations shaping this rapidly expanding field. [...] Read more.

This study presents a comprehensive bibliographic and semantic analysis of 3957 scientific publications on artificial intelligence (AI) in government and public administration. Using an integrated text- and network-based approach, we identify the main thematic areas and conceptual orientations shaping this rapidly expanding field. The analysis reveals a research landscape that spans AI-driven administrative transformation, digital innovation, ethics and accountability, citizen trust, sustainability, and domain-specific applications such as healthcare and education. Across these themes, policy-oriented and conceptual contributions remain prominent, while empirical and technical studies are increasingly interwoven, reflecting growing interdisciplinarity and methodological consolidation. By clarifying how AI research aligns with governance values and institutional design, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers and public managers seeking to navigate responsible public-sector AI adoption. Overall, the findings indicate that AI-for-Government research is moving from fragmented debates toward a more integrated, implementation-relevant knowledge base centered on trustworthy and value-aligned digital-era governance. Full article

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15 pages, 1138 KB

Open AccessReview

Capillary Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

by Andras Guttman and Felicia Auer

Gels 2026, 12(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12010029 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

In the last half-century, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) became a versatile and high-performance analytical platform for the separation of complex biomolecular mixtures featuring rapid separations, high efficiency, and small sample consumption. Integrating a pore-size gradient mechanism in CGE makes it possible to achieve [...] Read more.

In the last half-century, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) became a versatile and high-performance analytical platform for the separation of complex biomolecular mixtures featuring rapid separations, high efficiency, and small sample consumption. Integrating a pore-size gradient mechanism in CGE makes it possible to achieve enhanced selectivity of polyionic macromolecules such as SDS-proteins and nucleic acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundations and operational principles of capillary pore-size gradient gel electrophoresis (CGGE), including the physicochemical basis of gradient formation, the influence of pore-size distributions on analyte mobility, and the challenges of generating stable, reproducible gradients in narrow-bore capillaries. Instrumental considerations such as capillary surface treatment, gradient filling and polymerization strategies, temperature and voltage control, detection modalities, and method-development frameworks are discussed in detail, emphasizing their critical impact on analytical performance and reproducibility. Key application areas in bioanalytical chemistry are highlighted, covering nucleic acid analysis and peptide/protein characterization. CGGE offers unique analytical advantages where fine molecular discrimination, tunable selectivity, and high resolution in a broad molecular weight range are required. Full article

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34 pages, 1316 KB

Open AccessReview

Scoping Review of the Environmental and Human Health Effects of Rural Alaska Landfills

by Carlye Chaney, Anita Moore-Nall, Chad Albert, Catherine Beebe, Britta Bierwagen, Michelle Davis, Alice Demoski, Angel Ip, Page Jordan, Sylvia S. Lee, Edda Mutter, Lauren Oliver, Nichol Rallo, Kate Schofield, Johnee Seetot, Anastasia Shugak, Angalgaq Tom, Martha Turner and Lynn Zender

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23010045 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Landfill contaminants pose significant risks to environmental and human health, particularly in rural Alaska. These communities are predominantly Alaska Native and face unique challenges in solid waste management due to geography, climate, and limited infrastructure. This scoping review assessed published research on the [...] Read more.

Landfill contaminants pose significant risks to environmental and human health, particularly in rural Alaska. These communities are predominantly Alaska Native and face unique challenges in solid waste management due to geography, climate, and limited infrastructure. This scoping review assessed published research on the impacts of landfill contaminants in the Arctic (Aim 1) and Alaska specifically (Aim 2). Seventy-one studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were used to develop a conceptual model of contaminant transport pathways. Thirty-nine studies included Alaska-specific research: thirty-three focused on environmental impacts, and six addressed human health (e.g., birth outcomes, cancer). Key topics included waste burning, heat generation, carbon release, leachate characterization, and water or sediment contamination. Evidence specific to Alaska suggested landfill leachate may contaminate surface water and groundwater, and that microbes can migrate beyond the landfill site boundaries in communities using honeybuckets (plastic bag-lined buckets that collect human waste). Landfill contaminants also impacted wildlife through consumption of garbage, which may have human health implications for subsistence-based communities. Major research gaps remain in understanding individual-level exposures, the effects of emerging contaminants, and the mechanisms of contaminant transport pathways. Further research designed for causal inference is needed to support improvements to public and environmental health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)

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19 pages, 754 KB

Open AccessReview

Novel Physical and Biological Applications of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy

by Danushka Seneviratne, Prapannajeet Biswal and Sunil Krishnan

Cancers 2026, 18(1), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18010113 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is a high-LET radiotherapy, which distinguishes itself from traditional low-LET radiation, such as photons and protons, through its unique physical aspects, biological attributes, and the dramatically increased damage it causes within cellular DNA. Given its distinctive characteristics, it [...] Read more.

Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is a high-LET radiotherapy, which distinguishes itself from traditional low-LET radiation, such as photons and protons, through its unique physical aspects, biological attributes, and the dramatically increased damage it causes within cellular DNA. Given its distinctive characteristics, it is expected to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation treatments and enhance treatment outcomes in traditionally radiation-resistant tumor histologies. Despite these unique properties, much remains to be understood regarding the clinical use of CIRT before its full potential can be realized. In this review, we summarize the distinct advantages of CIRT with regard to its physical and biological qualities and discuss the possibilities for novel applications of this technology through the exploitation of its immunomodulatory potential, abscopal impacts, and its ability to generate direct, oxygen-independent radiation damage within treated tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Methods and Technologies Development)

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17 pages, 5035 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Improved Cascade R-CNN-Based Fastener Detection Method for Coating Workshop Inspection

by Jiaqi Liu, Shanhui Liu, Yuhong Chen, Jiawen Zhao and Jiahao Fu

Coatings 2026, 16(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16010037 (registering DOI) - 30 Dec 2025

Abstract

To address the challenges of small fastener targets, complex backgrounds, and the low efficiency of traditional manual inspection in coating workshop scenarios, this paper proposes an improved Cascade R-CNN-based fastener detection method. A VOC-format dataset was constructed covering three target categories—Marking-painted fastener, Fastener, [...] Read more.

To address the challenges of small fastener targets, complex backgrounds, and the low efficiency of traditional manual inspection in coating workshop scenarios, this paper proposes an improved Cascade R-CNN-based fastener detection method. A VOC-format dataset was constructed covering three target categories—Marking-painted fastener, Fastener, and Fallen off—which represents typical inspection scenarios of coating equipment under diverse operating conditions and enhances the adaptability of the model. Within the Cascade R-CNN framework, three improvements were introduced: the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) was integrated into the ResNet-101 backbone to enhance feature representation of small objects; anchor scales were reduced to better align with the actual size distribution of fasteners; and Soft-NMS was adopted in place of conventional NMS to effectively reduce missed detections in overlapping regions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 96.60% on the self-constructed dataset, with both Precision and Recall exceeding 95%, significantly outperforming Faster R-CNN and the original Cascade R-CNN. The method enables accurate detection and missing-state recognition of fasteners in complex backgrounds and small-object scenarios, providing reliable technical support for the automation and intelligence of printing equipment inspection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Monitoring, Control and Manufacturing in Coating Technologies)

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