Advancing Open Science
for more than 25 years
Supporting academic communities
since 1996
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 

Recent Articles  

11 pages, 3635 KiB  
Article
Nd:Yag Laser Transluminal Embolysis: A Therapeutic Approach in Retinal Artery Occlusion
by Bogdana Tăbăcaru, George Abboud, Mihnea Munteanu, Simona Stanca and Horia Tudor Stanca
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7828; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247828 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: Central and branch retinal artery occlusion (CRAO and BRAO) are critical causes of acute vision loss, predominantly affecting older adults with systemic vascular pathology. These occlusions typically result from embolic events, leading to partial or complete retinal ischemia. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Background: Central and branch retinal artery occlusion (CRAO and BRAO) are critical causes of acute vision loss, predominantly affecting older adults with systemic vascular pathology. These occlusions typically result from embolic events, leading to partial or complete retinal ischemia. Methods: This retrospective case series report details of our 10-year experience using the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for Transluminal Nd:YAG Embolysis (TYE) in order to lyse visible emboli within the retinal arteries. Results: We conducted a retrospective case series involving 18 patients treated by TYE for different retinal arteries occlusions between 2014 and 2024. TYE effectively restored blood flow in the occluded arteries, with variable but generally favorable visual outcomes. Our article highlights significant clinical and interventional aspects of three treated patients: a BRAO case with multiple transluminal emboli, a case of double BRAO and a CRAO case. We also report the successful use of TYE for intraluminal lysing of an embolus located outside the optic disc. The procedures were well-tolerated, with minor complications such as preretinal or vitreous hemorrhages resolving spontaneously. Conclusions: TYE is a minimally invasive therapeutic option for retinal artery occlusion with visible emboli, particularly when intervention occurs shortly after the onset of symptoms. Compared to observation, TYE can improve visual outcomes and reduce the risk of permanent vision loss, presenting a significant advancement in the management of this ophthalmic emergency. The worldwide experience with TYE is continuously increasing. Further research with larger cohorts is recommended to validate these results and refine the treatment protocol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ophthalmology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 4197 KiB  
Communication
Study on Properties of Additive Manufacturing Ta10W Alloy Laser-Welded Joints
by Rui Zhen, Liqun Li, Yunhao Gong, Jianfeng Gong, Yichen Huang and Shuai Chang
Materials 2024, 17(24), 6268; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246268 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
This investigation focuses on Selective Laser Melting (SLM)-fabricated thin-walled Ta10W alloy components. Given the inherent limitations of SLM in producing large-scale, complex components in a single operation, laser welding was investigated as a viable secondary processing method for component integration. The study addresses [...] Read more.
This investigation focuses on Selective Laser Melting (SLM)-fabricated thin-walled Ta10W alloy components. Given the inherent limitations of SLM in producing large-scale, complex components in a single operation, laser welding was investigated as a viable secondary processing method for component integration. The study addresses the critical issue of weldability in additively manufactured tantalum-tungsten alloys, which frequently exhibit internal defects due to process imperfections. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on weldability, microstructural evolution, texture intensity, and mechanical properties for welds oriented along both traveling and building directions. Results demonstrate that welds oriented along the traveling direction exhibit superior performance characteristics, including enhanced tensile strength, increased yield strength, improved elongation, and reduced texture intensity compared to building direction welds. Notably, grain orientation alignment between the weld zone and base material was observed consistently in both directional configurations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Additive Manufacturing: Characteristics and Innovation, 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 364 KiB  
Article
Two-Point Resolution of a Defocused Imaging System Based on Spatially Coherent Illumination
by Gianlorenzo Massaro, Sergio de Gioia, Adalberto Brunetti, Francesco V. Pepe and Milena D’Angelo
Photonics 2024, 11(12), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121203 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
We examine the physical limitations and performance of spatially coherent imaging systems under defocused conditions using a modified two-point resolution criterion. By comparing coherent and incoherent illumination regimes, in defocused conditions, we highlight the peculiar advantages of coherent systems in resolving closely spaced [...] Read more.
We examine the physical limitations and performance of spatially coherent imaging systems under defocused conditions using a modified two-point resolution criterion. By comparing coherent and incoherent illumination regimes, in defocused conditions, we highlight the peculiar advantages of coherent systems in resolving closely spaced features while maintaining a high depth of field. The analysis identifies two primary contributions to image degradation in coherent defocused systems: image broadening and interference-related contrast reduction. Through a specifically designed analytical framework, this study confirms that resolution degradation in coherent imaging is characterized by a square root dependence on defocusing distance, irrespective of the numerical aperture. This behavior starkly contrasts with incoherent imaging, where the resolution deteriorates linearly with defocusing and exhibits a strong dependence on the system’s numerical aperture. Furthermore, we provide explicit analytical expressions for contrast loss and minimum resolvable object size under defocused coherent conditions, offering deeper insights into their relation with system parameters. These results corroborate the superior performance of coherent imaging in resolving fine details in defocused environments, challenging conventional optical paradigms. Our findings not only extend the theoretical understanding of coherent imaging but also establish practical guidelines to optimize optical systems for high-resolution applications. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 1953 KiB  
Article
UAV Trajectory Control and Power Optimization for Low-Latency C-V2X Communications in a Federated Learning Environment
by Xavier Fernando and Abhishek Gupta
Sensors 2024, 24(24), 8186; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248186 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled vehicular communications in the sixth generation (6G) are characterized by line-of-sight (LoS) and dynamically varying channel conditions. However, the presence of obstacles in the LoS path leads to shadowed fading environments. In UAV-assisted cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication, vehicle and [...] Read more.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled vehicular communications in the sixth generation (6G) are characterized by line-of-sight (LoS) and dynamically varying channel conditions. However, the presence of obstacles in the LoS path leads to shadowed fading environments. In UAV-assisted cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communication, vehicle and UAV mobility and shadowing adversely impact latency and throughput. Moreover, 6G vehicular communications comprise data-intensive applications such as augmented reality, mixed reality, virtual reality, intelligent transportation, and autonomous vehicles. Since vehicles’ sensors generate immense amount of data, the latency in processing these applications also increases, particularly when the data are not independently identically distributed (non-i.i.d.). Furthermore, when the sensors’ data are heterogeneous in size and distribution, the incoming packets demand substantial computing resources, energy efficiency at the UAV servers and intelligent mechanisms to queue the incoming packets. Due to the limited battery power and coverage range of UAV, the quality of service (QoS) requirements such as coverage rate, UAV flying time, and fairness of vehicle selection are adversely impacted. Controlling the UAV trajectory so that it serves a maximum number of vehicles while maximizing battery power usage is a potential solution to enhance QoS. This paper investigates the system performance and communication disruption between vehicles and UAV due to Doppler effect in the orthogonal time–frequency space (OTFS) modulated channel. Moreover, a low-complexity UAV trajectory prediction and vehicle selection method is proposed using federated learning, which exploits related information from past trajectories. The weighted total energy consumption of a UAV is minimized by jointly optimizing the transmission window (Lw), transmit power and UAV trajectory considering Doppler spread. The simulation results reveal that the weighted total energy consumption of the OTFS-based system decreases up to 10% when combined with federated learning to locally process the sensor data at the vehicles and communicate the processed local models to the UAV. The weighted total energy consumption of the proposed federated learning algorithm decreases by 10–15% compared with convex optimization, heuristic, and meta-heuristic algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3538 KiB  
Article
Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Canids from Pennsylvania, USA
by Kevin D. Niedringhaus, Taylor C. Chan, Ashley McDowell, Lauren Maxwell, Madison Stevens, Lane Potts, Erica Miller, Eman Anis, Kyle Van Why, Thomas Keller, David Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson, Kaitlyn Bahrs and Justin D. Brown
Animals 2024, 14(24), 3700; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14243700 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
The avian influenza virus is a global pathogen with significant health and economic implications. While primarily a pathogen of wild and domestic birds, recent outbreaks of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b have caused mortality in a wide variety [...] Read more.
The avian influenza virus is a global pathogen with significant health and economic implications. While primarily a pathogen of wild and domestic birds, recent outbreaks of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4b have caused mortality in a wide variety of mammals, including members of the Canidae family, on multiple continents. Despite sporadic mortality events globally, the epidemiology and pathobiology of H5N1 HPAIV in wild canids remains poorly defined. During 2022–2024, 41 wild canid carcasses (diagnostic cases), including 23 red foxes and 18 gray foxes, were tested for the influenza A virus (IAV) via PCR, with five red fox kits testing positive (12%). Infected animals had variably severe encephalitis, pneumonia, and occasionally myocarditis associated with strong immunolabeling for IAV. Serum from 269 wild canids in Pennsylvania was tested for antibodies to IAV, including 133 samples collected prior to 2021 (pre-H5N1 HPAIV 2.3.4.4b introduction) and 136 collected after 2022 (post-H5N1 HPAIV 2.3.4.4b introduction). All samples collected prior to 2021 were seronegative for IAV. Two coyotes from 2024 were seropositive for IAV but were negative for antibodies to the H5 and N1 subtypes. Collectively, these data suggest that while sporadic H5N1 HPAIV infection and mortality can occur in wild canids, particularly juvenile red foxes, infection was limited in these outwardly healthy and opportunistically sampled animals. Future studies should utilize a risk-based approach to target sampling of wild canids at increased risk for H5N1 HPAIV infection, such as those around waterfowl habitats or spatially around wild bird or domestic animal outbreaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife: A Threat for Biodiversity and Global Health)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 4989 KiB  
Article
Effect of Boiling Treatment on Linoleic Acid-Induced Oxidation of Myofibrillar Protein in Grass Carp
by Mengcong Liu, Fuhua Li, Yuan Tang, Jichun Zhao, Xiaojuan Lei and Jian Ming
Foods 2024, 13(24), 4153; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13244153 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the promotion of linoleic acid (OLA)-induced myofibrillar protein (MP) oxidation by boiling treatment. The effect of the boiling treatment on grass carp MP oxidation induced by OLA was investigated. The total sulfhydryl content, fluorescence intensity, [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the promotion of linoleic acid (OLA)-induced myofibrillar protein (MP) oxidation by boiling treatment. The effect of the boiling treatment on grass carp MP oxidation induced by OLA was investigated. The total sulfhydryl content, fluorescence intensity, and amino acid content were reduced with the increasing OLA concentration after the boiling treatment, while the boiled oxidized MP’s carbonyl content (4.76 ± 0.14 nmol/mg) was 2.14 times higher than that of the native MP (2.22 ± 0.02 nmol/mg) at an OLA concentration of 10 mM. Additionally, the secondary structure of MP became more disordered, shifting from an α-helix to random coils and β-turns. When the concentration of OLA was higher than 5 mM, both the surface hydrophobicity and water holding capacity (WHC) decreased with the increasing OLA concentration. Furthermore, the boiling treatment led to a reduction in immobile water and an increase in free water content in the MP gel. These findings establish a theoretical basis for regulating MP oxidation to improve fish quality during boiling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Engineering and Technology)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

4 pages, 183 KiB  
Editorial
Rational Design of Metal-Based Pharmacologically Active Compounds
by Irena Kostova
Inorganics 2024, 12(12), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics12120335 (registering DOI) - 22 Dec 2024
Abstract
Metal-based pharmacologically active compounds have been associated with many processes in vivo, acting as active sites of metalloproteins [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rational Design of Pharmacologically Active Metal-Based Compounds)
30 pages, 5781 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Time Series Anomaly Detection: A Knowledge Distillation Approach with Image Transformation
by Haiwoong Park and Hyeryung Jang
Sensors 2024, 24(24), 8169; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248169 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Anomaly detection is critical in safety-sensitive fields, but faces challenges from scarce abnormal data and costly expert labeling. Time series anomaly detection is relatively challenging due to its reliance on sequential data, which imposes high computational and memory costs. In particular, it is [...] Read more.
Anomaly detection is critical in safety-sensitive fields, but faces challenges from scarce abnormal data and costly expert labeling. Time series anomaly detection is relatively challenging due to its reliance on sequential data, which imposes high computational and memory costs. In particular, it is often composed of real-time collected data that tends to be noisy, making preprocessing an essential step. In contrast, image anomaly detection has leveraged advancements in technologies for analyzing spatial patterns and visual features, achieving high accuracy and promoting research aimed at improving efficiency. We propose a novel framework that bridges image anomaly detection with time series data. Using Gramian Angular Field (GAF) transformations, we convert time series into images and apply state-of-the-art techniques, Reverse Distillation (RD) and EfficientAD (EAD), for efficient and accurate anomaly detection. Tailored preprocessing and transformations further enhance performance and interoperability. When evaluated on the multivariate time series anomaly detection dataset Secure Water Treatment (SWaT) and the univariate datasets University of California, Riverside (UCR) and Numenta Anomaly Benchmark (NAB), our approach demonstrated high recall overall and achieved approximately 99% F1 scores on some univariate datasets, proving its effectiveness as a novel solution for time series anomaly detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Fault Diagnosis & Sensors)
14 pages, 306 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Status of Very Elderly Outpatients with Heart Failure and Its Influence on Prognosis
by Sonia González-Sosa, Pablo Santana-Vega, Alba Rodríguez-Quintana, Jose A. Rodríguez-González, José M. García-Vallejo, Alicia Puente-Fernández and Alicia Conde-Martel
Nutrients 2024, 16(24), 4401; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244401 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Malnutrition has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure (HF). However, nutritional problems are underdiagnosed in these patients. This study aimed to analyse malnutrition prevalence in elderly HF patients and its impact on survival. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Malnutrition has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure (HF). However, nutritional problems are underdiagnosed in these patients. This study aimed to analyse malnutrition prevalence in elderly HF patients and its impact on survival. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including patients aged ≥85 years diagnosed with HF followed up by a specific HF unit between 2015 and 2023. All patients underwent a nutritional assessment at the start of follow-up. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, functional, cognitive and frailty status, heart disease characteristics and laboratory data, as well as admissions, emergency department visits and survival, were collected. The sample was categorised according to nutritional status into normonutrition and impaired nutritional status, and differences were evaluated. Results: Of a total of 413 patients, 52.8% were female, and the mean age was 88.4 ± 2.9 years. A total of 25.4% were at risk of malnutrition and 2.2% malnourished. Dementia [OR = 3.99, 95%CI (2.32–6.86); p < 0.001], hip fracture [OR = 3.54, 95%CI (1.75–7.16); p < 0.001)], worse Barthel index score [OR = 5.44, 95%CI (3.15–9.38); p < 0.001), worse Pfeiffer test [OR = 5.45; 95%CI (3.29–9.04); p < 0.001), worse Frail index [OR = 6.19; 95%CI (2.45–15.61); p < 0.001] and higher Charlson index [OR = 1.95; 95%CI (1.21–3.15); p = 0.006] were associated with worse nutritional status. In addition, patients with poor nutritional status lived 16.69 months less (p < 0.001) than normonutrited patients. Conclusions: At least one in four elderly patients with HF under outpatient follow-up has an impaired nutritional status. This is associated with hip fracture and greater functional and cognitive decline. Patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition survive less than those who are not malnourished. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)
20 pages, 3961 KiB  
Article
TLR7 Promotes Acute Inflammatory-Driven Lung Dysfunction in Influenza-Infected Mice but Prevents Late Airway Hyperresponsiveness
by Mark A. Miles, Stella Liong, Felicia Liong, Gemma S. Trollope, Hao Wang, Robert D. Brooks, Steven Bozinovski, John J. O’Leary, Doug A. Brooks and Stavros Selemidis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13699; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413699 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Severe lower respiratory tract disease following influenza A virus (IAV) infection is characterized by excessive inflammation and lung tissue damage, and this can impair lung function. The effect of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which detects viral RNA to initiate antiviral and proinflammatory responses [...] Read more.
Severe lower respiratory tract disease following influenza A virus (IAV) infection is characterized by excessive inflammation and lung tissue damage, and this can impair lung function. The effect of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), which detects viral RNA to initiate antiviral and proinflammatory responses to IAV, on lung function during peak infection and in the resolution phase is not fully understood. Using wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and TLR7 knockout (TLR7 KO) mice, we found that IAV infection induced airway dysfunction in both genotypes, although in TLR7 KO mice, this dysfunction manifested later, did not affect lung tissue elastance and damping, and was associated with a different immune phenotype. A positive correlation was found between lung dysfunction and the infiltration of neutrophils and Ly6Clo patrolling monocytes at day 7 post-infection. Conversely, in TLR7 KO mice, eosinophil and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells were associated with airway hyperactivity at day 14. IL-5 expression was higher in the airways of IAV-infected TLR7 KO mice, suggesting an enhanced Th2 response due to TLR7 deficiency. This study highlights an underappreciated duality of TLR7 in IAV disease: promoting inflammation-driven lung dysfunction during the acute infection but suppressing eosinophilic and CD8+ T cell-dependent hyperresponsiveness during disease resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Infection and Inflammation: Third Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 568 KiB  
Article
Yield Responses to Total Water Input from Irrigation and Rainfall in Six Wheat Cultivars Under Different Climatic Zones in Egypt
by Ahmed Fawzy Elkot, Yasser Shabana, Maha L. Elsayed, Samir Mahmoud Saleh, Maha A. M. Gadallah, Bruce D. L. Fitt, Benjamin Richard and Aiming Qi
Agronomy 2024, 14(12), 3057; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14123057 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
In Egypt, wheat is the most consumed cereal grain, and its availability and affordability are important for social stability. Irrigation plays a vital role in wheat cultivation, despite intense competition for water resources from the River Nile across various societal sectors. To explore [...] Read more.
In Egypt, wheat is the most consumed cereal grain, and its availability and affordability are important for social stability. Irrigation plays a vital role in wheat cultivation, despite intense competition for water resources from the River Nile across various societal sectors. To explore how grain and above-ground biomass yields respond to total seasonal water input from sowing to maturity in six bread wheat cultivars, eight field irrigation experiments were performed at four locations representative of three agro-climatic zones in two consecutive cropping seasons. A three-replicate strip-plot design was used with cultivars nested within the main plots featuring five irrigation treatments, ranging from six to two applications. Overall, irrigation treatment significantly affected nine agronomic traits. Compared with the six irrigation applications treatment (T1), the two irrigation applications treatment (T5) decreased the times to heading and maturity by 6.6 (7.3%) and 8.6 (6.3%) days, respectively. Similarly, T5 reduced the plant height by 14.9 cm (14.3%), flag leaf area by 12.0 cm2 (27.2%), number of spikes per square metre by 77.7 (20.1%), number of kernels per spike by 13.9 (25.2%) and thousand grain weight by 10.0 g (19.6%). T5 also decreased the overall mean grain yield and above-ground biomass yield by 2834.9 (32.0%) and 7910.4 (32.86%) kg/ha, respectively. The grain yield and above-ground biomass production were consistently greater for all six cultivars at Al Mataenah and Sids than at Nubaria and Ismailia in the two cropping seasons. All six cultivars showed significantly greater responses to total seasonal water input for the grain yield and above-ground biomass at Al Mataenah and Ismailia. These results emphasise the necessity for choosing regions with favourable soil and climatic conditions to grow wheat cultivars that respond better to irrigation to enhance the large-scale production of wheat in Egypt. The grain and above-ground biomass yields were mostly linearly and positively associated with the total seasonal water input for all six cultivars at all four locations. This suggests that maintaining the current irrigation schedule of six irrigations is valid and should be practised to maximise productivity, particularly in areas similar to the three representative agro-climatic zones in Egypt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Water Use and Irrigation)
14 pages, 2426 KiB  
Article
Mechanistic Insights into the Adenosine A1 Receptor’s Positive Allosteric Modulation for Non-Opioid Analgesics
by Tal Weizmann, Abigail Pearce, Peter Griffin, Achille Schild, Maren Flaßhoff, Philipp Grossenbacher, Martin Lochner, Christopher A. Reynolds, Graham Ladds and Giuseppe Deganutti
Cells 2024, 13(24), 2121; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13242121 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is a promising target for pain treatment. However, the development of therapeutic agonists is hampered by adverse effects, mainly including sedation, bradycardia, hypotension, or respiratory depression. Recently discovered molecules able to overcome this impediment are the [...] Read more.
The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is a promising target for pain treatment. However, the development of therapeutic agonists is hampered by adverse effects, mainly including sedation, bradycardia, hypotension, or respiratory depression. Recently discovered molecules able to overcome this impediment are the positive allosteric modulator MIPS521 and the A1R-selective agonist BnOCPA, which are both potent and powerful analgesics with fewer side effects. While BnOCPA directly activates the A1R from the canonical orthosteric site, MIPS521 binds to an allosteric site, acting in concert with orthosteric adenosine and tuning its pharmacology. Given their overlapping profile in pain models but distinct mechanisms of action, we combined pharmacology and microsecond molecular dynamics simulations to address MIPS521 and BnOCPA activity and their reciprocal influence when bound to the A1R. We show that MIPS521 changes adenosine and BnOCPA G protein selectivity in opposite ways and propose a structural model where TM7 dynamics are differently affected and involved in the G protein preferences of adenosine and BnOCPA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adenosine and Purinergic Receptors: Regulation and Essential Role in Human Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3914 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Structural Health of High-Rise Buildings and Its Influencing Factors Using Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery: A Case Study of the Guangzhou–Foshan Metropolitan Area
by Di Huang, Zhixin Qi, Suya Lin, Yuze Gu, Wenxuan Song and Qianwen Lv
Buildings 2024, 14(12), 4074; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14124074 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Urban growth is increasingly shifting from horizontal expansion to vertical development, resulting in skylines dominated by high-rise buildings. The post-construction operations and maintenance of these buildings are critical, requiring regular structural health monitoring (SHM) to proactively identify and address potential safety concerns. Interferometric [...] Read more.
Urban growth is increasingly shifting from horizontal expansion to vertical development, resulting in skylines dominated by high-rise buildings. The post-construction operations and maintenance of these buildings are critical, requiring regular structural health monitoring (SHM) to proactively identify and address potential safety concerns. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has proven effective for monitoring building safety, but most studies rely on high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The high cost and limited coverage of these images restrict their use for large-scale monitoring. Sentinel-1 medium-resolution SAR images, which are freely available and offer broad coverage, make large-scale SHM more feasible. However, studies on the use of Sentinel-1 SAR images for structural health monitoring, especially at large spatial scales, remain limited. To address this gap, in this study, Sentinel-1 SAR images and PS-InSAR technology are proposed for performing a comprehensive structural safety assessment of super high-rise buildings in the Guangzhou–Foshan Metropolitan Area (GFMA) and for analyzing the influencing factors. Our assessment shows that while the overall structural safety of these buildings is satisfactory, certain areas, including Pearl River New Town, central Huadu district in Guangzhou, and southeastern Shunde district in Foshan, exhibit suboptimal safety conditions. We verified these findings using GNSS data and on-site investigations, confirming that Sentinel-1 SAR imagery offers reliable accuracy for monitoring building structural health. Furthermore, we identified factors such as settlement in soft soil layers, the construction of surrounding (underground) infrastructure, and building aging, which could potentially impact building structural safety. The results demonstrate that Sentinel-1 SAR images provide a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method for the large-scale monitoring of building stability, enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and informing strategies to prevent potential safety crises, and also ensuring the sustainable development of society. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planning for Sustainable Land Use and Built Environment in High-Density Cities)
33 pages, 9160 KiB  
Article
Optimized Analytical–Numerical Procedure for Ultrasonic Sludge Treatment for Agricultural Use
by Filippo Laganà, Salvatore A. Pullano, Giovanni Angiulli and Mario Versaci
Algorithms 2024, 17(12), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/a17120592 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated approach based on physical–mathematical models and numerical simulations to optimize sludge treatment using ultrasound. The main objective is to improve the efficiency of the purification system by reducing the weight and moisture of the purification sludge, therefore ensuring [...] Read more.
This paper presents an integrated approach based on physical–mathematical models and numerical simulations to optimize sludge treatment using ultrasound. The main objective is to improve the efficiency of the purification system by reducing the weight and moisture of the purification sludge, therefore ensuring regulatory compliance and environmental sustainability. A coupled temperature–humidity model, formulated by partial differential equations, describes materials’ thermal and water evolution during treatment. The numerical resolution, implemented by the finite element method (FEM), allows the simulation of the system behavior and the optimization of the operating parameters. Experimental results confirm that ultrasonic treatment reduces the moisture content of sludge by up to 20% and improves its stability, making it suitable for agricultural applications or further treatment. Functional controls of sonication and the reduction of water content in the sludge correlate with the obtained results. Ultrasound treatment has been shown to decrease the specific weight of the sludge sample both in pretreatment and treatment, therefore improving stabilization. In various experimental conditions, the weight of the sludge is reduced by a maximum of about 50%. Processed sludge transforms waste into a resource for the agricultural sector. Treatment processes have been optimized with low-energy operating principles. Additionally, besides utilizing energy-harvesting technology, plant operating processes have been optimized, accounting for approximately 55% of the consumption due to the aeration of active sludge. In addition, an extended analysis of ultrasonic wave propagation is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Optimization and Algorithms: 3rd Edition)
11 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
Associations of Depression Score with Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites in Urine: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Hai Zhao and Xuejun Kang
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121290 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Objectives: Growing evidence suggests a link between organophosphate insecticides and depression disorder. These chemicals are metabolized and subsequently expelled through the urinary tract. The present study aims to investigate whether dialkyl phosphate metabolites associate with depression score and severity among the general population. [...] Read more.
Objectives: Growing evidence suggests a link between organophosphate insecticides and depression disorder. These chemicals are metabolized and subsequently expelled through the urinary tract. The present study aims to investigate whether dialkyl phosphate metabolites associate with depression score and severity among the general population. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depression was evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites were quantitatively analyzed. The survey’s complex design parameters and sampling weights were considered. Results: 3035 eligible individuals were included. The estimated prevalence of mild and major depression was 18.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.9–19.7%) and 9.9% (95% CI: 8.7–11.0%). For each incremental unit in the level of urinary dimethyl phosphate (DMP), individuals were found to have a higher depression score of 0.77 and a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.12–1.13) for mild depression and 2.75 (95% CI: 2.74–2.76) for major depression. Conclusions: Our findings indicate positive and independent associations between urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolites and an elevated risk of depression among the general population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychiatric Diseases)
23 pages, 3211 KiB  
Article
Integrative Framework for Decoding Spatial and Temporal Drivers of Land Use Change in Malaysia: Strategic Insights for Sustainable Land Management
by Guanqiong Ye, Kehao Chen, Yiqun Yang, Shanshan Liang, Wenjia Hu and Liuyue He
Land 2024, 13(12), 2248; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13122248 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Identifying the drivers of land use and cover change (LUCC) is crucial for sustainable land management. However, understanding spatial differentiation and conducting inter-regional comparisons of these drivers remains limited, particularly in regions like Malaysia, where complex interactions between human activities and natural conditions [...] Read more.
Identifying the drivers of land use and cover change (LUCC) is crucial for sustainable land management. However, understanding spatial differentiation and conducting inter-regional comparisons of these drivers remains limited, particularly in regions like Malaysia, where complex interactions between human activities and natural conditions pose significant challenges. This study presents a novel analytical framework to examine the spatial variations and complexities of LUCC, specifically addressing the spatiotemporal patterns, driving factors, and pathways of LUCC in Malaysia from 2010 to 2020. Integrating the land use transfer matrix, GeoDetector model, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we reveal a significant expansion of farmland and urban areas alongside a decline in forest cover, with notable regional variations in Malaysia. Human-driven factors, such as population growth and economic development, are identified as the primary forces behind these changes, outweighing the influence of natural conditions. Critically, the interactions among these drivers exert a stronger influence on LUCC dynamics in Malaysia than any single factor alone, suggesting increasingly complex LUCC predictions in the future. This complexity emphasizes the urgency of proactive, multifaceted, and region-specific land management policies to prevent irreversible environmental degradation. By proposing tailored land management strategies for Malaysia’s five subnational regions, this study addresses spatial variations in drivers and climate resilience, offering a strategic blueprint for timely action that can benefit Malaysia and other regions facing similar challenges in sustainable land management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use/Cover Change and Its Impacts on Regional Sustainable Development)
37 pages, 4111 KiB  
Article
Urban Green Infrastructures as Tools for Urban Interconnection: The Case of San Bartolomeo District in Cagliari, Italy
by Luigi Mundula, Clara Di Fazio, Francesca Leccis and Maria Paradiso
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 11246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411246 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Contemporary urban areas are often characterized by various forms of enclaves, isolated from their surrounding geographical context. Urban green infrastructures provide an opportunity to open these enclaves, establishing physical and functional connections with the broader city, while also contributing to climate change mitigation [...] Read more.
Contemporary urban areas are often characterized by various forms of enclaves, isolated from their surrounding geographical context. Urban green infrastructures provide an opportunity to open these enclaves, establishing physical and functional connections with the broader city, while also contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study examines the district of San Bartolomeo in the Italian city of Cagliari as an example of an urban enclave, and employs a participatory planning process to design a project that transforms it into a hub open to the wider city community. The result is a neighborhood shaped by its community, where social, economic, and environmental needs are balanced, fostering constant interaction between residents and the city as a whole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Systems Approach to Urban Greenspace System and Climate Change)
25 pages, 889 KiB  
Review
Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries—Technologies, Environmental, Human Health, and Economic Issues—Mini-Systematic Literature Review
by Geani Teodor Man, Andreea Maria Iordache, Ramona Zgavarogea and Constantin Nechita
Membranes 2024, 14(12), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14120277 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Global concerns about pollution reduction, associated with the continuous technological development of electronic equipment raises challenge for the future regarding lithium-ion batteries exploitation, use, and recovery through recycling of critical metals. Several human and environmental issues are reported, including related diseases caused by [...] Read more.
Global concerns about pollution reduction, associated with the continuous technological development of electronic equipment raises challenge for the future regarding lithium-ion batteries exploitation, use, and recovery through recycling of critical metals. Several human and environmental issues are reported, including related diseases caused by lithium waste. Lithium in Li-ion batteries can be recovered through various methods to prevent environmental contamination, and Li can be reused as a recyclable resource. Classical technologies for recovering lithium from batteries are associated with various environmental issues, so lithium recovery remains challenging. However, the emergence of membrane processes has opened new research directions in lithium recovery, offering hope for more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions. These processes can be integrated into current industrial recycling flows, having a high recovery potential and paving the way for a more sustainable future. A second method, biolexivation, is eco-friendly, but this point illustrates significant drawbacks when used on an industrial scale. We discussed toxicity induced by metals associated with Li to iron-oxidizing bacteria, which needs further study since it causes low recycling efficiency. One major environmental problem is the low efficiency of the recovery of Li from the water cycle, which affects global-scale safety. Still, electromembranes can offer promising solutions in the future, but there is needed to update regulations to actual needs for both producing and recycling LIB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Membrane Applications for Energy)
16 pages, 3290 KiB  
Article
Cmpk2 Gene and Protein Expression in Saliva or Salivary Glands of Dyslipidemic Mice
by Baiyan Zhang, Akiyo Kawamoto, Masato Nakagawa, Yoshitomo Honda and Kazuya Takahashi
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 12004; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412004 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Salivary biomarkers are promising molecules for diagnosing systemic diseases. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, little is known about the role of the CMPK2 gene in saliva and dyslipidemia. This study investigated the relationship between serum lipid [...] Read more.
Salivary biomarkers are promising molecules for diagnosing systemic diseases. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, little is known about the role of the CMPK2 gene in saliva and dyslipidemia. This study investigated the relationship between serum lipid levels and Cmpk2 mRNA expression in the saliva of dyslipidemic mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was employed to assess the localization of the CMPK2 protein in the submandibular gland. Two types of dyslipidemic mice were utilized: mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and genetically dyslipidemic ApoE-deficient mice. The mice at 9 to 46 weeks were analyzed for serum lipid levels, Cmpk2 mRNA expression in saliva, and CMPK2 protein localization in the submandibular glands. Both dyslipidemic mice displayed elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in serum. ApoE-deficient mice apparently exhibited increased Cmpk2 expression in saliva. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that CMPK2 proteins were primarily localized in the serous acini, potentially associated with the secretion of Cmpk2 mRNA in saliva. These findings suggest that Cmpk2 mRNA increases and is detectable in the saliva of dyslipidemic mice, providing a viable experimental model to assess the potential use of CMPK2 as a biomarker for dyslipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Biomarkers for Noncommunicable Diseases)
13 pages, 475 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Planting Densities of Solanum nigrum L. on the Growth and Cadmium Uptake of Young Grapevines
by Yuanxiang Yang, Qinfeng Zheng, Jin Wang, Xiulan Lv, Dong Liang, Renyan Liao and Lijin Lin
Agronomy 2024, 14(12), 3056; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14123056 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Abstract: We determine the best planting density of Solanum nigrum L. when intercropping with young grapevines to decrease cadmium (Cd) uptake by young grapevines. The effects of different planting densities (plant spacing × row spacing, in centimeters, and designated as 40 × 80, [...] Read more.
Abstract: We determine the best planting density of Solanum nigrum L. when intercropping with young grapevines to decrease cadmium (Cd) uptake by young grapevines. The effects of different planting densities (plant spacing × row spacing, in centimeters, and designated as 40 × 80, 40 × 40, 20 × 40 and 20 × 20, respectively) of S. nigrum on the growth and Cd uptake of young grapevines were studied. The 40 × 80 and 40 × 40 treatments increased the biomass, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthesis of young grapevines, while the 20 × 40 and 20 × 20 treatments decreased these traits compared with the monoculture. With increasing intercropping density, the antioxidant enzyme activity of both plant species increased. Intercropping with S. nigrum decreased the Cd content in young grapevines, and the 40 × 80, 40 × 40, 20 × 40 and 20 × 20 treatments decreased the shoot Cd content in young grapevines by 20.89%, 26.11%, 38.12% and 45.95%, respectively, compared with the monoculture. Additionally, increasing the intercropping density increased the Cd content and extraction of S. nigrum. Thus, intercropping young grapevine with S. nigrum can decrease Cd uptake in young grapevines while remediating soil Cd-contamination, and the most optimal treatment is 20 × 20 in this experiment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Innovative Cropping Systems)
83 pages, 14385 KiB  
Review
A Review of Large Language Models: Fundamental Architectures, Key Technological Evolutions, Interdisciplinary Technologies Integration, Optimization and Compression Techniques, Applications, and Challenges
by Songyue Han, Mingyu Wang, Jialong Zhang, Dongdong Li and Junhong Duan
Electronics 2024, 13(24), 5040; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13245040 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Large language model-related technologies have shown astonishing potential in tasks such as machine translation, text generation, logical reasoning, task planning, and multimodal alignment. Consequently, their applications have continuously expanded from natural language processing to computer vision, scientific computing, and other vertical industry fields. [...] Read more.
Large language model-related technologies have shown astonishing potential in tasks such as machine translation, text generation, logical reasoning, task planning, and multimodal alignment. Consequently, their applications have continuously expanded from natural language processing to computer vision, scientific computing, and other vertical industry fields. This rapid surge in research work in a short period poses significant challenges for researchers to comprehensively grasp the research dynamics, understand key technologies, and develop applications in the field. To address this, this paper provides a comprehensive review of research on large language models. First, it organizes and reviews the research background and current status, clarifying the definition of large language models in both Chinese and English communities. Second, it analyzes the mainstream infrastructure of large language models and briefly introduces the key technologies and optimization methods that support them. Then, it conducts a detailed review of the intersections between large language models and interdisciplinary technologies such as contrastive learning, knowledge enhancement, retrieval enhancement, hallucination dissolution, recommendation systems, reinforcement learning, multimodal large models, and agents, pointing out valuable research ideas. Finally, it organizes the deployment and industry applications of large language models, identifies the limitations and challenges they face, and provides an outlook on future research directions. Our review paper aims not only to provide systematic research but also to focus on the integration of large language models with interdisciplinary technologies, hoping to provide ideas and inspiration for researchers to carry out industry applications and the secondary development of large language models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Large Language Models)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2393 KiB  
Article
Fully Automated Assessment of Cardiac Chamber Volumes and Myocardial Mass on Non-Contrast Chest CT with a Deep Learning Model: Validation Against Cardiac MR
by Ramona Schmitt, Christopher L. Schlett, Jonathan I. Sperl, Saikiran Rapaka, Athira J. Jacob, Manuel Hein, Muhammad Taha Hagar, Philipp Ruile, Dirk Westermann, Martin Soschynski, Fabian Bamberg and Christopher Schuppert
Diagnostics 2024, 14(24), 2884; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14242884 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Background: To validate the automated quantification of cardiac chamber volumes and myocardial mass on non-contrast chest CT using cardiac MR (CMR) as a reference. Methods: We retrospectively included 53 consecutive patients who received non-contrast chest CT and CMR within three weeks. A deep [...] Read more.
Background: To validate the automated quantification of cardiac chamber volumes and myocardial mass on non-contrast chest CT using cardiac MR (CMR) as a reference. Methods: We retrospectively included 53 consecutive patients who received non-contrast chest CT and CMR within three weeks. A deep learning model created cardiac segmentations on axial soft-tissue reconstructions from CT, covering all four cardiac chambers and the left ventricular myocardium. Segmentations on CMR cine short-axis and long-axis images served as a reference. Standard estimates of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for ventricular volumes at end-diastole and end-systole (LVEDV, LVESV, RVEDV, RVESV), left ventricular mass (LVM), and atrial volumes (LA, RA) at ventricular end-diastole. A qualitative assessment noted segmentation issues. Results: The deep learning model generated CT measurements for 52 of the 53 patients (98%). Based on CMR measurements, the average LVEDV was 166 ± 64 mL, RVEDV was 144 ± 51 mL, and LVM was 115 ± 39 g. The CT measurements correlated well with CMR measurements for LVEDV, LVESV, and LVM (r = 0.85, r = 0.84, and r = 0.91; all p < 0.001) and RVEDV and RVESV (r = 0.82 and r = 0.84; both p < 0.001), and moderately well with LA and RA (r = 0.77 and r = 0.67; both p < 0.001). Absolute agreements likewise favored LVEDV, LVESV, and LVM. ECG-gating did not relevantly influence the results. The CT results correctly identified 7/15 LV and 1/1 RV as dilated (one and six false positives, respectively). Major qualitative issues were found in three cases (6%). Conclusions: Automated cardiac chamber volume and myocardial mass quantification on non-contrast chest CT produced viable measurements in this retrospective sample. Relevance Statement: An automated cardiac assessment on non-contrast chest CT provides quantitative morphological data on the heart, enabling a preliminary organ evaluation that aids in incidentally identifying at-risk patients who may benefit from a more targeted diagnostic workup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiothoracic Imaging: Diagnostics and Modern Techniques—2nd Edition)
23 pages, 1204 KiB  
Article
Riverbed Adjustments in Gravel–Sand Reaches Immediately Downstream of Large Reservoirs
by Sixuan Li, Lingling Zhu, Jing Yuan, Bingjiang Dong, Chaonan Lv and Chenggang Yang
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 11245; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411245 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
The operation of large reservoirs significantly modifies flow–sediment regimes, and the reaches immediately downstream of the dams are the first to undergo responsive channel adjustments. Considering that the geomorphological responses are directly related to the flood control safety, channel stability and other sustainable [...] Read more.
The operation of large reservoirs significantly modifies flow–sediment regimes, and the reaches immediately downstream of the dams are the first to undergo responsive channel adjustments. Considering that the geomorphological responses are directly related to the flood control safety, channel stability and other sustainable functions of rivers, this paper explores the similarities and dissimilarities of the channel adjustments in the two reaches with gravel–sand beds immediately downstream of the Xiangjiaba reservoir and the Three Gorges Dam, respectively. The results show that major erosion primarily occurred during the initial years of reservoir impoundment. And then with the prominent reduction in washable sediment on the riverbed, the erosion intensity further weakened. It takes 6 to 13 years for the two reaches to reach a new state of relative equilibrium. In comparison, after the equilibrium state has been achieved, the reach with significant tributary sediment inflows exhibits alternating erosion and deposition dynamics, while the other remains relatively stable. The tributaries that transport a large amount of sediment during floods are the main sources of sediment deposition in the downstream reaches of the Xiangjiaba reservoir. However, the tributary inflow of the Qing River with low sediment concentrations has little impact on the riverbed evolution of the reaches from Yichang to Zhicheng immediately downstream of the Three Gorges Dam. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of geomorphic adjustments near dams in response to upstream damming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sediment Movement, Sustainable Water Conservancy and Water Transport)
17 pages, 2079 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Cryopreservation Protocols for Coffea racemosa and Coffea liberica: Impact of Moisture Content and Packaging on Seed Viability
by Stefania Vilas Boas Coelho, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa, Lilian Padilha, Janaina Guarieiro Ribeiro de Assis, Ana Luiza de Oliveira Vilela, Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira, Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho and Masako Toma Braghini
Agronomy 2024, 14(12), 3058; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14123058 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
Cryopreservation protocols have not yet been defined for seeds of some Coffea species due to their high sensitivity to desiccation and to ultra-low temperatures, factors that lead to low seed survival rates after warming. This reduced rate occurs due to several factors that [...] Read more.
Cryopreservation protocols have not yet been defined for seeds of some Coffea species due to their high sensitivity to desiccation and to ultra-low temperatures, factors that lead to low seed survival rates after warming. This reduced rate occurs due to several factors that compromise cellular integrity during the steps of the process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of moisture content and the types of packaging on the cryopreservation of Coffea racemosa and Coffea liberica var dewevrei seeds. For that purpose, seeds were dried to moisture contents of 18, 20, and 25% (dry basis—db) for C. racemosa and to contents of 20, 25, 30, and 35% for C. liberica. The seeds were then packed in mesh bags, Falcon tubes, and triple-laminated aluminum foil pouches before being directly immersed in liquid nitrogen. Physiological and biochemical analyses were performed on the seeds. There was interaction between moisture content and the packaging of the seeds of the species. Drying the seeds to a 20% moisture content and packing them in triple-laminated aluminum foil pouches provided the best cryopreservation protocol among those studied, with survival rates of 79 and 8% for C. racemosa and C. liberica, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agroecology Innovation: Achieving System Resilience)
20 pages, 319 KiB  
Article
Lyapunov Inequalities for Systems of Tempered Fractional Differential Equations with Multi-Point Coupled Boundary Conditions via a Fix Point Approach
by Hailong Ma and Hongyu Li
Fractal Fract. 2024, 8(12), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8120754 (registering DOI) - 21 Dec 2024
Abstract
In this paper, we study a system of nonlinear tempered fractional differential equations with multi-point coupled boundary conditions. By applying the properties of Green’s function and the operator and combining the method of matrix analysis, we obtain the corresponding Lyapunov inequalities under two [...] Read more.
In this paper, we study a system of nonlinear tempered fractional differential equations with multi-point coupled boundary conditions. By applying the properties of Green’s function and the operator and combining the method of matrix analysis, we obtain the corresponding Lyapunov inequalities under two Banach spaces. And, we have compared two Lyapunov inequalities under certain conditions. An example is given to verify our results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equation and Fixed-Point Theory)
More Articles...

Open Access Journals

► Browse by Indexing ► Browse by Subject ► Selected Journals
Explore All Journals...

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

News

17 December 2024
Over 100 German Universities Partner with MDPI in New National Agreement
17 December 2024
Article Layout and Template Revised for Future Volumes
12 December 2024
MDPI Signs Flat-Fee Publishing Agreement with Universidad Católica San Vicente Mártir de Valencia (UCV)
More News & Announcements...

Blog Posts

More From Our Blog...

Topics

More Topics...
loading...

Selected Special Issues

Selected Collections

Back to TopTop