EMC and Reliability of Power Networks

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global push towards net zero is placing a greater emphasis on energy quality, integrity, security and resilience than ever before as renewable electricity, largely from photovoltaic solar and wind sources, is growing to both provide the much-needed additional energy capacity as well as replace existing fossil fuels.

This process is leading a (r)evolution of modern power distribution and transmission networks in both network topology, as HVDC becomes more prominent and needs to coexist within a heterogeneous transmission system, and in operating procedures with the introduction of new technologies, new sophisticated control schemes, information communication technology (ICT) systems, etc.

EMC plays an essential role in defining the energy quality and systems’ reliability as there are many aspects of the network that can create, or be susceptible to, EMI. Modern networks are subject to a wide range of disturbances, both natural, such as lightning strikes and faults induced by weather conditions (ice, falling trees, storms), and human-made, due to switching devices and intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI).

These disturbances can lead to effects ranging from sensitive load damage and insulation deterioration, and even to power supply interruption and blackout.

It is clear that the electromagnetic environment of power networks is becoming increasingly complex, with new challenges that need addressing. This Topic will address EMI issues in power transmission systems in the widest sense, including issues of noise coupling, partial discharge events, non-linearities between different parts of a network, and challenges to controlling and monitoring systems. Papers addressing issues of fundamental theory, modelling, mitigation, monitoring, detection, or specific case studies will be of particular interest.

Topics of interest for this Topic include but are not limited to:

• Simulation of power transmission line electromagnetic transients;
• New modelling techniques in the frequency and time domain to simulate power networks involving phenomena with a wide range of frequencies;
• Co-simulation of transmission–distribution–communication models;
• Aging of structures due to electrical and mechanical stress;
• Fault location techniques;
• Partial discharge location techniques;
• HVDC and HVAC networks;
• Online power network diagnosis and monitoring techniques;
• EMI and IEMI;
• Lightning strikes.

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	16.8 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Sensors sensors	3.4	7.3	2001	18.6 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Electronics electronics	2.6	5.3	2012	16.4 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Modelling modelling	1.3	2.7	2020	18.9 Days	CHF 1000	Submit
Electricity electricity	-	4.8	2020	27.9 Days	CHF 1000	Submit

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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All Energies Sensors Electronics Modelling Electricity

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22 pages, 5746 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Temperature and Current on the Insulation Performance of PE and PVC Power Cables: A Finite Element Approach

by Gökçe Koç and Ömer Işık

Energies 2025, 18(6), 1366; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061366 - 11 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 609

Abstract

In this study, a numerical simulation was used to evaluate the insulation performance of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under varied environmental and electrical conditions. Tests were conducted at temperatures of 22 °C and 55 °C, with current levels of 40 A [...] Read more.

In this study, a numerical simulation was used to evaluate the insulation performance of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under varied environmental and electrical conditions. Tests were conducted at temperatures of 22 °C and 55 °C, with current levels of 40 A and 60 A, examining key parameters such as electric field intensity, current density, and Joule heating. The results show that, under lower temperature and current conditions, PE demonstrates greater current capacity but suffers from increased Joule heating and energy loss. Conversely, PVC provides more stable insulation with lower energy dissipation. At higher temperatures and currents, PE experiences significant electrical stress and thermal loading, increasing the risk of overheating, while PVC maintains consistent performance. These findings offer valuable guidance for selecting optimal insulation materials in power distribution systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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13 pages, 623 KiB  

Open AccessTechnical Note

The Influence of Harmonic Content on the RMS Value of Electromagnetic Fields Emitted by Overhead Power Lines

by Jozef Bendík, Matej Cenký and Žaneta Eleschová

Modelling 2024, 5(4), 1519-1531; https://doi.org/10.3390/modelling5040079 - 16 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1123

Abstract

This paper investigates the influence of harmonic content on the root mean square value of electromagnetic fields emitted by overhead power lines. The paper presents a methodology to assess the intensity of electric field and magnetic flux density, incorporating both fundamental frequencies and [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the influence of harmonic content on the root mean square value of electromagnetic fields emitted by overhead power lines. The paper presents a methodology to assess the intensity of electric field and magnetic flux density, incorporating both fundamental frequencies and harmonics. The results of our calculations indicate that harmonic distortion in current waveforms can significantly increase the RMS value of magnetic flux density but its effect on electric field intensity is minimal. Additionally, our findings highlight a potential increase in induced voltages on buried or overhead steel pipelines in the vicinity of OPLs, which could pose risks such as pipeline damage and increased corrosion. This underscores the importance of considering harmonic content in EMF exposure evaluations to address both health risks and potential infrastructure impacts comprehensively. Effective harmonic management and rigorous infrastructure monitoring are essential to prevent potential hazards and ensure the reliability of protective systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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18 pages, 849 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Gate-Driving Performance Evaluation Based on a New Figure of Merit

by Daniel Sting Martinez-Padron, Nicolas Patin and Eric Monmasson

Electronics 2024, 13(3), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030609 - 1 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1158

Abstract

Fast switching within static converters is a key to high-efficiency operation and a source of electromagnetic disturbances that can harm the proper functioning of the converters themselves or the electronic equipment placed in their neighborhood. To characterize disturbances, engineers are mainly focused on [...] Read more.

Fast switching within static converters is a key to high-efficiency operation and a source of electromagnetic disturbances that can harm the proper functioning of the converters themselves or the electronic equipment placed in their neighborhood. To characterize disturbances, engineers are mainly focused on the spectral content since the higher the switching speed, the more important the high-frequency components are. In this article, a figure of merit (FOM) independent of switching speed is proposed. It allows us to compare switching patterns produced by a gate driver to each other, using as a reference the mathematical optimum of a Gaussian pattern as well as other elementary forms for which the FOM is known. A complete implementation methodology is presented to properly use this FOM that considers an adapted sampling frequency and filtering of signals before processing in order to correctly obtain information for the optimal adjustment of a driver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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17 pages, 4443 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Feasibility of Applying the Electromagnetic Time Reversal Theory to Locate Defects in Grounding Electrodes

by Rafael Alipio, Naiara Duarte, Hamidreza Karami, Marcos Rubinstein and Farhad Rachidi

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5104; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135104 - 1 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1357

Abstract

In recent years, the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory has been successfully applied for locating various sources of disturbances, such as short-circuit faults, in power systems. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of applying EMTR to locate defects (corrosion and [...] Read more.

In recent years, the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory has been successfully applied for locating various sources of disturbances, such as short-circuit faults, in power systems. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the feasibility of applying EMTR to locate defects (corrosion and break points) in grounding systems is presented. An EMTR algorithm to locate faults in buried grounding wires is proposed and a comprehensive analysis with respect to some salient influencing parameters, for instance, the ground conductivity, medium losses, the defect location and type (soft or hard), is carried out. According to the obtained results, the proposed method appears to be very promising for real applications. The need for experimental validation to confirm the applicability of this method is emphasized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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13 pages, 5702 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Near-Field Coupling Effect Analysis of SMD Inductor Using 3D-EM Model

by Gyeong Ryun Choi, HyongJoo Kim, Yonggi Hong, Joosung Hwang, Euihyuk Kim and Wansoo Nah

Electronics 2023, 12(13), 2845; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132845 - 27 Jun 2023

Viewed by 2219

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a methodology for analyzing the near-field coupling between two surface mount device (SMD) inductors using a 3-dimensional electromagnetic (3D-EM) model. To develop the 3D-EM model, we first constitute the equivalent circuit of the SMD inductor from the measured [...] Read more.

In this paper, we propose a methodology for analyzing the near-field coupling between two surface mount device (SMD) inductors using a 3-dimensional electromagnetic (3D-EM) model. To develop the 3D-EM model, we first constitute the equivalent circuit of the SMD inductor from the measured impedance and derive the loss tangent using circuit parameters. Secondly, the loss tangent using damped harmonic oscillator model is introduced to extract the effective permeability of core magnetic material in the SMD inductor. The optimization algorithm is used to compare the two loss tangents. Then the effective permeability is used in the magnetic material for the 3D-EM modeling of the SMD inductor. The validity of the proposed 3D-EM model is confirmed by comparing the impedance and S-parameters obtained from both measured and EM-simulated values for the two near-field coupled SMD inductors. Finally, the near-field coupling effects between the two adjacent SMD inductors are visualized in terms of coupling path visualization (CPV) using the proposed 3D-EM model, which demonstrates its usefulness for near-field coupling analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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18 pages, 6550 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Laboratory Tests of the Resistance of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle to the Normalized near Lightning Electrical Component

by Tomasz Kossowski and Paweł Szczupak

Energies 2023, 16(13), 4900; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134900 - 23 Jun 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1315

Abstract

This article describes a method of immunity testing for commercial unmanned aircraft vehicles relative to a variable near-lightning electric field component. The research focuses on one of the components of the electromagnetic field generated during a lightning discharge: the electrical component. Studies are [...] Read more.

This article describes a method of immunity testing for commercial unmanned aircraft vehicles relative to a variable near-lightning electric field component. The research focuses on one of the components of the electromagnetic field generated during a lightning discharge: the electrical component. Studies are proposed showing the influence of only this one factor on overvoltages arising in the drone. So far, no one has analyzed such an impact from emerging disturbances, because previous studies in the area have largely considered the impact of the entire electromagnetic field. This is justified practically, but not scientifically—it is necessary to determine the impact of each component separately. Selected electronic components are tested here. For that purpose, two types of pulses are used: Wave Form 4 (WF4–6.4/69 μs from DO-160 standard) and Voltage waveform 1.2/50 μs (PN-EN 61000-4-5:2014-10). The testing object is centrally placed in a capacitor between two parallel plates of dimensions 2 m by 2 m to provide a homogeneous electric field. The results (from a Rigol 1054Z oscilloscope) are saved in *.CSV files (for further analysis). The research shows that the greatest overvoltages are in active parts of the drone (higher-than-supply voltage level), such as the RF antenna or semiconductors. This emphasizes the need to pay special attention to the protection of these elements against a pulsed electromagnetic field, especially the electric component (e.g., lightning discharge). Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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20 pages, 1252 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Partial Discharge Localization Method Based on the Improved Artificial Fish Swarms Algorithm

by Hao Qiang, Qun Wang, Hui Niu, Zhaoqi Wang and Jianfeng Zheng

Energies 2023, 16(6), 2928; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062928 - 22 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1886

Abstract

Accurate localization of partial discharge in GIS equipment remains a key focus of daily maintenance for substations, which can be achieved through advanced detection and location techniques, as well as regular maintenance and testing of the equipment. However, there is currently an issue [...] Read more.

Accurate localization of partial discharge in GIS equipment remains a key focus of daily maintenance for substations, which can be achieved through advanced detection and location techniques, as well as regular maintenance and testing of the equipment. However, there is currently an issue with low accuracy in the localization algorithm. Aiming at the problems of low precision and local optimization of the swarm intelligence algorithm in partial discharge localization system of GIS equipment, this paper proposes a 3D localization algorithm based on a time difference of arrival (TDOA) model of the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm (IAFSA). By introducing the investigation behaviour of the artificial bee colony(ABC) algorithm into the artificial fish swarms algorithm (AFSA), this algorithm is more efficient to jump out of the local extremum, enhance the optimization performance, improve the global search ability and overcome the premature convergence. Furthermore, more precise positioning can be achieved with dynamic parameters. The results of the testing function show that IAFSA is significantly superior to AFSA and particle swarm optimization (PSO) in terms of positioning accuracy and stability. When applied to partial discharge localization experiments, the maximum relative positioning error is less than 2.5%. This validates that the proposed method in this paper can achieve high-precision partial discharge localization, has good engineering application value, and provides strong support for the safe operation of GIS equipment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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22 pages, 7281 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Statistical Study on the Time Characteristics of the Transient EMD Excitation Current from the Pantograph–Catenary Arcing Discharge

by Mengzhe Jin, Shaoqian Wang, Shanghe Liu, Qingyuan Fang and Weidong Liu

Electronics 2023, 12(5), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051262 - 6 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1931

Abstract

Electromagnetic disturbances (EMDs) resulting from arcing discharge between the pantograph and catenary pose a serious threat to the electromagnetic safety of electrified trains. The time characteristic of EMD excitation current has a significant impact on the generation mechanism and characteristics of electromagnetic emission [...] Read more.

Electromagnetic disturbances (EMDs) resulting from arcing discharge between the pantograph and catenary pose a serious threat to the electromagnetic safety of electrified trains. The time characteristic of EMD excitation current has a significant impact on the generation mechanism and characteristics of electromagnetic emission from pantograph–catenary discharge, but there have been few studies on the topic. In this paper, a large sample of time-domain waveform parameters were collected through laboratory measurements considering the high randomness nature of the arcing discharge. The reference distributions of the waveform parameters were selected using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and the probability density function parameters that vary with applied voltages and discharge gap spacings were examined. Then, a stochastic model for the derivation of the discharge current waveform was proposed based on statistical results using a modified double exponential function whose parameters can be derived from physical properties. Waveforms of the excitation currents representing different EMD severities were generated by adjusting the quantiles of the fitting distributions. The validity of the stochastic model was demonstrated by comparing the measured and simulated waveforms for both single pulses and pulse trains. The proposed method and generated waveforms can help recreate the electromagnetic environment of pantograph–catenary arcing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic EMC and Reliability of Power Networks)

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