Evolving Insights into Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): From Bench to Bedside—Third Edition

Dear Colleagues,

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability in critically ill patients. It is defined by severe inflammatory injury to the lung parenchyma, disruption of the alveolar–capillary barrier, and profound impairment of gas exchange. Although important advances in supportive care and lung-protective ventilation have improved outcomes in recent decades, ARDS continues to carry an unacceptably high burden of death and survivorship-related morbidity, underscoring the need for deeper biological insight and more individualized approaches to treatment.

This third edition of Evolving Insights into Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis in ARDS: From Bench to Bedside aims to collate current concepts spanning basic mechanisms, translational research, and clinical practice. Contributions are invited to address the marked heterogeneity of ARDS, with particular emphasis on emerging genomic, molecular, and physiological biomarkers, as well as phenotyping strategies that may improve risk stratification and guide targeted therapies.

Advances in diagnostic and monitoring tools are also a central focus, including quantitative imaging, bedside physiological assessment, and data-driven approaches to clinical decision-making. In parallel, this Topic examines contemporary and emerging therapeutic strategies, ranging from pharmacological and immunomodulatory interventions to refined ventilatory management and adjunctive support techniques such as extracorporeal life support.

By integrating evidence from experimental models, clinical trials, and comprehensive reviews, this Topic aims to strengthen the link between mechanistic understanding and bedside practice. The ultimate goal is to move beyond uniform treatment strategies and toward a more precise and physiology- and biology-informed management of ARDS, with the prospect of improving both short-term outcomes and long-term recovery.

Dr. Denise Battaglini
Prof. Dr. Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco
Dr. Raffaele Merola
Topic Editors