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Topic Editors

1. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
2. Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G-014, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil
Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care, AORN Ospedali Dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Evolving Insights into Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): From Bench to Bedside—Third Edition

Abstract submission deadline
31 December 2026
Manuscript submission deadline
31 March 2027
Viewed by
2452

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability in critically ill patients. It is defined by severe inflammatory injury to the lung parenchyma, disruption of the alveolar–capillary barrier, and profound impairment of gas exchange. Although important advances in supportive care and lung-protective ventilation have improved outcomes in recent decades, ARDS continues to carry an unacceptably high burden of death and survivorship-related morbidity, underscoring the need for deeper biological insight and more individualized approaches to treatment.

This third edition of Evolving Insights into Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis in ARDS: From Bench to Bedside aims to collate current concepts spanning basic mechanisms, translational research, and clinical practice. Contributions are invited to address the marked heterogeneity of ARDS, with particular emphasis on emerging genomic, molecular, and physiological biomarkers, as well as phenotyping strategies that may improve risk stratification and guide targeted therapies.

Advances in diagnostic and monitoring tools are also a central focus, including quantitative imaging, bedside physiological assessment, and data-driven approaches to clinical decision-making. In parallel, this Topic examines contemporary and emerging therapeutic strategies, ranging from pharmacological and immunomodulatory interventions to refined ventilatory management and adjunctive support techniques such as extracorporeal life support.

By integrating evidence from experimental models, clinical trials, and comprehensive reviews, this Topic aims to strengthen the link between mechanistic understanding and bedside practice. The ultimate goal is to move beyond uniform treatment strategies and toward a more precise and physiology- and biology-informed management of ARDS, with the prospect of improving both short-term outcomes and long-term recovery.

Dr. Denise Battaglini
Prof. Dr. Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco
Dr. Raffaele Merola
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • diagnosis
  • extracorporeal life support
  • personalized therapies
  • respiratory mechanics
  • respiratory physiology
  • subphenotypes

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Biomedicines
biomedicines 		3.9 6.8 2013 21 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Clinics and Practice
clinpract 		2.2 2.8 2011 25.7 Days CHF 1800 Submit
Diagnostics
diagnostics 		3.3 5.9 2011 21.6 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Diseases
diseases 		3.0 3.7 2013 21 Days CHF 1800 Submit
Journal of Clinical Medicine
jcm 		2.9 5.2 2012 18.5 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Pathophysiology
pathophysiology 		2.6 4.6 1994 27.8 Days CHF 1500 Submit

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review
Patient Self-Inflicted Lung Injury in ARDS: From Physiological Concept to Clinical Syndrome
by Raffaele Merola, Patricia R. M. Rocco and Denise Battaglini
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(4), 1412; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041412 - 11 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1847
Abstract
In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), spontaneous breathing is often encouraged to preserve lung function, yet excessive patient-generated inspiratory effort can paradoxically worsen injury, a phenomenon termed patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). In mechanically heterogeneous lungs, uncontrolled effort amplifies regional stress, strain, and [...] Read more.
In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), spontaneous breathing is often encouraged to preserve lung function, yet excessive patient-generated inspiratory effort can paradoxically worsen injury, a phenomenon termed patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). In mechanically heterogeneous lungs, uncontrolled effort amplifies regional stress, strain, and mechanical power, driving alveolar overdistension, cyclic recruitment–derecruitment, pendelluft, and inflammation. Cardiovascular consequences include elevated right ventricular afterload, impaired left ventricular filling, and exacerbation of pulmonary edema. While moderate spontaneous breathing may improve aeration in mild injury, evidence shows that vigorous effort in severe ARDS accelerates histological damage and regional lung stress. Early bedside assessment of respiratory drive and inspiratory effort identifies patients at highest risk, enabling targeted interventions. Strategies to preserve protective spontaneous breathing while limiting injurious effort include individualized positive end-expiratory pressure, titrated sedation, prone positioning, and short-term neuromuscular blockade. By integrating continuous physiological monitoring with personalized ventilatory management, clinicians can mitigate P-SILI, protect the diaphragm, and optimize outcomes. Future studies are needed to test physiology-guided interventions and establish evidence-based approaches to safely harness the benefits of spontaneous breathing in ARDS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Evolving Insights into Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): From Bench to Bedside—Third Edition)
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