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Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche–Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII, 5, I-95121 Catania, Italy
Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linkoping University, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden
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Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume

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closed (30 June 2023)
Manuscript submission deadline
closed (30 September 2023)
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Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are an emerging class of nanostructured low-dimensional materials. The change in properties, caused by a reduction in the dimensionality of 2D materials, means that they are often well suited to applications where bulk material would be unsuitable. The remarkable applications of 2D materials are already immense, but the world of 2D materials has only been partly explored to date, and numerous discoveries are yet to come.

Therefore, we welcome submissions from Applied Sciences, Fluids, Materials, Polymers and Nanomaterials that reveal the huge potential of 2D materials, including but not limited to the following topics:

  • Graphene;
  • Xenes: silicene, stanene, phosphorene, borophene, tellurene, etc.;
  • Transition metal dichalcogenides;
  • Hexagonal boron nitride;
  • MXenes;
  • 2D perovskite;
  • Topological materials;
  • Synthesis and modeling of 2D materials;
  • Van der Waals heterostructures;
  • 3D/2D materials hybrid systems;
  • 2D materials characterization and metrology;
  • Electronic/optoelectronic applications of 2D materials: logic devices, high-frequency electronics, photodetectors, THz electronics;
  • 2D-materials-based spintronics;
  • 2D-materials-based sensors: environmental, biomedical applications;
  • Energy: thermoelectrics, batteries and supercapacitors, hydrogen evolution reaction, light harvesting, etc.

Dr. Filippo Giannazzo
Dr. Ivan Shtepliuk
Topic Editors

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Applied Sciences
applsci 		2.5 5.3 2011 18.4 Days CHF 2400
Fluids
fluids 		1.8 3.4 2016 21.1 Days CHF 1800
Materials
materials 		3.1 5.8 2008 13.9 Days CHF 2600
Nanomaterials
nanomaterials 		4.4 8.5 2010 14.1 Days CHF 2400
Polymers
polymers 		4.7 8.0 2009 14.5 Days CHF 2700

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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8 pages, 2488 KiB  
Communication
Possibilities of Controlling the Quantum States of Hole Qubits in an Ultrathin Germanium Layer Using a Magnetic Substrate: Results from ab Initio Calculations
by Andrey N. Chibisov, Mary A. Chibisova, Anastasiia V. Prokhorenko, Kirill V. Obrazcov, Aleksandr S. Fedorov and Yang-Xin Yu
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(23), 3070; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13233070 - 3 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1506
Abstract
Using density functional theory in the noncollinear approximation, the behavior of quantum states of hole qubits in a Ge/Co:ZnO system was studied in this work. A detailed analysis of the electronic structure and the distribution of total charge density and hole states was [...] Read more.
Using density functional theory in the noncollinear approximation, the behavior of quantum states of hole qubits in a Ge/Co:ZnO system was studied in this work. A detailed analysis of the electronic structure and the distribution of total charge density and hole states was carried out. It was shown that in the presence of holes, the energetically more favorable quantum state is the state |0˃, in contrast to the state |1˃ when there is no hole in the system. The favorability of hole states was found to be dependent on the polarity of the applied electric field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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12 pages, 4692 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Two-Dimensional Copper p-Aminophenol Metal–Organic Framework and Investigation of Its Tribological Properties
by Lei Li, Zhijun Liu, Chuan Li, Xiaodong Wang and Mingling Li
Materials 2023, 16(17), 6061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16176061 - 4 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Here, a novel copper p-aminophenol metal–organic framework (Cu(PAP)2) is first reported. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with a structure simulation, indicated that Cu(PAP)2 is a [...] Read more.
Here, a novel copper p-aminophenol metal–organic framework (Cu(PAP)2) is first reported. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with a structure simulation, indicated that Cu(PAP)2 is a two-dimensional (2D) material with a staggered structure analogous to that of graphite. Based on its 2D graphite-like layer structure, Cu(PAP)2 was expected to exhibit preferable tribological behaviors as an additive in liquid lubricants, and the tribological properties of Cu(PAP)2 as a lubricating additive in hydrogenated polydecene (PAO6) or deionized water were investigated. Compared to PAO6 or deionized water, the results indicated that deionized water-based Cu(PAP)2 showed much better friction reduction and anti-wear behavior than PAO6-based Cu(PAP)2 did, which was due to Cu(PAP)2 penetrating the interface between friction pairs in deionized water, but not in PAO6, thus producing lower friction and wear resistance values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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11 pages, 2223 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of MoS2 Using Chemical Vapor Deposition and Conventional Hydrothermal Methods: Applications to Respiration Sensing
by Eunjin Kim, Ja-Yeon Kim and Min-Ki Kwon
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6084; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106084 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2832
Abstract
A promising alternative to methods for the conventional medical diagnosis of many disorders is respiratory monitoring. Unfortunately, current respiratory monitoring methods can be expensive and require inconvenient equipment, significantly limiting their medical applicability. In this study, we fabricated a respiration sensor that uses [...] Read more.
A promising alternative to methods for the conventional medical diagnosis of many disorders is respiratory monitoring. Unfortunately, current respiratory monitoring methods can be expensive and require inconvenient equipment, significantly limiting their medical applicability. In this study, we fabricated a respiration sensor that uses MoS2-based resistance measurements and analyzed the cause of the slow response time previously reported for MoS2-based sensors. Our results confirm that the crystal phase change of MoS2 affects the absorption and desorption of H2O and the use of the 2H structure results in high sensitivity, a fast response time, and a linear response to water vapor absorption during breathing. This study demonstrates the potential of two-dimensional nanomaterials for humidity and respiration sensors that can be applied in various fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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16 pages, 3068 KiB  
Article
The Physics behind the Modulation of Thermionic Current in Photodetectors Based on Graphene Embedded between Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon
by Teresa Crisci, Piera Maccagnani, Luigi Moretti, Caterina Summonte, Mariano Gioffrè, Rita Rizzoli and Maurizio Casalino
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(5), 872; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13050872 - 26 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1962
Abstract
In this work, we investigate a vertically illuminated near-infrared photodetector based on a graphene layer physically embedded between a crystalline and a hydrogenated silicon layer. Under near-infrared illumination, our devices show an unforeseen increase in the thermionic current. This effect has been ascribed [...] Read more.
In this work, we investigate a vertically illuminated near-infrared photodetector based on a graphene layer physically embedded between a crystalline and a hydrogenated silicon layer. Under near-infrared illumination, our devices show an unforeseen increase in the thermionic current. This effect has been ascribed to the lowering of the graphene/crystalline silicon Schottky barrier as the result of an upward shift in the graphene Fermi level induced by the charge carriers released from traps localized at the graphene/amorphous silicon interface under illumination. A complex model reproducing the experimental observations has been presented and discussed. Responsivity of our devices exhibits a maximum value of 27 mA/W at 1543 nm under an optical power of 8.7 μW, which could be further improved at lower optical power. Our findings offer new insights, highlighting at the same time a new detection mechanism which could be exploited for developing near-infrared silicon photodetectors suitable for power monitoring applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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23 pages, 5880 KiB  
Review
Research Progress and Applications of 2D Antimonene
by Tingting Zhong, Lina Zeng, Zaijin Li, Li Sun, Zhongliang Qiao, Yi Qu, Guojun Liu and Lin Li
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010035 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2980
Abstract
Antimonene has attracted much attention due to its excellent properties such as high carrier mobility, excellent thermoelectric performance and high stability. In order to verify its theoretical advantages, a large number of experimental studies have been carried out and its applications explored. This [...] Read more.
Antimonene has attracted much attention due to its excellent properties such as high carrier mobility, excellent thermoelectric performance and high stability. In order to verify its theoretical advantages, a large number of experimental studies have been carried out and its applications explored. This paper mainly introduces the experimental preparation of antimonene by mechanical exfoliation, liquid phase exfoliation and epitaxial growth, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and describes the applications of antimonene in sensor, battery, medicine and laser. Finally, prospects have been made to the future applications of antimonene in photoelectric field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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10 pages, 5201 KiB  
Article
Band Structure and Quantum Transport of Bent Bilayer Graphene
by Xue Wang and Lei Xu
Materials 2022, 15(23), 8664; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238664 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1417
Abstract
We investigate the band structures and transport properties of a zigzag-edged bent bilayer graphene nanoribbon under a uniform perpendicular magnetic field. Due to its unique geometry, the edge and interface states can be controlled by an electric field or local potential, and the [...] Read more.
We investigate the band structures and transport properties of a zigzag-edged bent bilayer graphene nanoribbon under a uniform perpendicular magnetic field. Due to its unique geometry, the edge and interface states can be controlled by an electric field or local potential, and the conductance exhibits interesting quantized behavior. When Zeeman splitting is considered, the edge states are spin-filtered, and a weak quantum spin Hall (WQSH) phase appears. In the presence of an electric field or local potential, a WQSH-QH junction or WQSH-spin-unbalanced QSH junction can be achieved, respectively, while fully spin-polarized currents appear in the interface region. Zeeman splitting lifts the spin degeneracy, leading to a WQSH around zero energy with a quantized two-terminal conductance of 4e2/h, which is robust against weak nonmagnetic disorder. These results provide a way to manipulate the band structures and transport properties of the system using an electric field, local potential, and Zeeman splitting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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15 pages, 8335 KiB  
Article
Effects of Typical Solvents on the Structural Integrity and Properties of Activated Kaolinite by Wet Ball Milling
by Shunjie Luo, Yang Chen, Weiting Xu, Jiangxiong Wei, Zhaoheng Li, Shiqing Huang, Haoliang Huang, Junlu Zhang and Qijun Yu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4255; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234255 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2126
Abstract
The influence of organic solvents on the structural integrity and properties of activated kaolinite were compared and analyzed via characterization techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results revealed that the organic intercalators can be easily inserted into the interlayer spaces of activated [...] Read more.
The influence of organic solvents on the structural integrity and properties of activated kaolinite were compared and analyzed via characterization techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results revealed that the organic intercalators can be easily inserted into the interlayer spaces of activated kaolinite within a short time of the wet ball milling. The DMSO intercalated kaolinites maintained structural integrity due to the high intercalation rate and the excellent buffering effect against the crushing force of milling during the delamination/exfoliation process. The delaminated layers of the DMSO–kaolinite complex exhibited a high specific surface area of 99.12 m2/g and a low average thickness of 35.21 nm. The calculated elastic properties of the organo-kaolinite complex manifested the intercalation of DMSO into a kaolinite interlayer, which could improve the compressibility and structural integrity of kaolinite nanosheets. The DMSO–kaolinite complex was easier to peel off when compared to the other organic intercalators due to its more intercalated molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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8 pages, 1038 KiB  
Article
Spin-Induced Switching of Electronic State Populations in Transition Metal Polyphthalocyanines
by Deepali Jagga, Vitaly I. Korepanov, Daria M. Sedlovets and Artur Useinov
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8098; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228098 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1842
Abstract
Polyphthalocyanines (PPCs) are a new and promising class of two dimensional materials offering versatile avenues for next generation electronic devices. For organic spintronic devices, PPCs can be engineered to tailor the electric and magnetic properties. In this work, we investigate PPC’s monolayers with [...] Read more.
Polyphthalocyanines (PPCs) are a new and promising class of two dimensional materials offering versatile avenues for next generation electronic devices. For organic spintronic devices, PPCs can be engineered to tailor the electric and magnetic properties. In this work, we investigate PPC’s monolayers with embedded transition metal atoms (TM = Fe, Ni, Cu), utilizing first principle calculations based on spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation (SGGA). PPC sheets with central TM atoms are simulated for the dispersion curves, electronic density of states (DOS), and projected density of states (PDOS) using quantum atomistic toolkit (Quantum ATK) software. According to simulations, the FePPC supercell with four magnetic moments of Fe, aligned in a parallel ferromagnetic (FM) configuration, show the conductive FM state, while in the case of the anti-parallel antiferromagnetic (AFM) order of the magnetic moments, the material exhibits semiconducting non-magnetic behavior. FM-ordered NiPPC displays a metallic state, which is partly suppressed for AFM-ordered NiPPC. In contrast, non-magnetic CuPPC is found to be the best conductor due to its larger PDOS at the Fermi level among all considered systems. Full article
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13 pages, 2215 KiB  
Article
Cancer Diagnosis Using Terahertz-Graphene-Metasurface-Based Biosensor with Dual-Resonance Response
by Chunjian Tan, Shaogang Wang, Shizhen Li, Xu Liu, Jia Wei, Guoqi Zhang and Huaiyu Ye
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(21), 3889; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12213889 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 3215
Abstract
Owing to the outstanding physical properties of graphene, its biosensing applications implemented by the terahertz metasurface are widely concerned and studied. Here, we present a novel design of the graphene metasurface, which consists of an individual graphene ring and an H-shaped graphene structure. [...] Read more.
Owing to the outstanding physical properties of graphene, its biosensing applications implemented by the terahertz metasurface are widely concerned and studied. Here, we present a novel design of the graphene metasurface, which consists of an individual graphene ring and an H-shaped graphene structure. The graphene metasurface exhibits a dual-resonance response, whose resonance frequency strongly varies with the geometrical parameters of the proposed metasurface, the carrier density of graphene, and the analyte composition. The transparency window, including width and position, can be artificially controlled by adjusting the geometrical parameters or the Fermi energy. Furthermore, the sensing parameters of the graphene metasurface for cancerous and normal cells are investigated, focusing on two factors, namely cell quantity and position on the metasurface. The simulated results clearly show that the theoretical sensitivity, figure of merit, and quantity of the graphene metasurface for breast cells reach 1.21 THz/RIU, 2.75 RIU−1, and 2.43, respectively. Our findings may open up new avenues for promising applications in the diagnosis of cancers. Full article
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13 pages, 5355 KiB  
Article
Growth and Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of GaSe1−xSx Crystals
by Madi Aitzhanov, Nazim Guseinov, Renata Nemkayeva, Yerulan Sagidolda, Zhandos Tolepov, Oleg Prikhodko and Yerzhan Mukhametkarimov
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7080; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207080 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of layered crystals has been growing due to the efficiency and scalability of the method, as well as the wide range of practical applications of the obtained dispersions based on two-dimensional flakes. In this [...] Read more.
In recent years, interest in the liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of layered crystals has been growing due to the efficiency and scalability of the method, as well as the wide range of practical applications of the obtained dispersions based on two-dimensional flakes. In this paper, we present a comparative study of as-grown and liquid-phase exfoliated GaSe1−xSx flakes. Bulk GaSe1−xSx crystals with x ~ 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 were synthesized by melting stoichiometric amounts of gallium, selenium, and sulfur particles in evacuated ampoules. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystal structure does not change considerably after LPE, while the analysis of the Raman spectra revealed that, after liquid-phase processing in IPA, an additional peak associated with amorphous selenium is observed in selenium-rich GaSeS compounds. Nevertheless, the direct and indirect transition energies determined from the Kubelka-Munk function for LPE crystals correlate with the band gap of the as-grown bulk GaSeS crystals. This finding is also confirmed by comparison with the data on the positions of the photoluminescence peak. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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8 pages, 1344 KiB  
Brief Report
High-Temperature Annealing Effects on Atomically Thin Tungsten Diselenide Field-Effect Transistor
by Muhammad Atif Khan, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood and Yehia Massoud
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8119; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168119 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material-based devices are expected to operate under high temperatures induced by Joule heating and environmental conditions when integrated into compact integrated circuits for practical applications. However, the behavior of these materials at high operating temperatures is obscure as most studies emphasize [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) material-based devices are expected to operate under high temperatures induced by Joule heating and environmental conditions when integrated into compact integrated circuits for practical applications. However, the behavior of these materials at high operating temperatures is obscure as most studies emphasize only room temperature or low-temperature operation. Here, the high-temperature electrical response of the tungsten diselenide (WSe2) field-effect transistor was studied. It is revealed that 350 K is the optimal annealing temperature for the WSe2 transistor, and annealing at this temperature improves on-current, field-effect mobility and on/off ratio around three times. Annealing beyond this temperature (360 K to 670 K) adversely affects the device performance attributed to the partial oxidation of WSe2 at higher temperatures. An increase in hysteresis also confirms the formation of new traps as the device is annealed beyond 350 K. These findings explicate the thermal stability of WSe2 and can help design 2D materials-based durable devices for high-temperature practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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12 pages, 829 KiB  
Article
Birotons and “Dark” Quantum Hall Hierarchies
by Oleg A. Grigorev, Liliya I. Musina, Alexander B. Van’kov, Oleg V. Volkov and Leonid V. Kulik
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7940; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157940 - 8 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1693
Abstract
A computational scheme is suggested to estimate neutral excitation energies in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) states. The FQHE states are systematized according to the Farey-number hierarchy structure. We show that besides the widely known Laughlin–Jain hierarchy of fractional states, there exist [...] Read more.
A computational scheme is suggested to estimate neutral excitation energies in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) states. The FQHE states are systematized according to the Farey-number hierarchy structure. We show that besides the widely known Laughlin–Jain hierarchy of fractional states, there exist other “dark” hierarchies. Although hardly observed in the highest mobility samples, they can significantly affect the thermodynamics and spectral characteristics of the FQHE states. The known problems in the interpretation of the FQHE’s experimental results are explained in terms of the coexistence of two fundamentally different transformations of the electron system, one of which is a neutral excitation in the FQHE state, whereas the other is a transition between two FQHE ground states, one of which represents the Laughlin–Jain FQHE hierarchy and the other a state of “dark” hierarchies. Full article
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12 pages, 5046 KiB  
Article
Reversible Conversion of Odd/Even One-Way Modes in Magneto-Optical Photonic Crystal Double-Channel Waveguides
by Xinyue Yu, Suna Zhuang, Jianfeng Chen, Zhi-Yuan Li and Wenyao Liang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(14), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12142448 - 17 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2224
Abstract
We have studied the transmission properties of odd/even one-way modes and their reversible conversion in a double-channel waveguide consisting of two magneto-optical photonic crystals (MOPCs) sandwiched with Al2O3 PC. There exist two pairs of even and odd modes, i.e., M1(even)/M2(odd) [...] Read more.
We have studied the transmission properties of odd/even one-way modes and their reversible conversion in a double-channel waveguide consisting of two magneto-optical photonic crystals (MOPCs) sandwiched with Al2O3 PC. There exist two pairs of even and odd modes, i.e., M1(even)/M2(odd) or M3(odd)/M4(even) modes, for the double-channel waveguides with one- or two-stranded coupling layer of Al2O3 rods, respectively. Among them, the M1, M2, and M3 modes are caused by the weak coupling strength of two sub-waveguides, while the M4 mode results from the strong coupling effect and supports dispersionless slow-light propagation. Furthermore, we realize the reversible conversion between odd and even modes (i.e., between M1 and M2 modes, or M3 and M4 modes) in the one- or two-stranded structure, respectively, by adjusting the length and position of the perfect electric conductor (PEC) defect properly to cause the desired significant phase delay along the upper and lower equivalent transmission paths. Additionally, we find that the robustness of the M1 even mode is poor because of extra excitations of counter-propagation modes near the right Brillouin boundary, while the other three modes have extremely strong robustness against PEC defects and their one-way transmittances are nearly 100%. These results hold promise for many fields, such as slow-light modulation and the design of topological devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Applications of 2D Materials, 2nd Volume)
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