Recent Advances in Antibacterial Nanoscale Materials

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2025) | Viewed by 1706

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Undesired bacterial surface colonization has been an ever-present burden to human societies, leading to food spoilage and poisoning, the biofouling of marine structures, and deadly infections, to name just a few negative consequences. Despite groundbreaking and disruptive advances in technology over recent decades, bacteria and their biofilms continue to be a major problem causing patient mortality and losses to the economy. The fast-spreading bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics poses the alarming danger of losing the last defences against bacteria that are available to our civilization.

Fortunately, all hope is not lost. Creative efforts from scientists, engineers and medical practitioners have recently brought about exciting new technologies that hold significant promise. In particular, nanomaterials and innovative surface nanoengineering approaches provide a path forward. Examples of such technologies include ultrasmall metallic nanostructures made of silver or gold, biomimetic surfaces containing antibacterial nanostructures and liquid metal nanodroplets.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to bring together an exciting collection of primary research and review articles on the recent progress in the synthesis, fabrication and utilization of nanoscale materials for antibacterial applications. The goal is to include papers related to as many fields concerned with antibacterial technology as possible, including medicine, agriculture, marine fouling, food production and distribution, etc.

Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Synthesis of antibacterial nanoparticles and nanomaterials;
  • Nanoscale delivery vehicles for antibacterial agents;
  • Nanoscale coatings and surface modification strategies for antibacterial applications;
  • Responsive systems at the nanoscale for the delivery of antibacterial agents;
  • Nanoscale vehicles for the targeted delivery of antibacterial compounds;
  • Mechanistic pathways of nanomaterial antibacterial actions;
  • Methods for the detection of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation involving nanoscale materials.

Prof. Dr. Krasimir Vasilev
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antibacterial
  • nanoparticles
  • nanomaterials
  • drug delivery

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 5058 KB  
Article
Chemically Modified Zein- and Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-Based Core–Shell Sub-Micro/Nanoparticles for Essential Oil Delivery: Antibacterial Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Life Cycle Assessment
by Liudmyla Gryshchuk, Kyriaki Marina Lyra, Zili Sideratou, Fotios K. Katsaros, Sergiy Grishchuk, Nataliia Hudzenko, Milena Násner, José Gallego and Léo Staccioli
Nanomaterials 2026, 16(2), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16020139 - 20 Jan 2026
Abstract
The threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need for sustainable disinfectants have spurred interest in natural antimicrobials such as essential oils (EOs). However, their application is limited by volatility, poor water solubility, and cytotoxicity. Herein, we present the development of bio-based core–shell [...] Read more.
The threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need for sustainable disinfectants have spurred interest in natural antimicrobials such as essential oils (EOs). However, their application is limited by volatility, poor water solubility, and cytotoxicity. Herein, we present the development of bio-based core–shell sub-micro-/nanocapsules (NCs) with encapsulated oregano (OO), thyme (TO), eucalyptus (EuO), and tea tree (TTO) oils to enhance antimicrobial (AM) performance and reduce cytotoxicity. NCs were synthesized via a nanoencapsulation method using chemically modified zein or poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride) (GZA) as shell polymers, with selected EOs encapsulated in their core (encapsulation efficacy > 98%). Chemical modification of zein with vanillin (VA) and GZA with either dodecyl amine (DDA) or 3-(glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (EPTMS) resulted in improvement in particle size distributions, polydispersity indices (PDIs) of synthesized NCs, and in the stability of the NC-dispersions in water. Antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and cytotoxicity assays showed that encapsulation significantly reduced toxicity while preserving their antibacterial activity. Among the formulations, GZA-based NCs modified with EPTMS provided the best balance between safety and efficacy. Despite this, life cycle assessment revealed that zein-based NCs were more environmentally sustainable due to lower energy use and material impact. Overall, the approach offers a promising strategy for developing sustainable, effective, and safe EO-based antibacterial agents for AM applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antibacterial Nanoscale Materials)
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14 pages, 8041 KB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Asafoetida and Their Antibacterial Properties
by Zahra Ramezani, Armita Khayat, Brian De La Franier, Abdolghani Ameri and Michael Thompson
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(23), 1804; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231804 - 29 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Highly luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and copper-doped CQDs (Cu-CQDs) were synthesized from Asafoetida powder using a one-pot hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized CQDs were characterized via microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Photoluminescence studies revealed that CQDs exhibited [...] Read more.
Highly luminescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and copper-doped CQDs (Cu-CQDs) were synthesized from Asafoetida powder using a one-pot hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized CQDs were characterized via microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Photoluminescence studies revealed that CQDs exhibited maximum emission at 450 nm under 335 nm excitation with a quantum yield of 37%, while Cu-CQDs showed a red-shifted emission at 455 nm under 330 nm excitation and a significantly enhanced quantum yield of 73.4%. As a proof of concept for potential biomedical and surface-coating applications, the antimicrobial activity of both CQDs was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Cu-CQDs exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3 mg mL−1. Furthermore, Cu-CQDs were immobilized on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface, and fluorescence microscopy confirmed their antibacterial effectiveness, demonstrating their potential for functionalized antimicrobial coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antibacterial Nanoscale Materials)
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18 pages, 3895 KB  
Article
Biogenic Gold Nanocrystals Knock Down Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence via Quorum-Sensing and Antibiofilm Potential
by Sanket Kumar, Balwant Singh Paliya, Brahma N. Singh and Shivankar Agrawal
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(21), 1648; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15211648 - 28 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance has also been accompanied by the prolonged use of antibiotics that makes complications in treatment. Biofilm in pathogenic bacteria is the most serious challenge linked with chronic illnesses and also contributes to virulence and drug resistance. Several bacterial pathogens employ the [...] Read more.
Multidrug resistance has also been accompanied by the prolonged use of antibiotics that makes complications in treatment. Biofilm in pathogenic bacteria is the most serious challenge linked with chronic illnesses and also contributes to virulence and drug resistance. Several bacterial pathogens employ the Quorum-sensing (QS) mechanism to coordinate their collective behaviors like bioluminescence, virulence, and biofilm formation. Therefore, agents that inhibit or interfere with bacterial QS and biofilm formation are emerging as a new class of next-generation antibacterial. Recently, nanoparticles have been employed to improve the efficacy of existing antibacterial agents. In the present study, gold nanocrystals were synthesized by using Koelreuteria paniculata (KP) leaf extract. Synthesized nanocrystals were characterized by a face-centered cubic structure of ~20 nm by XRD, FTIR, Zeta sizer, and TEM. Biogenic Gold nanocrystals (BGNCs) exhibited extended QS inhibition in bio-indicator strains Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biosensor strains. BGNCs strongly suppressed QS-controlled violacein production in C. violaceum CV026, and elastase, protease, pyocyanin, alginate, and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa (PA01). In addition, BGNCs notably suppressed the relative expression of PA01 quorum sensing, biofilm-forming, and virulence-regulating genes, as quantified by qRT-PCR. As a result of the broad-spectrum suppression of QS and biofilm by BGNCs, it is anticipated that these nontoxic bioactive nanocrystals can be employed as surface sterilization agents in nosocomial infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Antibacterial Nanoscale Materials)
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