10th Anniversary of Universe: Galaxies and Their Black Holes

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1891

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Astronomical Observatory of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
Interests: quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGN); photoionization and dynamical modelling of gaseous regions producing emission lines in a variety of contexts (from emission-line stars to the most powerful quasars); small- and large-scale structures in the universe and observational cosmology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, IT-35122 Padova, Italy
Interests: galaxies; structure and evolution; kinematics and dynamics; clusters; active galactic nuclei; novae and supernovae
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The interplay between galaxies and their central black holes is one of the most fundamental and dynamic areas of astrophysical research. The supermassive black holes residing at the centres of most galaxies play a crucial role in shaping their hosts through processes like feedback and accretion. Similarly, galaxies provide the fuel and environment that govern the growth and activity of these central black holes through mergers or secular processes. This reciprocal relationship is fundamental to understanding cosmic structure formation and evolution across epochs.

This Special Issue aims to consolidate recent advances in the study of galaxies and their black holes, including theoretical, observational, and computational approaches. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the co-evolution of central black holes and galaxies, feedback processes from active galactic nuclei (AGN), the physics of black hole accretion, the role of black holes in galaxy mergers, and new observational insights into the high-redshift universe, as well as stellar- and intermediate-mass black holes that are believed to populate every galaxy. 

By bringing together diverse perspectives, this Special Issue seeks to foster a deeper understanding of how black holes influence galaxy evolution and vice versa, with a focus on the next generation of multimessenger observational facilities and theoretical tools. We invite contributions that communicate or review progress, challenges, and future directions in this field. 

Dr. Paola Marziani
Prof. Dr. Mauro D’Onofrio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Universe is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supermassive black holes
  • accretion
  • galactic evolution
  • feedback
  • multimessenger astronomy
  • high-redshift universe
  • stellar- and intermediate-mass black holes

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 914 KiB  
Article
Spectral and Photometric Studies of NGC 7469 in the Optical Range
by Saule Shomshekova, Inna Reva, Ludmila Kondratyeva, Nazim Huseynov, Vitaliy Kim and Laura Aktay
Universe 2025, 11(7), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11070227 - 10 Jul 2025
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Abstract
The galaxy NGC 7469 is a bright infrared source with an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and an intense star-forming region with a radius of approximately 500 parsecs, where the star formation rate is estimated to be 20–50 Myr1. [...] Read more.
The galaxy NGC 7469 is a bright infrared source with an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and an intense star-forming region with a radius of approximately 500 parsecs, where the star formation rate is estimated to be 20–50 Myr1. This study presents the results of spectral and photometric observations carried out during the period from 2020 to 2024 at the Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute (Almaty, Kazakhstan) and the Nasreddin Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory (Shamakhy, Azerbaijan). Photometric data were obtained using B, V, and Rc filters, while spectroscopic observations covered the wavelength range of λ 4000–7000 Å. Data reduction was performed using the IRAF and MaxIm DL Pro6 software packages. An analysis of the light curves revealed that after the 2019–2020 outburst, the luminosity level of NGC 7469 remained relatively stable until the end of 2024. In November–December 2024, an increase in brightness (∼0.3–0.5 magnitudes) was recorded. Spectral data show variations in the Ha fluxes and an enhancement of them at the end of 2024. On BPT diagrams, the emission line flux ratios [OIII]/H β and [NII]/H α place NGC 7469 on the boundary between regions dominated by different ionization sources: AGN and star-forming regions. The electron density of the gas, estimated from the intensity ratios of the [SII] 6717, 6731 Ålines, is about 9001000cm3. Continued observations will help to determine whether the trend of increasing brightness and emission line fluxes recorded at the end of 2024 will persist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Universe: Galaxies and Their Black Holes)
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18 pages, 2382 KiB  
Article
Bethe–Heitler Cascades and Hard Gamma-Ray Spectra in Flaring TeV Blazars: 1ES 0414009 and 1ES 1959650
by Samuel Victor Bernardo da Silva, Luiz Augusto Stuani Pereira and Rita de Cássia Dos Anjos
Universe 2025, 11(6), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11060177 - 31 May 2025
Viewed by 1418
Abstract
In this work, we present updated models of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for two high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs), that is, 1ES 0414+009 and 1ES 1959+650. The hard gamma-ray spectra observed during their flaring states suggest the presence of an additional emission [...] Read more.
In this work, we present updated models of the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for two high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (HBLs), that is, 1ES 0414+009 and 1ES 1959+650. The hard gamma-ray spectra observed during their flaring states suggest the presence of an additional emission component beyond the standard synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) scenario. We explore the possibility that this hard gamma-ray emission arises from inverse Compton (IC) scattering by Bethe–Heitler pairs produced along the line of sight, pointing to a more complex high-energy emission mechanism in these sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Universe: Galaxies and Their Black Holes)
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