Saved Queries

by Jingbo Shao, Sophie Clément, Christoph Reissfelder, Patrick Téoule, Norbert Gretz, Feng Guo, Sabina Hajizada, Stefanie Uhlig, Katharina Mößinger, Carolina de la Torre, Carsten Sticht, Vugar Yagublu and Michael Keese

Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1876; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081876 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Blue light (BL) irradiation has been shown to induce photobiomodulation (PBM) in cells. Here, we investigate its influence on cell types involved in wound healing. Methods: Cellular responses of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaTs), normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after light treatment at 450 nm were analyzed by kinetic assays on cell viability, proliferation, ATP quantification, migration assay, and apoptosis assay. Gene expression was evaluated by transcriptome analysis. Results: A biphasic effect was observed on HaCaTs, NHDFs, and HUVECs. Low-fluence (4.5 J/cm²) irradiation stimulated cell viability, proliferation, and migration. mRNA sequencing indicated involvement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), ErbB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways. High-fluence (18 J/cm²) irradiation inhibited these cellular activities by downregulating DNA replication, the cell cycle, and mismatch repair pathways. Conclusions: HaCaTs, NHDFs, and HUVECs exhibited a dose-dependent pattern after BL irradiation. These findings broaden the view of PBM following BL irradiation of these three cell types, thereby promoting their potential application in wound healing and angiogenesis. Our data on low-fluence BL at 450 nm indicates clinical potential for a novel modality in wound therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Biology and Pathology)

14 pages, 2514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Transcriptional Coactivator DEAD/H Box 5 (DDX5) Gene Is a Target of the Transcription Factor E2F1 Deregulated from the Tumor Suppressor pRB

by Rinka Nakajima, Yaxuan Zhou, Mashiro Shirasawa, Mariana Fikriyanti, Ritsuko Iwanaga, Andrew P. Bradford, Kenta Kurayoshi, Keigo Araki and Kiyoshi Ohtani

Genes 2025, 16(8), 929; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16080929 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: DEAD/H box 5 (DDX5) serves as a transcriptional coactivator for several transcription factors including E2F1, the primary target of the tumor suppressor pRB. E2F1 physiologically activated by growth stimulation activates growth-related genes and promotes cell proliferation. In contrast, upon loss of pRB function due to oncogenic changes, E2F1 is activated out of restraint by pRB (deregulated E2F1) and stimulates tumor suppressor genes such as ARF, which activates the tumor suppressor p53, to suppress tumorigenesis. We have recently reported that DDX5 augments deregulated E2F1 activity to induce tumor suppressor gene expression and apoptosis. During the analyses, we noted that over-expression of E2F1 increased DDX5 expression, suggesting a feed forward loop in E2F1 activation through DDX5. Objective: We thus examined whether the DDX5 gene is a target of deregulated E2F1. Method: For this purpose, we performed promoter analysis and ChIP assay. Result: The DDX5 promoter did not possess typical E2F binding consensus but contained several GC repeats observed in deregulated E2F1 targets. Insertion of point mutations in these GC repeats decreased responsiveness to deregulated E2F1 induced by over-expression of E2F1, but scarcely affected responsiveness to growth stimulation. ChIP assays showed that deregulated E2F1 induced by over-expression of E2F1 or expression of E1a, which binds pRB and releases E2F1, bound to the DDX5 gene, while physiological E2F1 induced by growth stimulation did not. Conclusions: These results suggest that the DDX5 gene is a target of deregulated E2F1, generating a feed forward loop mediating tumor suppressive E2F1 activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)

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14 pages, 240 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Barriers and Facilitators to the Application of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Injury Rehabilitation and Performance Enhancement: A Qualitative Study

by Chris Haydock, Amanda Timler, Casey Whife, Harrison Tyler and Myles C. Murphy

NeuroSci 2025, 6(3), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurosci6030072 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Despite clinical evidence for efficacy, there has been minimal uptake of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for musculoskeletal conditions. Thus, our objective was to explore the perceptions and experiences of people living with lower-limb musculoskeletal injury as well as healthy physically active populations and relate this to the usage of tDCS and key aspects of tDCS design that would improve the capacity for implementation. Methods: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of 16 participants (44% women) using semi-structured focus groups to identify the descriptions and experiences of people living with lower-limb musculoskeletal injury and healthy physically active populations. A thematic template was used to create a coding structure. Codes were then grouped, and key themes were derived from the data. Results: Four primary themes were identified from focus groups. These were (i) the impact of musculoskeletal injuries on health and quality of life, (ii) performance and injury recovery as facilitators to using tDCS, (iii) barriers and facilitators to tCDS application and (iv) design and aesthetic factors for a tDCS device. Discussion: Our qualitative descriptive study identified four themes relevant to the successful implementation of tDCS into rehabilitative and performance practice. To increase the likelihood of successful tDCS implementation, these barriers should be addressed and facilitators promoted. This should include innovative approaches to device application and structure that allow for a stylish, user-friendly design. Full article

10 pages, 1522 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy: A Case Report

by Sara Mogedano-Cruz, Carlos Romero-Morales, Mónica de la Cueva-Reguera, Kristin L. Campbell and Pablo Herrero

Reports 2025, 8(3), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8030133 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background and Clinical Significance: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent and limiting complication of oncological treatment, particularly in patients receiving oxaliplatin. Its onset can significantly affect the quality of life and compromise the continuity of the antineoplastic therapy. Due to the limited efficacy of available pharmacological therapies, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative for symptom management. Case presentation: We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with colorectal adenocarcinoma who developed CIPN following oxaliplatin administration. She underwent a 12-week course of PENS targeting the median nerve, with weekly sessions conducted without interruption of chemotherapy and without adverse effects. The patient showed progressive improvement in neurosensory symptoms, as measured by the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 questionnaire. Quantitative sensory testing revealed normalization of thermal and vibratory sensitivity and improved mechanical detection thresholds. The cumulative oxaliplatin dose was maintained throughout treatment. Conclusions: PENS may offer an effective and safe therapeutic option for managing CIPN, enabling symptom control without compromising oncological treatment. This case supports the need for controlled clinical trials to confirm efficacy and establish standardized protocols. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)

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37 pages, 1469 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oncolytic Therapies for Glioblastoma: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

by Omar Alomari, Habiba Eyvazova, Beyzanur Güney, Rana Al Juhmani, Hatice Odabasi, Lubna Al-Rawabdeh, Muhammed Edib Mokresh, Ufuk Erginoglu, Abdullah Keles and Mustafa K. Baskaya

Cancers 2025, 17(15), 2550; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17152550 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumors, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Oncolytic treatments, particularly oncolytic viruses (OVs), have emerged as promising candidates by selectively infecting and lysing tumor cells while stimulating anti-tumor immunity. Various virus-based therapies are under investigation, including genetically engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus, poliovirus, reovirus, vaccinia virus, measles virus, and Newcastle disease virus, each exploiting unique tumor-selective mechanisms. While some, such as HSV-based therapies including G207 and Delytact^TM, have demonstrated clinical progress, significant challenges persist, including immune evasion, heterogeneity in patient response, and delivery barriers due to the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, combination strategies integrating OVs with immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, and radiation are promising but require further clinical validation. Non-viral oncolytic approaches, such as tumor-targeting bacteria and synthetic peptides, remain underexplored. This review highlights current advancements while addressing critical gaps in the literature, including the need for optimized delivery methods, better biomarker-based patient stratification, and a deeper understanding of GBM’s immunosuppressive microenvironment. Future research should focus on enhancing OV specificity, engineering viruses to deliver therapeutic genes, and integrating OVs with precision medicine strategies. By identifying these gaps, this review provides a framework for advancing oncolytic therapies in GBM treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy)

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25 pages, 681 KiB

Open AccessReview

Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in the Pathophysiology of Endometriosis

by Hossein Hosseinirad, Jae-Wook Jeong and Breton F. Barrier

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7460; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157460 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine corpus, often clinically presenting with pain and/or infertility. Ectopic lesions exhibit features characteristic of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process in which epithelial cells lose polarity and acquire mesenchymal traits, including migratory and invasive capabilities. During the process of EMT, epithelial traits are downregulated, while mesenchymal traits are acquired, with cells developing migratory ability, increasing proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. EMT is promoted by exposure to hypoxia and stimulation by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and estradiol. Signaling pathways that promote EMT are activated in most ectopic lesions and involve transcription factors such as Snail, Slug, ZEB-1/2, and TWIST-1/2. EMT-specific molecules present in the serum of women with endometriosis appear to have diagnostic potential. Strategies targeting EMT in animal models of endometriosis have demonstrated regression of ectopic lesions, opening the door for novel therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of EMT in endometriosis and highlights potential targets for EMT-related diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endometriosis: Focusing on Molecular and Cellular Research)

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30 pages, 941 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Advances in Research on Brain Structure and Activation Characteristics in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

by Jingyi Wang, Yaxiang Jia, Qiner Li, Longhui Li, Qiuyu Dong and Quan Fu

Brain Sci. 2025, 15(8), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15080831 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Objectives: To synthesize evidence on structural and functional neuroplasticity in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and its clinical implications. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, a literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL (2018–2025) using specific keyword combinations, screening the results based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Among the 27 included studies were the following: (1) sensory cortex reorganization with compensatory visual dependence (5 EEG/fMRI studies); (2) reduced motor cortex efficiency evidenced by elevated AMT (TMS, 8 studies) and decreasedγ-CMC (EEG, 3 studies); (3) progressive corticospinal tract degeneration (increased radial diffusivity correlating with postoperative duration); (4) enhanced sensory-visual integration correlated with functional recovery. Conclusions: This review provides a novel synthesis of evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroencephalography (EEG), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. It delineates characteristic patterns of post-ACLR structural and functional neural reorganization. Targeting visual–cognitive integration and corticospinal facilitation may optimize rehabilitation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Diseases)

22 pages, 10625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Regenerating Landscape Through Slow Tourism: Insights from a Mediterranean Case Study

by Luca Barbarossa and Viviana Pappalardo

Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7005; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157005 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

The implementation of the trans-European tourist cycle route network “EuroVelo” is fostering new strategic importance for non-motorized mobility and the associated practice of cycling tourism. Indeed, slow tourism offers a pathway for the development of inland areas. The infrastructure supporting it, such as long-distance cycling and walking paths, can act as a vital connection, stimulating regeneration in peripheral territories by enhancing environmental and landscape assets, as well as preserving heritage, local identity, and culture. The regeneration of peri-urban landscapes through soft mobility is recognized as the cornerstone for accessibility to material and immaterial resources (including ecosystem services) for multiple categories of users, including the most vulnerable, especially following the restoration of green-area systems and non-urbanized areas with degraded ecosystems. Considering the forthcoming implementation of the Magna Grecia cycling route, the southernmost segment of the “EuroVelo” network traversing three regions in southern Italy, this contribution briefly examines the necessity of defining new development policies to effectively integrate sustainable slow tourism with the enhancement of environmental and landscape values in the coastal areas along the route. Specifically, this case study focuses on a coastal stretch characterized by significant morphological and environmental features and notable landscapes interwoven with densely built environments. In this area, environmental and landscape values face considerable threats from scattered, irregular, low-density settlements, abandoned sites, and other inappropriate constructions along the coastline. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Systems Approach to Urban Greenspace System and Climate Change)

14 pages, 879 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Axially Disubstituted Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanine as a Potent Sensitizer for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Photo-Sonodynamic Therapy

by Marcin Wysocki, Daniel Ziental, Zekeriya Biyiklioglu, Malgorzata Jozkowiak, Jolanta Dlugaszewska, Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty, Emre Güzel and Lukasz Sobotta

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157447 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

The unique properties of phthalocyanines (Pcs), such as strong absorption, high photostability, effective singlet oxygen generation, low toxicity and biocompatibility, versatile chemical modifications, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, and synergistic effects with other treatment modalities, make them a preferred superior sensitizer in the field of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. The photodynamic and sonodynamic activity of 3-(3-(diethylamino)phenoxy)propanoxy substituted silicon(IV) Pc were evaluated against bacteria and cancer cells. Stability and singlet oxygen generation upon light irradiation and ultrasound (1 MHz, 3 W) were assessed with 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran. The phthalocyanine revealed high photostability in DMF and DMSO, although the singlet oxygen yields under light irradiation were low. On the other hand, the phthalocyanine revealed excellent sonostability and caused a high rate of DPBF degradation upon excitation by ultrasounds at 1 MHz. The silicon phthalocyanine presented significant bacterial reduction growth, up to 5 log against MRSA and S. epidermidis upon light excitation, whereas the sonodynamic effect was negligible. The phthalocyanine revealed high activity in both photodynamic and sonodynamic manner toward hypopharyngeal tumor (FaDu, 95% and 42% reduction, respectively) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25, 96% and 62% reduction, respectively). The sensitizer showed ca. 30% aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition in various concentrations and up to 85% platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase for 0.25 μM, while protease-activated protein C was stimulated up to 66% for 0.75 μM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioactives and Nutraceuticals)

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10 pages, 1973 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Canine Platelet-Rich Plasma: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence

by Seong-Won An and Young-Sam Kwon

Animals 2025, 15(15), 2260; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15152260 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely applied in veterinary regenerative medicine due to its rich composition of growth factors that promote tissue repair. However, the direct pro-angiogenic function of canine PRP (cPRP) has not been thoroughly validated through controlled in vitro and in vivo experimentation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to assess cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation after exposure to cPRP. In addition, a rabbit corneal micropocket assay was employed to evaluate in vivo angiogenic responses. Treatment with 20% cPRP significantly enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration and induced robust tube formation. In the in vivo model, we observed dose-dependent neovascularization, with the earliest vascular sprouting seen on day 1 in the 40% group. Both models consistently demonstrated that cPRP stimulates vascular development in a concentration-dependent manner. This study provides novel evidence of cPRP’s capacity to induce neovascularization, supporting its therapeutic value for treating nonhealing wounds in dogs, especially in cases involving chronic inflammation, aging, or immune dysregulation. These findings offer a scientific foundation for the broader clinical application of cPRP in veterinary regenerative practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Regenerative Medicine in the Field of Veterinary Medicine)

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15 pages, 1243 KiB

Open AccessReview

Aβ_1-42 Oligomer Injection Model: Understanding Neural Dysfunction and Contextual Memory Deficits in Dorsal CA1

by Min-Kaung-Wint-Mon and Dai Mitsushima

J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis. 2025, 2(3), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2030025 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

The transgenic animals have been yielding invaluable insights into amyloid pathology by replicating the key features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is no clear relationship between senile plaques and memory deficits. Instead, cognitive impairment and synaptic dysfunction are particularly linked to a rise in Aβ_1-42 oligomer level. Thus, injection of Aβ_1-42 oligomers into a specific brain region is considered an alternative approach to investigate the effects of increased soluble Aβ species without any plaques, offering higher controllability, credibility and validity compared to the transgenic model. The hippocampal CA1 (cornu ammonis 1) region is selectively affected in the early stage of AD and specific targeting of CA1 region directly links Aβ oligomer-related pathology with memory impairment in early AD. Next, the inhibitory avoidance (IA) task, a learning paradigm to assess the synaptic basis of CA1-dependent contextual learning, triggers training-dependent synaptic plasticity similar to in vitro HFS (high-frequency stimulation). Given its reliability in assessing contextual memory and synaptic plasticity, this task provides an effective framework for studying early stage AD-related memory deficit. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on why Aβ_1-42 oligomer injection is a valid in vivo model to investigate the early stage of AD and why dorsal CA1 region serves as a target area to understand the adverse effects of Aβ_1-42 oligomers on contextual learning through the IA task. Full article

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13 pages, 1623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Absolute Ethanol and Thermal Treatment on Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of TPU Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes

by Lei Wang, Ming Kong, Shengchun Wang, Chunsheng Li and Min Yang

Coatings 2025, 15(8), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080897 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun fiber membranes possess unique micro-nano structures and excellent properties. Adjusting their wettability enables the directional transportation of lubricants. A conventional method for adjusting porosity and wettability involves inducing membrane shrinkage using absolute ethanol and heat treatment. However, the shrinkage response and the corresponding changes in the tensile properties of TPU fiber membranes after induction remain unclear, limiting their applications. Thus, in this study, after being peeled off, the samples were first left to stand at room temperature (RT) for 24 h to release residual stress and stabilize their dimensions, and then treated with dehydrated ethanol at RT and high temperature, respectively, with their shrinkage behaviors observed and recorded. The results showed that TPU nanofiber membranes shrank significantly in absolute ethanol, and the degree of shrinkage was temperature-dependent. The shrinkage rates were 2% and 4% in dehydrated ethanol at room temperature and high temperature, respectively, and heating increased the shrinkage effect by 200%. These findings prove that absolute ethanol causes TPU fibers to shrink, and high temperatures further promote shrinkage. However, although the strong synergistic effect of heat and solvent accelerates shrinkage, it may induce internal structural defects, resulting in the deterioration of mechanical properties. The contraction response induced by anhydrous ethanol stimulation can be used to directionally adjust the local density and modulus of TPU nanofiber membranes, thereby changing the wettability. This approach provides new opportunities for applications in areas such as medium transportation and interface friction reduction in lubrication systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification)

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Graphical abstract

23 pages, 3297 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phenotypic Changes and Oxidative Stress in THP-1 Macrophages in Response to Vanilloids Following Stimulation with Allergen Act d 1 and LPS

by Milena Zlatanova, Jovana Grubač, Jovana Trbojević-Ivić and Marija Gavrović-Jankulović

Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14080949 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Activation of macrophages plays a key role in both inflammation and oxidative stress, key features of many chronic diseases. Pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages, in particular, contribute to pro-oxidative environments and are a frequent focus of immunological research. This research examined the effects of kiwifruit allergen Act d 1, in comparison to LPS, on THP-1 macrophages in vitro differentiated under optimized conditions, both in the presence and in the absence of selected vanilloids. THP-1 monocyte differentiation was optimized by varying PMA exposure and resting time. Act d 1 induced M1-like phenotypic changes comparable to LPS, including upregulation of CD80, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion, gene expression of iNOS and NF-κB activation, in addition to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and catalase activity. Treatment with specific vanilloids mitigated these responses, primarily through reduced oxidative stress and NF-κB activation. Notably, vanillin (VN) was the most effective, also reducing CD80 expression and IL-1β levels. These results suggest that vanilloids can affect pro-inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress in THP-1 macrophages and highlight their potential to alter inflammatory conditions characterized by similar immune responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants)

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15 pages, 394 KiB

Open AccessReview

Contemporary Approaches to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Review of Orthodontic and Non-Orthodontic Interventions in Children and Adults

by Janvier Habumugisha

Oral 2025, 5(3), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/oral5030055 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder in both pediatric and adult populations, characterized by substantial morbidity encompassing cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and metabolic impairments. Management strategies vary by age group and underlying etiology, with orthodontic and non-orthodontic interventions playing key roles. This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence on orthodontic and non-orthodontic therapies for OSA in pediatric and adult populations, emphasizing individualized, multidisciplinary care approaches and highlighting future research directions. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify studies on diagnosis and management of OSA in children and adults from 2000 to 2025. Results: In pediatric patients, treatments such as rapid maxillary expansion (RME), mandibular advancement devices (MADs), and adenotonsillectomy have shown promising outcomes in improving airway dimensions and reducing apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). For adults, comprehensive management includes positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy, oral appliances, maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) surgery, and emerging modalities such as hypoglossal nerve stimulation. Special attention is given to long-term treatment outcomes, adherence challenges, and multidisciplinary approaches. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for individualized therapy based on anatomical, functional, and compliance-related factors. As the understanding of OSA pathophysiology evolves, orthodontic and adjunctive therapies continue to expand their role in achieving durable and patient-centered outcomes in sleep apnea management. Full article

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16 pages, 2742 KiB

Open AccessArticle

miRNA408 from Camellia japonica L. Mediates Cross-Kingdom Regulation in Human Skin Recovery

by Soll Jin, Jae-Goo Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, Hee Cheol Kang and Mi Jung Kim

Biomolecules 2025, 15(8), 1108; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15081108 - 1 Aug 2025

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process involving several stages of tissue repair. This study has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the callus of Camellia japonica L. and their associated microRNAs (miRNAs) possess significant wound healing activities. In human fibroblasts, EVs from C. japonica L. stimulated wound healing and upregulated collagen gene expression. The EVs also decreased inflammation levels in human keratinocytes, supporting wound healing. Among the miRNAs identified, miR408, one of the abundant miRNAs in the EVs, also showed similar wound healing efficacy. These findings suggest that both EVs and miR408 from the callus of C. japonica L. play a pivotal role in promoting wound healing. Additionally, this study shows that the regulation of miRNAs between different kingdoms can be achieved and suggests a new direction for the utilization of plant-derived components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biophysics: Structure, Dynamics, and Function)

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