Search Results (2,600)

Surface congestion and taxiing delays at high-density airports increasingly constrain aviation sustainability, as ground-phase fuel consumption and emissions constitute a significant share of total airport emissions. Existing studies typically decouple air traffic flow management from ground resource scheduling, hindering coordinated optimization of punctuality, environmental benefits, and resource utilization. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method for runway-taxiway systems oriented toward air–ground collaborative decision-making, integrating Calculated Take-Off Time (CTOT) compliance constraints. A tri-objective mixed-integer programming model is formulated to minimize CTOT deviation, total taxiing time, and runway workload imbalance. A hybrid intelligent algorithm, SSA-SCA-NSGA-II, is designed with a bidirectional elite feedback mechanism to address this NP-hard problem. Validation uses real operational data of 58 departure flights during a peak period at Beijing Daxing International Airport. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves effective trade-offs on the Pareto front: CTOT compliance rate increased from 77.6% to 89.7–96.6%; total taxiing time decreased from 692 min to 551–635 min; and dual-runway utilization imbalance declined from 5.2% to 1.7–3.8%. These improvements translate into quantifiable sustainability gains: fuel consumption is reduced by 1425–3525 kg and CO₂ emissions by 4503–11,139 kg per peak hour, alongside a 19-percentage point improvement in punctuality that lowers passenger delay costs and reduces controller coordination workload. By simultaneously advancing environmental sustainability (carbon footprint reduction), economic sustainability (fuel and operational cost savings), and social sustainability (service punctuality and labor efficiency), the framework provides a measurable, monitorable, and policy-relevant decision-support tool for green airport surface operations aligned with sustainable development goals (SDGs). Full article

Against the background of China’s “dual carbon” goals and the continued advancement of the green and low-carbon transformation of resource-based industries, resource-based enterprises urgently need to rely on green innovation to overcome development constraints characterized by high resource dependence, strong environmental pressures, and mounting transformation challenges. Patient capital, with its long-term orientation, stable support, and risk-sharing characteristics, can provide sustained financial backing and governance support for green innovation in resource-based enterprises; however, its underlying mechanism remains to be further explored. Drawing on patient capital theory, this study constructs a “capital–ESG–innovation” analytical framework to examine the impact of patient capital on green innovation in resource-based enterprises and its mechanism of action. Using Chinese A-share listed resource-based enterprises from 2014 to 2023 as the research sample, this study measures patient capital from two dimensions, namely stable equity and relational debt, and conducts empirical analysis through panel regression and multiple robustness tests. The results show that patient capital significantly promotes green innovation in resource-based enterprises, with both relational debt and stable equity playing positive roles. Mechanism tests reveal that ESG performance serves as an important mediating channel through which patient capital promotes green innovation. Further analysis indicates that the level of regional marketization strengthens the green innovation effect of patient capital, and this effect is more pronounced in large enterprises, enterprises subject to stronger media supervision, and enterprises whose executives have higher green cognition. This study enriches the literature on the relationship between patient capital and green innovation and provides empirical evidence for cultivating long-term capital and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of resource-based enterprises. Full article

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are widely presented as an integrated framework for social, economic, and environmental progress, yet recent assessments indicate substantial implementation shortfalls. This scoping review maps post-2015 scholarship on one of the framework’s most contested fault lines: the relationship between Goal 8 (economic growth) and the ecologically oriented goals, especially Goals 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Following established scoping review guidance, 32 sources published between 2015 and 2026 were identified from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, citation searching, and selected grey literature. The synthesis indicates four main patterns in the included corpus. First, a substantial share of the reviewed literature characterizes continued growth-centred development and ecological sustainability as difficult to reconcile under current technological and institutional conditions, particularly given evidence on material throughput, emissions, and planetary boundaries. Second, the corpus recurrently describes three mechanisms through which this tension is muted within the SDG architecture: the rhetorical absorption of ecological limits into “green growth” discourse, strategic vagueness in targets and indicators, and the marginalization of alternative development ontologies. Third, the review synthesizes these mechanisms under the interpretive concept of paradigmatic stacking. Fourth, the corpus identifies alternative resources for a successor framework, including relational and plural conceptions of well-being associated in the reviewed literature with Ubuntu, Buen Vivir, and Gross National Happiness. Taken together, the findings suggest that debates about SDG underperformance cannot be reduced to implementation alone but also involve questions of conceptual design. The article concludes by outlining ontological pluralism as a possible direction for post-2030 framework design. Full article

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) possess strong relational strengths—such as trust, teamwork, and shared leadership—yet often struggle to translate these capabilities into formal Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures. This study integrates Relational Leadership Theory with Leaderful Practice (LAP) to propose the Leaderful Strategy Model (LSM), examining how collective, concurrent, collaborative, and compassionate practices interact with digital transformation through a proposed process of ‘digital translation’—the process through which informal relational governance may be codified into formal ESG disclosures supporting Perceived ESG Reporting Effectiveness (PER). Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, we examined 97 listed SMEs in Italy (n = 43) and Pakistan (n = 54). Multiple regression analysis reveals context-dependent patterns: leadership-driven digital transformation is a significant, uniform predictor of PER across both contexts (beta Italy = 0.608, beta Pakistan = 0.595, p < 0.001). However, relational leadership directly predicts PER in Italy (beta = 0.375, p < 0.001) but shows no significant direct association in Pakistan (beta = 0.177, p = 0.177). Qualitative interviews contextualize these findings by identifying two distinct, institutionally situated pathways of digital translation: a structured Cautious-Facilitation model in the Italian cases and a Pragmatic-Integration model in the Pakistani cases, where accessible tools such as WhatsApp and Google Sheets enable the capture and coordination of informal sustainability practices. Overall, the findings suggest that digital translation may operate as a complementary process in highly structured institutional contexts, while playing a more central enabling role in environments with weaker formal reporting systems. By comparing two contrasting institutional contexts, this study advances context-sensitive theories of digitalized relational leadership and offers practical implications for SMEs and policymakers designing proportionate sustainability frameworks aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Full article

Under the background of the steady advancement of the dual-carbon goal and the increasing improvement of the green financial system, green supply chain finance is like a bridge that closely links the capital of the financial market and the low-carbon transformation of the real economy. The following article chooses A-shares traded enterprises from 2014 to 2024 as the study sample, adopts multi-dimensional empirical methods to study the association in green supply chain finance along with corporate emission levels, and analyzes its transmission mechanisms and heterogeneity. The findings demonstrate that green supply chain finance has a substantial inhibitory impact with enterprise emission levels, a finding that remains robust across a series of tests, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and propensity score matching (PSM). Mechanism analysis demonstrates that green supply chain finance can indirectly reduce carbon emission intensity by improving both financing levels and supply chain stability. Looking at heterogeneity, we find that the emission-reducing effect tends to be stronger among state-owned firms, non-heavy polluters, enterprises with higher total factor productivity, and enterprises that are more financially oriented. Our theoretical value lies in clarifying the direct relationship between green supply chain finance and micro-enterprise carbon emissions, identifying two differentiated intermediary transmission paths, and defining the boundary conditions of the policy role across multiple dimensions, thereby better coordinating and promoting the digital and low-carbon transformation of enterprises. Full article

Previous research introduced the concept of collective wisdomware within the frame-work of the self-consistency model of subjective confidence. According to this model, confidence in a binary choice arises from the random sampling of cues from a collective pool that is shared by individuals with similar backgrounds. Consequently, confidence should increase with the degree of agreement among respondents—a consensuality effect—and should predict the likelihood that other respondents will make the same choice—a replicability effect. This framework has recently been extended to judgments of learning (JOLs) and feelings of knowing (FOKs), and both types of judgments have likewise been shown to exhibit consensuality and replicability effects. In the present study, we report findings based on a reanalysis of previous data for confidence judgments, JOLs, and FOKs, indicating that the assumption of a uniformly shared collective wisdomware does not hold equally across all items. We consolidated data from several samples, including university students and school children, who completed computerized memory and perceptual tasks. Metacognitive judgments (confidence, FOK, JOL) were collected and analyzed for consensuality and replicability across and within participants. For each type of judgment, we identify reliable inter-item differences in the magnitude of the consensuality and replicability effects and examine several correlates of these item-level variations. Split-half reliability analyses confirm that this variance is a stable property of the items. The goal is to shed light on the nature of the collective wisdomware underlying each form of metacognitive judgment, as well as across these judgments. Our findings demonstrate that reliance on shared cues depends heavily on specific item characteristics. Full article

Carbon emission reduction decisions are subject to risks for shipping carriers. These include policy uncertainty (an upcoming policy may be stringent or lenient) and cost uncertainty (the operation cost may increase or decrease in the future). This paper develops a two-period game model to study the carbon emission reduction strategy choices of two risk-averse shipping carriers facing both policy uncertainty and cost uncertainty, with the goal of advancing sustainable maritime transport. They can choose a high- or low-carbon emission reduction strategy in period 1. Whether they need to upgrade in period 2 depends on the strategy they choose in period 1 and the policy implemented in period 2. The results show that in a deterministic environment, a high-cost strategy translates directly into a high-price strategy. However, in period 2, when the policy is lenient, adopting a high-carbon emission reduction strategy does not always result in a higher price than adopting a low-carbon emission reduction strategy. This result is counterintuitive. In addition, the carrier adopting a high-carbon emission reduction strategy does not necessarily set a higher price than the competitor who adopts a low-carbon emission reduction strategy. The market share plays an important role in shaping the equilibrium. When the possibility of a stringent policy is extremely low or extremely high, both carriers will choose an identical strategy. However, when the possibility is medium, they will choose differentiated strategies. The carrier with a bigger market share can tolerate a higher possibility of an upcoming stringent policy than the competitor. The degree of cost volatility also has a significant impact on the equilibrium. Its influence is particularly pronounced under a moderate probability of a stringent policy. Shippers’ carbon emission sensitivity also has a positive effect on encouraging carriers to choose a greener strategy. Our findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to facilitate the sustainability transition of the shipping sector through appropriate policy design. Full article

Under China’s dual carbon goals, low-carbon transition risk has become an important source of corporate sustainability risk and climate-related financial risk. This study treats the carbon emissions trading pilot (CETP) as a quasi-natural experiment and uses panel data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2006 to 2024 to examine whether carbon trading reduces corporate low-carbon transition risk (CTR). CTR is measured as the sensitivity of firm stock returns to return shocks from a stranded-asset portfolio, thereby capturing market-implied exposure to high-carbon asset revaluation risk. The results show that the CETP significantly reduces corporate CTR. Economically, the fully controlled DID coefficient is about one tenth of the standard deviation of CTR, indicating a meaningful decline in firms’ exposure to stranded-asset shocks. The conclusion remains robust after using alternative CTR measures, shortening the sample period, applying staggered DID based on actual pilot launch years, controlling for province-level time-varying factors and province-specific trends, controlling for concurrent green policies, conducting placebo tests, applying PSM-DID, and retaining the instrumental-variable test. Mechanism tests provide evidence consistent with a carbon performance channel. Evidence on capital expenditure is interpreted cautiously because Capex is a broad proxy for investment intensity and asset adjustment rather than a direct measure of green upgrading. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the risk-reducing effect is stronger among non-state-owned firms, high-tech firms, and firms located in eastern China. These findings suggest that carbon pricing can serve not only as an emissions-reduction instrument but also as a mechanism for mitigating climate-related financial risk. Full article

This article examines how Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applied to public and shared urban transport contribute to sustainable urban mobility by synthesizing a decade of peer-reviewed research on intelligent, technology-driven public transport solutions. Using a PRISMA-based systematic literature search in Scopus for 2014–2024, followed by bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer version 1.6.21 and manual thematic content analysis of 186 selected studies, the review maps intellectual structures, implementation areas, and sustainability dimensions of ITS-enhanced public transport systems research. The results show that priority ITS applications in public transport implementation areas cluster around smart infrastructure and frameworks, AI- and data-driven mobility systems, smart public transportation, and IoT-enabled connected mobility, with a strong focus on real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and adaptive operations. Sustainability analysis indicates that ITS applications in public transport primarily advances technology-driven sustainability, smart and sustainable urban mobility, environmental sustainability, and economic efficiency, while social sustainability and governance aspects—such as equity, accessibility, safety, and institutional capacity—are less consistently addressed. The review also highlights a highly interdisciplinary, yet thematically fragmented field with geographically concentrated evidence and limited longitudinal, real-world impact evaluations. Quantitatively, the review finds that over 90% of studies address technology-driven, smart urban mobility, environmental, or economic sustainability themes, whereas only 56.99% explicitly engage social sustainability dimensions. Overall, the study concludes that ITS applications in public transport already function as key enablers of more efficient, low-carbon, and intelligent transport systems, but calls for more integrated, context-sensitive, and human-centered frameworks that explicitly align ITS applications in public transport design, implementation, and evaluation with multidimensional sustainability goals and global sustainable mobility agendas. Full article

Offshore wind is expanding globally, driven by energy security and decarbonization goals. Brazil’s world-class potential for this resource is challenged by its unique context: an already clean electricity matrix and abundant, low-cost onshore alternatives, which reduce the immediate urgency for deployment. This paper starts with a global offshore wind market analysis, understanding why the main countries pursue this technology, in contrast with Brazil’s already high share of renewable generation. The following examination focuses on Brazil’s recently approved new offshore wind framework and the governance-related issues, revealing that the legislative process was distorted by unrelated riders mandating costly, non-competitive energy procurement. These riders threatened to absorb future market growth, undermining competition and jeopardizing the emergence of the entire offshore wind industry. While presidential vetoes of these riders were essential to preserve this opportunity, remaining market distortions still favor mature technologies. The study concludes that Brazil’s primary barrier to offshore wind is not technical or resource-based but institutional: the need for stable, transparent governance to foster a truly competitive and predictable policy environment. Full article

Resolving misrepresentations is key when faced with ambiguous information. For example, problem-solvers may misrepresent the constraints of a problem, while readers may misrepresent parts of a sentence. This work investigates how a shared cognitive process might facilitate the restructuring of representations during complex tasks. Students from Mississippi State University participated in studies demonstrating that similar restructuring processes are necessary for successful creative problem-solving and garden path sentence comprehension. Experiment I demonstrated that successful creative problem-solving correlates with successful garden path sentence resolution after removing the variance of non-ambiguous sentence comprehension. Experiment II demonstrated that successful garden path sentence comprehension predicts creative problem-solving, even after controlling for working memory capacity and fluid intelligence. Furthermore, this relationship was unique to creative problem-solving, as garden path comprehension had no bearing on analytic problem-solving success. Results are taken as evidence for a shared cognitive process that aids in revising misrepresented information across certain contexts. This work provides an understanding of how individuals grapple with inconsistencies between the goals of their tasks and their representations of the world. Full article

Amid the ongoing global green transformation and the deepening implementation of the “dual carbon” goals, the sustained enhancement of firms’ green innovation capabilities is crucial for driving high-quality development. This study utilizes panel data from A-share listed companies spanning the period from 2013 to 2023, and conducts an empirical analysis to examine how ESG performance influences firms’ sustained green innovation and its underlying effects and mechanisms. The results reveal that ESG performance exert a statistically significant positive effect on firms’ sustained green innovation. This finding remains robust across a range of robustness checks, including Heckman’s two-step method, propensity score matching (PSM), alternative ESG measures, models incorporating lagged variables, and other checks. The mechanism analysis reveals that ESG performance improves firms’ capacity to maintain green innovation and continuously accumulate its outcomes by alleviating financing constraints and reducing operational risks. Government subsidies and digitalization positively moderate the effect of ESG performance on firms’ sustained green innovation. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the promoting effect of ESG performance on sustained green innovation is more pronounced among non-heavy-polluting firms, large-scale firms, and state-owned firms. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for firms to effectively integrate ESG resources and further enhance sustained green innovation, and they also offer valuable insights into how firms can build a sustainable innovation ecosystem. Full article

This study explored parental concerns regarding their sons’ experiences in a professional football academy, using a case study methodology over a twelve-year period. Drawing on over 60 interviews with parenting pairs, the research identified that concerns were shaped by internal (e.g., personal beliefs), semi-internal (e.g., peer influence, agent input), and external (e.g., social media, educational trends) information sources. These sources often led to misaligned expectations between parents and the academy. The findings highlighted the prevalence of misinformation. In response, a series of targeted interventions were implemented, including structured communication strategies, shared mental models (SMMs), and a refined parent–academy code of conduct. These changes facilitated more integrated parent–athlete–coach relationships and improved clarity around developmental processes. Although causality cannot be established, the frequency of parental complaints decreased over time. This study emphasizes the need for academies to proactively engage parents as key stakeholders through clear, consistent, and evidence-informed communication, ultimately supporting a more coherent developmental experience for athletes. These findings have broad implications for talent development environments aiming to balance athlete and parent welfare with high-performance goals. Full article

With the gradual improvement of residential electricity reliability, the lower design strength of the distribution network makes it more prone to large-scale power outages in resisting natural disasters. Among them, the cold load start-up effect will significantly prolong the recovery time and affect reliability indicators. Based on this, this article proposes a reliability evaluation method for urban distribution networks based on a lightning search algorithm, which is used for optimal recovery planning and reliability calculation of urban power systems with highly concentrated load under constant temperature control. Firstly, a delay index model is used to establish a time-sharing power demand calculation model for cold load start-up events, and an optimal recovery model with the goal of minimizing recovery time and its corresponding constraints are proposed. Then, the cold load start-up event is incorporated into the Monte Carlo simulation platform for reliability assessment, and the lightning search algorithm is used to develop the optimal recovery plan. The recovery time and sequence are determined based on the duration of the power outage and the electricity demand at the time of recovery. Finally, the test distribution system was used to verify that the optimal recovery plan considering cold load start events does not violate the constraint conditions, and the stability and convergence robustness of the lightning search algorithm are stronger than the current mainstream algorithms. It can effectively improve the reliability of the distribution grid when considering cold load start events. Full article

Food waste is one of the most pressing obstacles to sustainable development. Reducing food waste in schools and kindergartens constitutes an important component of sustainable waste management. To achieve this reduction, various interventions targeting food waste can deliver multiple benefits across environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Among these, behavioral “nudges” aim to steer consumer choices without restricting options. This study evaluated a novel nudging intervention in the canteens of two primary schools and one kindergarten, with the goal of reducing plate waste. The nudging intervention consisted of a simple, interactive installation designed to encourage children to reflect on their food consumption and portion choices. The installation was integrated into routine lunch service and it combined ball-based voting with visual prompts: the emptier the returned plate, the greater the voting weight for the pupil. Across all institutions the food waste level (soup and second dish combined) was significantly decreased during the nudging intervention: by 31% for primary school no. 84, 18% for school no. 1, and 33% for kindergarten no. 56, although part of this reduction was attributable to lower food production volumes. Plate waste for the second dish decreased in all the considered schools: by 10 g/meal (11%), 19 g/meal (22%), and 52 g/meal (51%), respectively. After the intervention a larger share of the second dish served was consumed than was left on the plates compared to the situation during the baseline monitoring. A shift from plate waste to unserved food, which was one of the goals of the study, could not be unambiguously confirmed. Overall, the new nudging installation appears effective. Substantial changes in food production complicate the possibility of determining the effects of the nudging intervention. Future research should maintain constant production levels across the baseline and intervention periods. In addition, pupils should be given maximum freedom to determine their portion sizes during the nudging intervention. The long-term effects of the nudging approach should also be evaluated. Full article