In many studies of landsurface processes, the intensity of rainfall events is expressed with clock-period indexes such as I30, the wettest 30-minute interval within a rainfall event. Problematically, the value of I30 cannot be estimated for rainfall...
Currently, it is a hot research topic to retrieve the wave parameters by using X-band marine radar. However, the rainfall noise usually exists in the collected marine radar images, which seriously interferes with the extraction of the wave parameters...
Raindrop-impact-induced erosion starts when detachment of soil particles from the surface results from an expenditure of raindrop energy. Hence, rain kinetic energy is a widely used indicator of the potential ability of rain to detach soil. Although...
This paper presents an innovative derivation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, which play a crucial role in the design of hydraulic infrastructures. IDF curves are herein derived from excess rainfall, that is, the net rainfall...
Urban stormwater with large impervious (paved) areas often produces runoff with a variety of contaminants. Although southern California is among the most urbanized coastal areas in the United States, the effect of rainfall variations on washoff effic...
Many design principles for rain gauges that have the capacity to record rainfall intensity have been proposed or developed. These are here grouped into 15 categories, and the abilities and limitations of each are discussed. No standard or optimum met...
Agricultural non-point-source pollution poses a significant threat to water quality and sustainable water resource management, a challenge intensified by climate change-induced increases in rainfall intensity. In this study, we quantified how rainfal...
An urban flood in the Sadang area located in South Korea was reproduced using a rainfall simulator. The rainfall simulator was developed to be able to demonstrate the rainfall intensity in range of 80–200 mm/h, and the artificial rainfall was c...
Riverbank failure often occurs in the rainy season, with effects from some main processes such as rainfall infiltration, the fluctuation of the river water level and groundwater table, and the deformation of transient seepage. This paper has the obje...
In recent years, many scientific methods have been used to prove that the Earth’s climate is changing. Climate change can affect rainfall patterns, which can in turn affect slope safety. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of climate change on...
Simulating high-intensity rainfall events that trigger local floods using a Numerical Weather Prediction model is challenging as rain-bearing systems are highly complex and localized. In this study, we analyze the performance of the Weather Research...
This study developed a methodological framework to update the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves under climate change scenarios. A model output statistics (MOS) method is used to downscale the daily rainfall of general circulation mod...
Rainfall intensity extremes are relevant to many aspects of climatology, climate change, and landsurface processes. Intensity is described and analysed using a diversity of approaches, reflecting its importance in these diverse areas. The characteris...
Rainfall Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) relationships are widely used in water infrastructure design and construction. IDF curves represent the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency, and are obtained by anal...
The response mechanisms of reinforced soil retaining wall structures under rainfall infiltration are not fully understood, leading to insufficient design guidelines. This study investigates a modular reinforced soil retaining wall model employing con...
Determining the amount of rainfall that will eventually become runoff and its pathway is a crucial process in hydrological modelling. We proposed a method to better estimate curve number by adding an additional component (AC) to better account for th...
To develop intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves, it is necessary to calculate annual maximum rainfall intensities for different durations. Traditionally, these intensities have been calculated from the analysis of traces recorded by rain gauges...
Calculating rainfall erosivity, which is the capacity of rainfall to dislodge soil particles and cause erosion, requires the measurement of the rainfall kinetic energy (KE). Direct measurement of KE has its own challenges, owing to the high cost and...
Rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationships are crucial in the design and management of hydraulic structures. At the core of the assumption for IDF development is that the statistics of past rainfall events will represent fu...
Environmental loss is primarily caused by soil, water, and nutrient loss, and runoff is associated with nutrient transport and sediment loss. Most existing studies have focused on one influencing factor, namely slope gradient or rainfall intensity, f...
To mitigate the loss of surface runoff and deep percolation in the water-scarce area and enhance the utilization of rainfall resources, this study adaptively determines the soil water content threshold triggering such losses by incorporating rainfall...
Despite the numerous contributions available in the literature about the wind-induced bias of rainfall intensity measurements, adjustments based on collection efficiency curves are rarely applied operationally to rain records obtained from catching-t...
The rainfall-runoff process (RRP) is an important part of hydrologic process. There is an effective measure to study RRP through artificial rainfall simulation. This paper describes a study on three growing stages (jointing stage, tasseling stage, an...
The spatial distribution of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) values, essential for hydrological applications, were estimated for Catalunya, Spain. From a larger database managed by the Meteorological Service of Catalunya and af...
This study aims to develop the intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves for Yangon, the economic center of Myanmar, using four satellite precipitation datasets, namely GPM IMERG, TRMM, GSMaP_NRT, and GSMaP_GC. Different probability distr...
Purple soil is widely distributed in the hilly areas of the Sichuan basin, southwest China, and is highly susceptible to water erosion. The triggering of this process is related to slope, rainfall intensity and surface cover. Therefore, this study as...
In fields such as hydrology, meteorology, and civil engineering, the study of extreme precipitation events is useful to prevent rainfall related disasters. A widely-used practice to address such a problem is by using statistical inferences about prec...
Weather Report is an initiative from Weathernews Inc. to obtain sky images and current weather conditions from the users of its weather app. This approach can provide supplementary weather information to radar observations and can potentially improve...
Urban coastal areas along the Mediterranean are exposed to short-duration convective rainfall, producing infrastructure disruptions and flood-related impacts. This study analyzes 45 rainfall episodes in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona between 2014...
This research evaluates the partial-area effect and its relationship with the rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) equations. In the Rational Method, if the critical rainfall duration is shorter than the time of concentration, the...
Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves are essential tools in the design of stormwater management systems and are often used over long periods without frequent updates. However, the continuous collection of rainfall data and the expans...
Fine mesh nets (FMNs) are commonly used as a mulch material to control soil erosion in construction spoil deposits. Here, three rainfall intensities (60–120 mm·h−1) and seven slope gradients (5–35°) were considered in rel...
Recurring landslides in the Western Ghats have become an important concern for authorities, considering the recent disasters that occurred during the 2018 and 2019 monsoons. Wayanad is one of the highly affected districts in Kerala State (India), whe...
Most areas around the world lack fine rainfall records which are needed to derive Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, and those that are available are in the form of daily data. Thus, the disaggregation of rainfall data from coarse to fine tem...
Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves describe the relationship between rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and return period. They are commonly used in the design, planning and operation of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water resourc...
The inter-tip times (ITTs) of tipping-bucket rain gauges (TBRGs) potentially provide the highest-resolution intensity data that can be acquired from this type of gauge. At an intensity of 100 mm h−1, a typical gauge with a sensitivity of 0.2 mm...
Commercial microwave link (MWL) used by mobile telecom operators for data transmission can provide hydro-meteorologically valid rainfall estimates according to studies in the past decade. For the first time, this study investigated a new method, the...
With the increasing frequency extreme weather events associated with climate change, real-time monitoring of rainfall intensity is critical for water resource management, disaster warning, and other applications. Traditional methods, such as ground-b...
Information on the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration and accumulation frequency or return period (IDF) is commonly utilized in the design and management of urban drainage systems. Can Tho City, located in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta,...
This study analyzes the changes in rainfall intensities across Taiwan using the k-Nearest Neighbor method. Biases are corrected according to the identified discrepancy between the probability distribution of the model run and that of the observed dat...
Realistic runoff estimates are crucial for the accurate design of stormwater drainage systems, particularly in developing urban catchments which are prone to overland flow and street inundation following extreme rainstorms. This paper derives new int...
In this paper, a method for joint sea surface rainfall intensity (RI), wind speed, and wave height retrieval based on spaceborne global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) data is proposed, which especially considers the effects betwee...
Temporal variability of rainfall is extreme in the rangelands of northern Australia and occurs at annual, decadal, and even longer timescales. To maintain long-term productivity of the rangelands of northern Australia under highly variable rainfall c...
This study delved into the analysis of hourly observed as well as future precipitation data in the towns of Willoughby and Buffalo on the Lake Erie Coast to examine the variations in IDF relationships over the 21st century. Several regional climate m...
The Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method has been widely used in rainfall-runoff modelling; however, the direct effects of rainfall intensities and duration, which are major factors in hydrological engineering design, on its paramet...
Recent years have witnessed contrasting trends in summer total rainfall (STR) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), with an increase in the northern and a decrease in the southern TP. This study identifies four significant centers of rainfall trends: easter...
Climate change causes the global redistribution of precipitation, yet little is known about the effects of the changes in precipitation intensity and frequency on the seedlings of wood trees in warm temperate forests. In this study, we focused on the...
Daily rainfall in southern West Africa (4–8° N, 7° W–3° E) is analyzed with the aim of documenting the intense rainfall events which occur in coastal Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, and Benin. The daily 99th percentile (P99) shows t...
Short duration intense rainfall causes an increase in rainfall derived infiltration and inflow (RDII) into aging sewer networks, which leads to Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs). This study presents a generalised framework for assessing and mitigating...
The features of the atmospheric
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