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19 pages, 768 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Stresses near Reinforced Holes in Relation to Sustainable Design of Composite Structural Elements
by Bartosz Miller, Marta Maksymovych, Olesia Maksymovych and Fedir Gagauz
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7103; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157103 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
A method for selecting mechanical properties and geometry of reinforcing overlays to increase the strength of composite structural elements with holes has been developed. The method is based on the developed algorithm for calculating stress concentration near holes reinforced with inserted rings or [...] Read more.
A method for selecting mechanical properties and geometry of reinforcing overlays to increase the strength of composite structural elements with holes has been developed. The method is based on the developed algorithm for calculating stress concentration near holes reinforced with inserted rings or glued composite reinforcing overlays. The determination of stresses near holes and overlays is reduced to solving a system of singular integral equations. The kernels of these equations are constructed using Green’s solution, which allows a reduction in the number of equations to four. It is shown that the stress concentration near holes can be significantly reduced by optimizing the thickness, elastic properties, and shape of the overlays. The stress calculations performed based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity confirmed the reliability of the results obtained within the framework of the plane problem of an anisotropic body. The results obtained, in accordance with the concept of sustainable development, enable the develop simple methods for increasing reliability, reducing material consumption, and reducing the manufacturing and operating costs of composite structures in the aerospace and mechanical engineering industries. Full article
23 pages, 8340 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of the Stability of Underground Granite Chamber Under the Combined Effect of Penetration and Explosion
by Yuchao Zhang, Shaohu Jin, Kewei Liu and Rukun Guo
Buildings 2025, 15(15), 2741; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15152741 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
In recent years, the majority of countries have focused on the development of earth-penetrating weapons and the construction of deep underground fortifications. It is therefore necessary to assess the damage to underground structures under the attacks of earth-penetrating weapons. In this paper, fluid–solid [...] Read more.
In recent years, the majority of countries have focused on the development of earth-penetrating weapons and the construction of deep underground fortifications. It is therefore necessary to assess the damage to underground structures under the attacks of earth-penetrating weapons. In this paper, fluid–solid coupling and restarting methods are used to simulate the damage processes of a granite chamber subjected to the combined action of penetration and explosion with the commercial software of LS-DYNA R11. The applicability of the penetration model and the blasting model is verified by the previous penetration and blasting tests. The verified models are used to simulate the complete process of the underground granite chamber attacked by the earth-penetrating weapons. Based on peak particle velocity (PPV) damage criteria, the numerical results show that the hypervelocity impact of the earth penetrating weapons only causes local damage to the granite rock mass, and more serious damage is caused by the subsequent explosion. During the subsequent explosion, part of the detonation products and energy can escape along the penetration trajectory with the blast loading, resulting in the attenuation of blast stress waves. Subsequently, the relationship between the overlay thickness and the vibration attenuation in granite is also studied, which provides a fast method to determine the threshold damage level for an underground chamber to collapse under the attacks of earth-penetrating weapons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Building Structures)
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17 pages, 5553 KiB  
Article
Effects of Interspecific Competition on Habitat Shifts of Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) and Scomber japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782) in the Northwest Pacific
by Siyuan Liu, Hanji Zhu, Jianhua Wang, Famou Zhang, Shengmao Zhang and Heng Zhang
Biology 2025, 14(8), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14080968 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 154
Abstract
As economically important sympatric species in the Northwest Pacific, the Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) exhibit significant biological interactions. Understanding the impact of interspecies competition on their habitat dynamics can provide crucial insights for the [...] Read more.
As economically important sympatric species in the Northwest Pacific, the Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and Chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) exhibit significant biological interactions. Understanding the impact of interspecies competition on their habitat dynamics can provide crucial insights for the sustainable development and management of these interconnected species resources. This study utilizes fisheries data of S. melanostictus and S. japonicus from the Northwest Pacific, collected from June to November between 2017 and 2020. We integrated various environmental parameters, including temperature at different depths (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 m), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), sea surface height (SSH), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and the oceanic Niño index (ONI), to construct interspecific competition species distribution model (icSDM) for both species. We validated these models by overlaying the predicted habitats with fisheries data from 2021 and performing cross-validation to assess the models’ reliability. Furthermore, we conducted correlation analyses of the habitats of these two species to evaluate the impact of interspecies relationships on their habitat dynamics. The results indicate that, compared to single-species habitat models, the interspecific competition species distribution model (icSDM) for these two species exhibit a significantly higher explanatory power, with R2 values increasing by up to 0.29; interspecific competition significantly influences the habitat dynamics of S. melanostictus and S. japonicus, strengthening the correlation between their habitat changes. This relationship exhibits a positive correlation at specific stages, with the highest correlations observed in June, July, and October, at 0.81, 0.80, and 0.88, respectively; interspecific competition also demonstrates stage-specific differences in its impact on the habitat dynamics of S. melanostictus and S. japonicus, with the most pronounced differences occurring in August and November. Compared to S. melanostictus, interspecific competition is more beneficial for the expansion of the optimal habitat (HIS ≥ 0.6) for S. japonicus and, to some extent, inhibits the habitat expansion of S. melanostictus. The variation in migratory routes and predatory interactions (with larger individuals of S. japonicus preying on smaller individuals of S. melanostictus) likely constitutes the primary factors contributing to these observed differences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation of Living Species to Environmental Stress)
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27 pages, 1128 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Multi-Hop P2P Video Communication: A Super Node-Based Architecture for Conversation-Aware Streaming
by Jiajing Chen and Satoshi Fujita
Information 2025, 16(8), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/info16080643 - 28 Jul 2025
Viewed by 308
Abstract
This paper proposes a multi-hop peer-to-peer (P2P) video streaming architecture designed to support dynamic, conversation-aware communication. The primary contribution is a decentralized system built on WebRTC that eliminates reliance on a central media server by employing super node aggregation. In this architecture, video [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a multi-hop peer-to-peer (P2P) video streaming architecture designed to support dynamic, conversation-aware communication. The primary contribution is a decentralized system built on WebRTC that eliminates reliance on a central media server by employing super node aggregation. In this architecture, video streams from multiple peer nodes are dynamically routed through a group of super nodes, enabling real-time reconfiguration of the network topology in response to conversational changes. To support this dynamic behavior, the system leverages WebRTC data channels for control signaling and overlay restructuring, allowing efficient dissemination of topology updates and coordination messages among peers. A key focus of this study is the rapid and efficient reallocation of network resources immediately following conversational events, ensuring that the streaming overlay remains aligned with ongoing interaction patterns. While the automatic detection of such events is beyond the scope of this work, we assume that external triggers are available to initiate topology updates. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we construct a simulation environment using Docker containers and evaluate its streaming performance under dynamic network conditions. The results demonstrate the system’s applicability to adaptive, naturalistic communication scenarios. Finally, we discuss future directions, including the seamless integration of external trigger sources and enhanced support for flexible, context-sensitive interaction frameworks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Second Edition of Advances in Wireless Communications Systems)
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19 pages, 6315 KiB  
Article
Age-Friendly Public-Space Retrofit in Peri-Urban Villages Using Space Syntax and Exploratory Factor Analysis
by Qin Li, Zhenze Yang, Jingya Cui, Xingping Wu, Jiao Liu, Wenlong Li and Yijun Liu
Buildings 2025, 15(13), 2219; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132219 - 24 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 522
Abstract
Population ageing is revealing acute mismatches between inherited village layouts and older residents’ everyday needs in China’s peri-urban fringe. This study combines space-syntax diagnostics with an exploratory factor analysis to create a building-oriented retrofit workflow. Using Liulin Village, Beijing, as a test bed, [...] Read more.
Population ageing is revealing acute mismatches between inherited village layouts and older residents’ everyday needs in China’s peri-urban fringe. This study combines space-syntax diagnostics with an exploratory factor analysis to create a building-oriented retrofit workflow. Using Liulin Village, Beijing, as a test bed, axial-line modelling pinpoints the low-integration alleys and mono-functional retail strips, while elder-user surveys distil four latent demand factors, led by personal convenience. Overlaying these two layers highlights the “high-demand/low-fit” segments for intervention. Prefabricated 3 m × 6 m health kiosks, sunrooms and rest pergolas—constructed from light-gauge steel frames and assembled with dry joints—are then inserted along a newly permeated corridor–core walking loop. The modules follow a 600 mm dimensional grid and can be installed or removed within a single working day, cutting the on-site labour by roughly one-third relative to that required for conventional masonry kiosks and enabling their future relocation or reuse. The workflow shows how small-scale, low-carbon building interventions can simultaneously improve accessibility, social interaction and functional diversity, providing a transferable template for ageing-responsive public-space retrofits in rapidly transforming village contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
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15 pages, 4080 KiB  
Article
Design and Performance Study of a Six-Bar Mechanism Underwater Robot Based on Cownose Ray Bionics
by Yichen Chu, Xiaohan Wang, Tiancheng Hao, Yanhui Fu, Yubing Duan and Tianbiao Yu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(6), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13061156 - 11 Jun 2025
Viewed by 423
Abstract
This paper focuses on the formidable challenges that underwater robots encounter in complex marine environments. To address these issues, inspired by the cownose ray, an innovative scheme is proposed, utilizing four six-bar mechanisms to mimic its pectoral fin movement. Subsequently, the paper elaborates [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the formidable challenges that underwater robots encounter in complex marine environments. To address these issues, inspired by the cownose ray, an innovative scheme is proposed, utilizing four six-bar mechanisms to mimic its pectoral fin movement. Subsequently, the paper elaborates on the design, computation, and simulation of the bionic pectoral fin mechanism. A Watt-type six-bar mechanism is adopted, and by axially overlaying two scaled-identical mechanisms and setting a phase difference, the pectoral fin waving of the cownose rays is simulated. SolidWorks and ADAMS are employed for precise modeling and simulation. Following this, an experimental prototype is constructed, with the rod assembly produced by subtractive machining. Motion capture and six-dimensional force experiments are then conducted to evaluate its motion dynamics and propulsion efficacy. The experimental results demonstrate that when the two pectoral fins on either side flap synchronously or inversely, the robot can generate varying thrust, lift, and lateral forces, enabling smooth advancement and turning. These findings validate the feasibility and efficacy of bionic design, offering innovative concepts and methodologies for underwater robot development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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9 pages, 1591 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Assessing Dam Site Suitability Using an Integrated AHP and GIS Approach: A Case Study of the Purna Catchment in the Upper Tapi Basin, India
by Shravani Yadav, Usman Mohseni, Mohit Dashrath Vasave, Advait Sanjay Thakur, Uday Ravindra Tadvi and Rohit Subhash Pawar
Environ. Earth Sci. Proc. 2025, 32(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/eesp2025032021 - 9 Jun 2025
Viewed by 630
Abstract
In the present study, dam site suitability mapping was carried out for the Purna sub-basin of the upper Tapi basin. Constructing dams in strategically chosen locations is a crucial water management approach to alleviate flood risks and water scarcity. Selecting appropriate dam sites [...] Read more.
In the present study, dam site suitability mapping was carried out for the Purna sub-basin of the upper Tapi basin. Constructing dams in strategically chosen locations is a crucial water management approach to alleviate flood risks and water scarcity. Selecting appropriate dam sites requires considering criteria such as precipitation, elevation, soil properties, slope, geomorphology, geology, lithology, stream order, distance from a road, and fault tectonics. To address this complex problem, integrating Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques with Geographic Information System (GIS) has become increasingly prevalent. Among these techniques, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is particularly effective for addressing water-related challenges. In this study, we developed a Dam Site Suitability Model (DSSM) by evaluating nine thematic layers: precipitation, stream order, geomorphology, geology, soil, elevation, slope, land use and land cover (LULC), and major fault tectonics. The AHP technique was employed to assign weights to these thematic layers, which were then used in an overlay analysis to create a suitability map with five classes ranging from high to low suitability. This study revealed that approximately 14% of the Purna sub-basin falls into the very high suitability category, while 27.2% is classified as highly suitable. This cost-effective approach not only simplifies the traditional method of dam site selection but also enhances decision-making accuracy. This methodology can be universally applied to identify potential dam sites, aiding flood mitigation and addressing water scarcity exacerbated by global and regional climate change. The DSSM, leveraging GIS and the AHP, can significantly improve dam management and promote sustainable, environmentally responsible water resource management practices worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 8th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)
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15 pages, 5253 KiB  
Article
Detection of Tagosodes orizicolus in Aerial Images of Rice Crops Using Machine Learning
by Angig Rivera-Cartagena, Heber I. Mejia-Cabrera and Juan Arcila-Diaz
AgriEngineering 2025, 7(5), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7050147 - 7 May 2025
Viewed by 761
Abstract
This study employs RGB imagery and machine learning techniques to detect Tagosodes orizicolus infestations in “Tinajones” rice crops during the flowering stage, a critical challenge for agriculture in northern Peru. High-resolution images were acquired using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and preprocessed by [...] Read more.
This study employs RGB imagery and machine learning techniques to detect Tagosodes orizicolus infestations in “Tinajones” rice crops during the flowering stage, a critical challenge for agriculture in northern Peru. High-resolution images were acquired using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and preprocessed by extracting 256 × 256-pixel segments, focusing on three classes: infested zones, non-cultivated areas, and healthy rice crops. A dataset of 1500 images was constructed and utilized to train deep learning models based on VGG16 and ResNet50. Both models exhibited highly comparable performance, with VGG16 attaining a precision of 98.274% and ResNet50 achieving a precision of 98.245%, demonstrating their effectiveness in identifying infestation patterns with high reliability. To automate the analysis of complete UAV-acquired images, a web-based application was developed. This system receives an image, segments it into grids, and preprocesses each section using resizing, normalization, and dimensional adjustments. The pretrained VGG16 model subsequently classifies each segment into one of three categories: infested zone, non-cultivated area, or healthy crop, overlaying the classification results onto the original image to generate an annotated visualization of detected areas. This research contributes to precision agriculture by providing an efficient and scalable computational tool for early infestation detection, thereby supporting timely intervention strategies to mitigate potential crop losses. Full article
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32 pages, 15795 KiB  
Article
Flexural Behavior of Orthotropic Steel–LUHPC Composite Bridge Decks: Experimental and Numerical Study
by Zebene Worku, Muyu Liu, Xin Wang and Guangzu Sheng
Materials 2025, 18(9), 2106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18092106 - 3 May 2025
Viewed by 732
Abstract
Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks (OSBDs) are often used in long-span bridges due to their high performance and ease of installation. However, issues such as fatigue cracking and the deterioration of asphalt overlays due to their local stiffness inefficiency necessitate innovative solutions. Orthotropic Steel–Ultra-High-Performance [...] Read more.
Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks (OSBDs) are often used in long-span bridges due to their high performance and ease of installation. However, issues such as fatigue cracking and the deterioration of asphalt overlays due to their local stiffness inefficiency necessitate innovative solutions. Orthotropic Steel–Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Composite Bridge Decks (OS-UHPC-CBDs) have enhanced OSBD performance; however, they have disadvantages such as a heavier weight and high initial cost requirements. In this study, an Orthotropic Steel–Lightweight Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Composite Bridge Deck (OS-LUHPC-CBD) is proposed as a solution that integrates a novel Lightweight Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (LUHPC) with a high-strength Q425 steel deck and trapezoidal ribs. A comprehensive experimental investigation, including full-scale four-point bending tests, was undertaken to evaluate the flexural behavior of the proposed OS-LUHPC-CBD compared to the OS-UHPC-CBD. The experimental results show that the proposed OS-LUHPC-CBD has equivalent flexural capacity and improved ductility compared to the OS-UHPC-CBD. This study found the proposed OS-LUHPC-CBD to be a promising solution for application in long-span bridges with an 8.4% lighter weight and a 6.8% lower cost, and with the same ease of construction as OS-UHPC-CBDs. A finite element model with a strong correlation was developed and validated through the experimental results. Based on this, a parametric study was undertaken on the effect of the key geometric design parameters on the flexural capacity of the OS-LUHPC-CBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mechanics of Materials)
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25 pages, 12571 KiB  
Article
Spatio-Temporal Distribution Evolution Characteristics and Geographical Influencing Factors of Cultural Heritage Sites in Xinjiang, China
by Rouyu Zhengchen, Jiaming Liu, Jiamin Ren, Shuying Zhang and Bingzhi Liu
Land 2025, 14(5), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050974 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Cultural Heritage Sites (CHS) serve as tangible evidence of regional human–environment interactions and spatial representation of historical memory. The research developed a Xinjiang CHS database and integrated geographic information technology and historical geography research methods to examine the spatio-temporal distribution evolution characteristics and [...] Read more.
Cultural Heritage Sites (CHS) serve as tangible evidence of regional human–environment interactions and spatial representation of historical memory. The research developed a Xinjiang CHS database and integrated geographic information technology and historical geography research methods to examine the spatio-temporal distribution evolution characteristics and geographic influencing factors in the arid region. It utilized the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, the center of gravity model, and standard deviation ellipse to explore the spatio-temporal evolution law. Furthermore, it employed spatial overlay and qualitative text to analyze the geographical influence mechanism of the CHS. The results showed the following: (1) The CHS spatial distribution showed a pattern of “multicore agglomeration-linear extension”, concentrated in 13 key cities and four major areas that extended along the Silk Road routes. (2) The CHS diachronic development fluctuated in a pattern of “three peaks and three valleys”. The spatial center of gravity has shifted from southern Xinjiang to northern Xinjiang, manifesting a concentrated-diffused characteristic along the northeast–southwest axis. (3) The spatial selection followed the rules of “preferring lower terrain” and “proximity to water”. The elevation distribution of CHS has shifted from mid-high elevations to low elevations. The proportion of CHS on low-slope terrain increased from 78.6% in the Pre–Qin period to 93.02% in Modern History. 93.02% of CHS in Modern History were distributed within the 10 km buffer zone of rivers. (4) Climate aridity and human activities formed a dynamic influence mechanism; natural factors constructed the base pattern of CHS distribution, and human activities drove the dynamic adjustment. The findings revealed the historical trajectory and driving logic of the evolution of CHS in Xinjiang and provided a scientific basis for cultural heritage protection and ecological governance. This study had limitations in terms of the limited research scope and the lack of comprehensive quantitative analysis of influencing factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Co-Benefits of Heritage Protection and Urban Planning)
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21 pages, 9564 KiB  
Essay
An Evaluation of Sponge City Construction and a Zoning Construction Strategy from the Perspective of New Quality Productive Forces: A Case Study of Suzhou, China
by Xiaoyi Liu, Yiqin Chen, Heng Zhang and Jiang Chang
Land 2025, 14(4), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040836 - 11 Apr 2025
Viewed by 1172
Abstract
With the acceleration in urbanization, surface hardening has increased, urban flooding and soil erosion problems are frequent, and urban water resource management faces great challenges. Sponge city construction can effectively alleviate these problems by simulating the natural water cycle and constructing blue–green infrastructure. [...] Read more.
With the acceleration in urbanization, surface hardening has increased, urban flooding and soil erosion problems are frequent, and urban water resource management faces great challenges. Sponge city construction can effectively alleviate these problems by simulating the natural water cycle and constructing blue–green infrastructure. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the ArcGIS weighted overlay tool were used to construct a framework for assessing the suitability of sponge city construction in Suzhou from the three dimensions of Geo-Smart spatial productive forces, Eco-Dynamic green productive forces, and Resilio-Tech responsive productive forces. A zoning strategy based on new quality productive forces is also proposed. The results show that Suzhou can be divided into three types of construction zones according to the suitability level: key construction zones, secondary key construction zones, and general construction zones. The key construction zones account for about 28.01% of the total land area, mainly covering the built-up areas of Suzhou, covering the developed urban areas such as Gusu District, Xiangcheng, Suzhou Industrial Park, and other key zones such as Northern Kunshan. The secondary key construction area and general construction area, on the other hand, account for 61.94% and 10.05% of the total area, respectively. From the new quality productive forces, this study proposes the following construction guidelines for sponge city zones: (1) enhance the coordinated development of urban planning and sponge city construction; (2) promote blue–green infrastructure development, strengthen inter-departmental cooperation, and ensure ecological and economic co-development; and (3) encourage public participation in governance. This research offers theoretical and practical guidance for sponge city construction in Suzhou and other cities from the perspective of new quality productive forces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Land Planning and Landscape Architecture)
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24 pages, 5406 KiB  
Article
Risk Assessment of Yellow Muddy Water in High-Construction-Intensity Cities Based on the GIS Analytic Hierarchy Process Method: A Case Study of Guangzhou City
by Xichun Jia, Xuebing Jiang, Jun Huang, Le Li, Bingjun Liu and Shunchao Yu
Land 2025, 14(4), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040779 - 4 Apr 2025
Viewed by 443
Abstract
During urbanisation, extensive production and construction activities encroach on ecological spaces, leading to changes in environmental structures and soil erosion. The issue of yellow muddy water caused by rainfall in cities with high construction intensity has garnered significant attention. Taking Guangzhou City as [...] Read more.
During urbanisation, extensive production and construction activities encroach on ecological spaces, leading to changes in environmental structures and soil erosion. The issue of yellow muddy water caused by rainfall in cities with high construction intensity has garnered significant attention. Taking Guangzhou City as the research area, this study is the first to propose a risk assessment model for yellow muddy water in cities with high construction intensity, and the influence of construction sites on yellow muddy water was fully considered. Rainfall and construction sites were used as indicators to assess the hazards of yellow muddy water. Elevation, slope, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil erosion modulus, stream power index (SPI), surface permeability, and roads represent the exposure evaluation indicators. Population number and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) were used as vulnerability evaluation indicators. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, the weights of each evaluation indicator were determined, and a risk assessment system for yellow muddy water was established. By overlaying the weighted layers of different evaluation indicators on the geographic information system (GIS) platform, a risk degree distribution map of yellow muddy water disasters was generated. The evaluation results demonstrated that the disaster risk levels within the study area exhibited spatial differentiation, with areas of higher risk accounting for 14.76% of the total. The evaluation results were compared with historical yellow muddy water event information from Guangzhou, and the effectiveness of the model was verified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The validation results indicate that this model provides high accuracy in assessing the degree of risk of yellow muddy water in high-construction-intensity cities, offering effective technical support for precise disaster prevention and mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of GIS-Based Methods in Land Change Science)
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22 pages, 14368 KiB  
Article
Global Ionospheric TEC Map Prediction Based on Multichannel ED-PredRNN
by Haijun Liu, Yan Ma, Huijun Le, Liangchao Li, Rui Zhou, Jian Xiao, Weifeng Shan, Zhongxiu Wu and Yalan Li
Atmosphere 2025, 16(4), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040422 - 4 Apr 2025
Viewed by 637
Abstract
High-precision total electron content (TEC) prediction can improve the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based applications. The existing deep learning models for TEC prediction mainly include long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM), and their variants, which contain only [...] Read more.
High-precision total electron content (TEC) prediction can improve the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based applications. The existing deep learning models for TEC prediction mainly include long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM), and their variants, which contain only one temporal memory. These models may result in fuzzy prediction results due to neglecting spatial memory, as spatial memory is crucial for capturing the correlations of TEC within the TEC neighborhood. In this paper, we draw inspiration from the predictive recurrent neural network (PredRNN), which has dual memory states to construct a TEC prediction model named Multichannel ED-PredRNN. The highlights of our work include the following: (1) for the first time, a dual memory mechanism was utilized in TEC prediction, which can more fully capture the temporal and spatial features; (2) we modified the n vs. n structure of original PredRNN to an encoder–decoder structure, so as to handle the problem of unequal input and output lengths in TEC prediction; and (3) we expanded the feature channels by extending the Kp, Dst, and F10.7 to the same spatiotemporal resolution as global TEC maps, overlaying them together to form multichannel features, so as to fully utilize the influence of solar and geomagnetic activities on TEC. The proposed Multichannel ED-PredRNN was compared with COPG, ConvLSTM, and convolutional gated recurrent unit (ConvGRU) from multiple perspectives on a data set of 6 years, including comparisons at different solar activities, time periods, latitude regions, single stations, and geomagnetic storm periods. The results show that in almost all cases, the proposed Multichannel ED-PredRNN outperforms the three comparative models, indicating that it can more fully utilize temporal and spatial features to improve the accuracy of TEC prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling)
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26 pages, 33540 KiB  
Article
Delineation of and Conflict Coordination in Municipal Territorial Space Functional Zones: A Case Study of Xuzhou, China
by Xizhao Liu, Xiaoshun Li, Panpan Li, Yiwei Geng, Jiangquan Chen and Guoheng Hu
Land 2025, 14(4), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040761 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Urbanization-driven land use and cover change intensifies the competition for limited land resources, exacerbating spatial conflicts and challenging sustainable development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study focuses on the delineation and coordination of territorial space functional zones, addressing conflicts arising from rapid [...] Read more.
Urbanization-driven land use and cover change intensifies the competition for limited land resources, exacerbating spatial conflicts and challenging sustainable development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study focuses on the delineation and coordination of territorial space functional zones, addressing conflicts arising from rapid urbanization and the multifunctionality of land resources. By integrating land suitability evaluation, spatial simulation, and spatial overlay analysis, this paper delineates three functional zones and three types of conflicts for 2035: a farmland protection zone, an ecological protection zone, and an urban development zone, and construction–farmland conflicts, construction–ecological conflicts, and farmland–ecological conflicts. A suboptimal equilibrium boundary is proposed to resolve conflicts by balancing the economic output price and the ecological service price of agricultural land against construction land prices. The results show that the optimized urban construction land (632.50 km2) is significantly smaller than that resulting from the planned 1.3-fold expansion, indicating that the original coefficient is unreasonable. Post-coordination, FPZ, and EPZ areas were adjusted to 1136.72 km2 and 295.15 km2, respectively, prioritizing food security and ecological conservation. The findings highlight the need for collaborative urban planning to mitigate spatial conflicts and manage the compounded effects of urbanization and land resource competition. This paper provides a quantitative framework for resolving space conflicts, offering insights for sustainable territorial planning and management. Full article
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28 pages, 18211 KiB  
Article
A New Framework for Evaluating City–Industry Integration in New Urban Districts: The Case of Xixian New Area, China
by Xue Ma, Xin Wu, Peng Cui, Dan Zhao, Kewei Liu, Qingsong Ni and Tingting Wang
Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 2882; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072882 - 24 Mar 2025
Viewed by 558
Abstract
Assessing city–industry integration levels is a critical diagnostic approach for promoting sustainable urban development. However, existing evaluation frameworks are mainly based on overlaying the level of development of individual systems and rely on statistical data, lacking analysis of spatial attributes. This study addresses [...] Read more.
Assessing city–industry integration levels is a critical diagnostic approach for promoting sustainable urban development. However, existing evaluation frameworks are mainly based on overlaying the level of development of individual systems and rely on statistical data, lacking analysis of spatial attributes. This study addresses these gaps by constructing an “industry–city–population” (I–C–P) evaluation system based on the interaction mechanisms among industry (I), city (C), and population (P), viewed through the lens of spatial correlation. Focusing on Xixian New Area and using 2022 sectional data, the study applies the CRITIC method to calculate the overall level of city–industry integration and the interaction levels across different dimensions in the district, and the Entropy Method (EM) is used to validate the results. The findings indicate the following: (1) The overall level of city–industry integration in Xixian New Area remains relatively low, with Fengdong and Fengxi significantly outperforming the other three new cities. (2) The interactions between “P–I” and “C–P” exhibit lower levels compared to the “I–C” interactions. Additionally, the spatial characteristics of the dimensional levels reveal both variability and consistency. The integrated indicator system, incorporating both spatial big data and traditional statistical data, significantly expands the data sources and dimensions for evaluating city–industry integration, which helps to provide a reference for the assessment of the potential for high-quality sustainable development in the new district and other regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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