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2,558 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,035 Views
13 Pages

Impact of Ocean Currents on Wind Stress in the Tropical Indian Ocean

  • Neethu Chacko,
  • Meer M. Ali and
  • Mark A. Bourassa

23 March 2022

This study examines the effect of surface currents on the bulk algorithm calculation ofwind stress estimated using the scatterometer data during 2007–2020 in the Indian Ocean. In the study region as a whole, the wind stress decreased by 5.4% by...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Winds and Windstress for Ocean State Forecasting and Modelling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,545 Views
19 Pages

Research on Hydraulic Conversion Technology of Small Ocean Current Turbines for Low-Flow Current Energy Generation

  • Wenbin Su,
  • Hongbo Wei,
  • Penghua Guo,
  • Qiao Hu and ,
  • Mengyuan Guo,
  • Yuanjie Zhou,
  • Dayu Zhang,
  • Zhufeng Lei and
  • Chaohui Wang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

11 October 2021

Ocean energy is a kind of renewable energy contained in seawater, which has the characteristics of large total reserves, sustainable use, and its being green and clean. Influenced by rising oil prices and global climate change, an increasing number o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Conversion System – Small Hydropower Plants)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,187 Views
20 Pages

5 November 2024

We use high-resolution coupled atmosphere–ocean model simulations over the Gulf Stream extension region during a winter season to examine the upper ocean thermodynamic response to including current feedback to atmospheric wind stress. We demons...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
5,960 Views
13 Pages

19 February 2022

As a new type of pollutant, microplastics widely exist in the marine environment and have attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In order to study the distribution of microplastics and the influence of ocean current, microplas...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Microplastic)
  • Review
  • Open Access
460 Views
43 Pages

21 September 2026

Ocean current interference is a critical factor affecting the path planning of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). In ocean current environments, conventional path planning algorithms often exhibit significant limitations in complex flow fields wit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Intelligent Control and Navigation of Unmanned Marine Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,586 Views
24 Pages

The Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) forms part of the global ocean conveyor belt and thermohaline circulation that has a significant influence in controlling the global climate. This region of the ocean has very few observations using surf...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring of Ocean Surface Currents and Circulation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,035 Views
22 Pages

Ocean Currents Reconstruction from a Combination of Altimeter and Ocean Colour Data: A Feasibility Study

  • Daniele Ciani,
  • Elodie Charles,
  • Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli,
  • Marie-Hélène Rio and
  • Rosalia Santoleri

18 June 2021

Measuring the ocean surface currents at high spatio-temporal resolutions is crucial for scientific and socio-economic applications. Since the early 1990s, the synoptic and global-scale monitoring of the ocean surface currents has been provided by con...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Observing the Flow of Ocean Currents and Circulation Using Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,198 Views
14 Pages

Effects of Ocean Currents in the Western Pacific Ocean on Net-Phytoplankton Community Compositions

  • Zhuo Chen,
  • Jun Sun,
  • Dawei Chen,
  • Shihao Wang and ,
  • Hao Yu,
  • Hongtao Chen and
  • Min Wang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

5 September 2021

Phytoplankton are known as important harbingers of climate change in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated phytoplankton community structure in the western Pacific Ocean (WPO) in 2017 and revealed the spatial variability of phytoplankton in com...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Linking Plankton Diversity with Ecosystem Functioning and Services)
  • Letter
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,395 Views
11 Pages

5 June 2018

Ocean surface current measurements from satellites have historically been limited. We propose a new approach to detect ocean surface currents as observed by dual-polarized (VV and VH) spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This approach is based...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Surface Currents: Progress in Remote Sensing and Validation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,834 Views
13 Pages

Ocean Wind and Current Retrievals Based on Satellite SAR Measurements in Conjunction with Buoy and HF Radar Data

  • He Fang,
  • Tao Xie,
  • William Perrie,
  • Li Zhao and ,
  • Jingsong Yang and
  • Yijun He
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

15 December 2017

A total of 168 fully polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images are selected together with the buoy measurements of ocean surface wind fields and high-frequency radar measurements of ocean surface currents. Our objective is to investigate the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Surface Currents: Progress in Remote Sensing and Validation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
6,792 Views
24 Pages

2 September 2020

The waters in the north of Taiwan are located at the southern end of the East China Sea (ECS), adjacent to the Taiwan Strait (TS), and the Kuroshio region. To understand the physical dynamic process of ocean currents and the temporal and spatial dist...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diurnal to Decadal Observation of the Ocean with Geostationary Satellite Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,798 Views
16 Pages

AUV Path Planning Considering Ocean Current Disturbance Based on Cloud Desktop Technology

  • Siyuan Hu,
  • Shuai Xiao,
  • Jiachen Yang,
  • Zuochen Zhang and ,
  • Kunyu Zhang,
  • Yong Zhu and
  • Yubo Zhang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

29 August 2023

In the field of ocean energy detection, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) offer significant advantages in terms of manpower, resource, and energy efficiency. However, the unpredictable nature of the ocean environment, particularly the real-time c...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,120 Views
19 Pages

21 September 2023

The ocean surface current influences the roughness of the sea surface, subsequently affecting the scatterometer’s measurement of wind speed. In this study, the effect of surface currents on ASCAT-retrieved winds is investigated based on in-situ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Ocean Surface Dynamics: Ocean Waves, Wind, and Air-Sea Interaction - in Memory of Professor Shengchang Wen)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,921 Views
20 Pages

7 January 2025

This study examined the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) on urban temperature across four cities located in three different countries (United States of America, Japan, and Morocco), all at nearly the same latitude, focusing on the summer seaso...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change in Urban Area: Big Data and Machine Learning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,243 Views
16 Pages

Dynamic Stability of an Ocean Current Turbine System

  • Shueei-Muh Lin,
  • Yang-Yih Chen,
  • Hung-Chu Hsu and
  • Meng-Syue Li

6 September 2020

This paper presents a theoretical solution for the dynamic stability of the ocean current turbine system developed in Taiwan. This system is tethered to the sea floor and uses the Kuroshio Current to produce electricity. To maintain the performance o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waves and Ocean Structures)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,414 Views
17 Pages

Measuring Ocean Surface Current in the Kuroshio Region Using Gaofen-3 SAR Data

  • Yan Li,
  • Jinsong Chong,
  • Kai Sun,
  • Yawei Zhao and
  • Xue Yang

20 August 2021

The Kuroshio is the strongest warm current in the western North Pacific, which plays a crucial role in climate and human activities. In terms of this, the accurate acquisition of ocean surface current velocity and direction in the Kuroshio region is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Measurement Systems for Marine Engineering Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,881 Views
21 Pages

Virtual Metrology Filter-Based Algorithms for Estimating Constant Ocean Current Velocity

  • Yongjiang Huang,
  • Xixiang Liu,
  • Qiantong Shao and
  • Zixuan Wang

20 August 2023

The strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) and Doppler velocity log (DVL) integrated navigation system are widely used for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Whereas DVL works in the water tracking mode, the velocity provided by DVL is rela...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Positioning, Navigation and 3D Mapping of Underwater Environments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,222 Views
21 Pages

13 December 2021

This research proposes a mooring design which keeps the turbine ocean current, static, balanced, and fixed at a predetermined depth under water, to ensure that the ocean current generator can effectively use current to generate electricity, and that...

(This article belongs to the Topic Marine Renewable Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
7,261 Views
19 Pages

Path Planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) Considering the Influences and Constraints of Ocean Currents

  • Ziming Chen,
  • Jinjin Yan,
  • Ruen Huang,
  • Yisong Gao and ,
  • Xiuyan Peng and
  • Weijie Yuan
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

26 July 2024

Ocean currents pose a significant challenge in the path planning of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), with conventional path-planning algorithms often failing to effectively counter these influences. In response to this challenge, we propose a p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,457 Views
18 Pages

SailBuoy Ocean Currents: Low-Cost Upper-Layer Ocean Current Measurements

  • Nellie Wullenweber,
  • Lars R. Hole,
  • Peygham Ghaffari,
  • Inger Graves and ,
  • Harald Tholo and
  • Lionel Camus
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

25 July 2022

This study introduces an alternative to the existing methods for measuring ocean currents based on a recently developed technology. The SailBuoy is an unmanned surface vehicle powered by wind and solar panels that can navigate autonomously to predefi...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,378 Views
29 Pages

Recent Advances in Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Ocean Current Energy Harvesting

  • Yaning Chen,
  • Mengwei Wu,
  • Yuzhuo Tian,
  • Rongming Zhang and ,
  • Weitao Zhao,
  • Hengxu Du,
  • Chunyu Zhang,
  • Yimeng Du,
  • Taili Du and
  • Minyi Xu
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

Ocean current energy, owing to its predictability and stability, is regarded as an ideal power source for distributed marine observation networks and underwater intelligent equipment. However, conventional ocean current energy devices that rely on ri...

(This article belongs to the Section Marine Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,694 Views
7 Pages

Three ocean reanalyzes including Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, and the Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM+NCODA) analysis, and the Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (OFES) are ass...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,170 Views
17 Pages

Surface Vector Current Retrieval by Single-Station High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar Based on Ocean Dynamics in the Taiwan Strait

  • Li Wang,
  • Mengyan Feng,
  • Weihua Ai,
  • Xiongbin Wu and ,
  • Xianbin Zhao and
  • Shensen Hu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

29 July 2024

In order to address the issue of limited common coverage and high cost in mapping ocean surface vector current by two (or more) high-frequency surface wave radars, this paper proposes a single-station surface wave radar vector current inversion algor...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Applications of HF Radar (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,770 Views
12 Pages

16 May 2017

In order to harness the kinetic energy of marine currents, we propose a novel ocean-current turbine with a horizontal axis. The turbine can be moored to the seabed and function similarly to kites in a water flow. To operate such turbines in a marine...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,609 Views
23 Pages

1 August 2018

This study provides a regional coastal ocean assessment of global upper ocean current data developed by the GlobCurrent (GC) project. These gridded data synthesize multiple satellite altimeter and wind model inputs to estimate both Geostrophic and Ek...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Surface Currents: Progress in Remote Sensing and Validation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,270 Views
23 Pages

28 November 2023

For a spaceborne pencil-beam rotating Doppler scatterometer, its precision in measuring the ocean surface motion depends on the Doppler centroid of the received signals. The Doppler centroid is determined by the relative motion between the scatterome...

(This article belongs to the Topic Radar Signal and Data Processing with Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
2,866 Views
17 Pages

The bionic robotic fish is one of the special autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV), whose path planning is crucial for many applications including underwater environment detection, archaeology, pipeline leak detection, and so on. However, the uncerta...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology Advances in Ocean Observation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,134 Views
22 Pages

Ocean-Current-Motion-Model-Based Routing Protocol for Void-Avoided UASNs

  • Zhicheng Tan,
  • Yun Li,
  • Haixin Sun,
  • Shaohua Hong and
  • Shanlin Sun

An increasing number of scholars are researching underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), including the physical layer, the protocols of the routing layer, the MAC layer, and the cross-layer. In UASNs, the ultimate goal is to transmit data from t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technological Oceanography Volume II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,331 Views
22 Pages

13 September 2021

To solve the trajectory tracking problem of insufficient response and the large tracking error of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) under the interference of large ocean currents, this paper proposes a double-loop sliding mode controller with an ocea...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,033 Views
20 Pages

Ocean Currents Velocity Hindcast and Forecast Bias Correction Using a Deep-Learning Approach

  • Ali Muhamed Ali,
  • Hanqi Zhuang,
  • Yu Huang,
  • Ali K. Ibrahim and ,
  • Ali Salem Altaher and
  • Laurent M. Chérubin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 September 2024

Today’s prediction of ocean dynamics relies on numerical models. However, numerical models are often unable to accurately model and predict real ocean dynamics, leading to a lack of fulfillment of a range of services that require reliable predi...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,049 Views
19 Pages

Enhanced Real-Time Simulation of ROV Attitude and Trajectory Under Ocean Current and Wake Disturbances

  • Yujing Zhao,
  • Shipeng Xu,
  • Xiaoben Zheng,
  • Lisha Luo and ,
  • Boyan Xu and
  • Chunru Xiong
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

This study focuses on the remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) and addresses key issues in existing simulation systems, such as neglecting the influence of ocean currents on the ROV’s trajectory or only simulating the impact of ocean curr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,116 Views
22 Pages

10 December 2025

The retrieval of radial ocean surface current from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data is important for ocean current research and effective ocean remote sensing. Existing algorithms, primarily based on the Average Cross-Correlation Coefficient (ACCC...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Applications in Ocean Observation (Third Edition))
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,197 Views
25 Pages

10 December 2025

Upper oceans are highly energetic during a severe weather event, with large surface waves and intense ocean currents over areas affected by the storm. An advanced and coupled wave–current modelling system for the northwestern Atlantic (WCMS-NWA...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Modelling and Environmental Statistics in Honor of Professor Keith Thompson)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
11,429 Views
29 Pages

21 June 2019

This study provides the first detailed analysis of oceanic and atmospheric responses to the current-stress, wave-stress, and wave-current-stress interactions around the Gulf Stream using a high-resolution three-way coupled regional modeling system. I...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
49 Citations
10,267 Views
17 Pages

Evaluation of Satellite Retrievals of Ocean Chlorophyll-a in the California Current

  • Mati Kahru,
  • Raphael M. Kudela,
  • Clarissa R. Anderson,
  • Marlenne Manzano-Sarabia and
  • B. Greg Mitchell

11 September 2014

Retrievals of ocean surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) by multiple ocean color satellite sensors (SeaWiFS, MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, MERIS, VIIRS) using standard algorithms were evaluated in the California Current using a large archive of in s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Phytoplankton)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,213 Views
18 Pages

Route planning procedures for ocean-going vessels depend significantly on prevailing weather conditions, the ship’s design characteristics and the current operational state of the vessel. The operational status considers hull and propeller foul...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Innovative Solutions for Ship Energy Efficiency)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,187 Views
26 Pages

Velocity Estimation of Ocean Surface Currents in along-Track InSAR System Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks

  • He Yan,
  • Qianru Hou,
  • Guodong Jin,
  • Xing Xu and ,
  • Gong Zhang and
  • Daiyin Zhu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

13 October 2021

Velocity estimation of ocean surface currents is of great significance in the fields of the fishery, shipping, sewage discharge, and military affairs. Over the last decade, along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (along-track InSAR) has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,901 Views
19 Pages

Computing Coastal Ocean Surface Currents from MODIS and VIIRS Satellite Imagery

  • Jianfei Liu,
  • William J. Emery,
  • Xiongbin Wu,
  • Miao Li and ,
  • Chuan Li and
  • Lan Zhang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

24 October 2017

We explore the potential of computing coastal ocean surface currents from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite imagery using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Surface Currents: Progress in Remote Sensing and Validation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6,461 Views
20 Pages

Influence of Storm Tidal Current Field and Sea Bottom Slope on Coastal Ocean Waves during Typhoon Malakas

  • Meng Sun,
  • Yongzeng Yang,
  • Yutao Chi,
  • Tianqi Sun and ,
  • Yongfang Shi and
  • Zengrui Rong
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 November 2021

Wave–current interaction in coastal regions is significant and complicated. Most wave models consider the influence of ocean current and water depth on waves, while the influence of the gradient of the sea bottom slope is not taken into account...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coastal Environments and Coastal Hazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
6,524 Views
27 Pages

Ocean currents make it difficult for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to keep a safe distance from obstacles. Effective path planning should adequately consider the effect of ocean currents on USVs. This paper proposes an improved A* algorithm based...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,646 Views
19 Pages

Energy Consumption Modeling for Underwater Gliders Considering Ocean Currents and Seawater Density Variation

  • Yang Song,
  • Huangjie Ye,
  • Yanhui Wang,
  • Wendong Niu and ,
  • Xu Wan and
  • Wei Ma
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 October 2021

Energy management is a critical and challenging factor required for efficient and safe operation of underwater gliders (UGs), and the energy consumption model (ECM) is indispensable. In this paper, a more complete ECM of UGs is established, which con...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
5,227 Views
25 Pages

2 July 2018

Ocean surface wind and current are essential ocean dynamic environment and climate variables, and simultaneous observations at high resolution have attracted considerable interest. The study on surface wind and current will improve our knowledge of e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ocean Surface Currents: Progress in Remote Sensing and Validation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
3,937 Views
18 Pages

18 July 2022

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is one of the most important exploration tools in the ocean underwater environment, whose movement is realized by the underwater thrusters, however, the thruster fault happens frequently in engineering practice. Oc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Learning-Based Machinery Fault Diagnostics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,081 Views
22 Pages

21 December 2025

The present work focuses on wave scattering generated by an inverse T-type compound breakwater in the presence of the ocean current. The boundary value problem (BVP) is investigated using two distinct strategies: an exact formulation derived from the...

(This article belongs to the Section C: Mathematical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
525 Views
22 Pages

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is the main cause of fatigue failure in steel catenary risers (SCRs). This study developed a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model, combining Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based computational flui...

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
3,881 Views
20 Pages

10 September 2022

In the navigation of underwater robots, large ocean current disturbance often causes significant tracking errors. To better resist ocean current disturbance, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the spherical underwater robot are studied, and a model...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Underwater Robot Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,615 Views
22 Pages

Phase Imbalance Analysis of GF-3 Along-Track InSAR Data for Ocean Current Measurement

  • Junxin Yang,
  • Xinzhe Yuan,
  • Bing Han,
  • Liangbo Zhao and ,
  • Jili Sun,
  • Mingyang Shang,
  • Xiaochen Wang and
  • Chibiao Ding
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

14 January 2021

There are two useful methods of current measurement based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR): one is along-track interferometry (ATI), and the other is Doppler centroid analysis (DCA). For the ATI method, the interferometric phase must be accurate eno...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,971 Views
15 Pages

10 June 2025

Ocean surface radial current velocities can be derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Doppler shift observations using the Doppler centroid technique and a recently developed Doppler velocity model. However, comprehensive evaluations of the accu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Applications of Remote Sensing in Monitoring Marine Environment (Second Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,702 Views
14 Pages

Investigation of the Modulation of the Tidal Stream Resource by Ocean Currents through a Complex Tidal Channel

  • Alice J. Goward Brown,
  • Matt Lewis,
  • Benjamin I. Barton,
  • Gus Jeans and
  • Steven A. Spall

28 September 2019

Tidal energy has the opportunity to bring reliable electricity to remote regions in the world. A resource assessment, including the response of the tidal stream resource to fluctuations in the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) is performed using the Regi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave and Tidal Energy Resource Characterization and Environment Interactions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4,126 Views
22 Pages

13 September 2022

Lower Cook Inlet (LCI) is an important waterway with very large tides and high marine productivity. Oceanographic forcing in LCI is complex due to a combination of tides, seasonal winds, and large freshwater discharges, as well as inflow from the Ala...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modelling of Atmospheres and Oceans)

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