Search Results (6,633)

Background/Objectives: Pediatric sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous malignancies for which clinical trials are essential to advance treatment and improve outcomes. However, the characteristics and trends of sarcoma clinical trials enrolling children in the United States have not been comprehensively described. This study aimed to characterize U.S.-based sarcoma clinical trials enrolling pediatric patients and to evaluate trends over time. Methods: ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for interventional sarcoma trials conducted in the United States that enrolled patients ≤ 17 years of age and were posted between 27 September 2007 and 11 January 2023. Trials were categorized as pediatric (maximum eligible age ≤ 21 years) or pediatric/adult (>21 years). Trial characteristics, including phase, intervention type, funding source, geographic scope, and reasons for early termination, were analyzed. Results: A total of 273 eligible trials were identified, of which 79% enrolled both pediatric and adult patients. Most studies were early phase (Phase 1, 2, or 1/2; 59%) and primarily evaluated drug or biologic therapies (73%). Trials involving mixed cancer types were most common (26%). The majority were multi-institutional (66%), non-industry funded (57%) and conducted exclusively in the United States (75%). Trial activations increased over time (p-value = 0.01), with a higher proportion of industry-funded studies initiated between 2016 and 2022 (p-value = 0.009). Twenty-three trials (8.4%) were terminated early, most commonly due to slow accrual (39%). Conclusions: Most sarcoma clinical trials enrolling pediatric patients continue to include both adult and pediatric populations, which may limit the development of therapies tailored to the unique biology of pediatric sarcomas. Improving outcomes will require greater emphasis on pediatric-focused research, enhanced collaboration across institutions, and increased awareness of clinical and regulatory frameworks to support the initiation of industry-funded trials. Full article

Design coordination is a critical process for avoiding spatial conflicts and ensuring design alignment in large-scale construction projects. While Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools have improved coordination through 3D model integration and clash detection, inefficiencies persist due to fragmented workflows, frequent tool switching, and challenges with issue documentation. Cloud-based BIM collaboration tools offer a promising alternative by enabling real-time model sharing, centralized issue tracking, and enhanced stakeholder communication. However, empirical evidence on their practical implementation and effects on coordination processes remains limited. Unlike prior cloud-BIM reviews that focus on technical capabilities or adoption barriers in isolation, this study provides an empirically grounded framework that links specific tool features to observable workflow changes and their downstream impacts on coordination outcomes. This study investigates the impact of cloud-based BIM collaboration tools on the design coordination process, with a focus on issue identification, resolution, and documentation. A framework was developed using a mixed-methods approach comprising action research, an ethnographic case study, and comparative analysis of three large infrastructure projects to categorize workflow changes resulting from tool adoption. The findings indicate that cloud-based BIM tools streamline coordination by reducing manual transitions, automating documentation, and improving information accessibility during meetings. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is constrained by organizational structures and contract limitations. This study provides a validated process-change framework and practical insights for engineering managers seeking to align digital collaboration tools with project delivery strategies, contributing to both theory and practice in BIM-based coordination and digital transformation in the AEC industry. Full article

Technological advances such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) have the potential to support renewable energy integration and grid stability, but large-scale deployment depends on users’ willingness to participate, particularly in public charging environments. While prior research has examined V2G from technical feasibility and system-level perspectives, everyday public settings remain unexplored. This study investigates electric vehicle (EV) users’ willingness to engage in V2G services in public spaces, with a focus on incentives, expectations, and how participation aligns with existing routines and parking conditions. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining a survey of 544 car users with two waves of user-centered interviews. The survey data were analyzed using factor analysis and linear regression models, while the interview data were thematically analyzed. The results show that users’ evaluations of V2G are shaped by sustainability expectations, perceived efficiency, and uncertainties, and preferences for public V2G participation are strongly influenced by convenience, clarity of the offer, and perceived control. Home charging practices emerged as a key reference point shaping expectations of public V2G services. Across both methods, simple and transparent incentives, such as reduced charging or parking costs, were consistently preferred over more complex reward models, including point-based systems or dynamic energy trading. Concerns related to control over trips, battery degradation, trust in service providers, and added complexity remain important barriers to participation. The findings highlight the need for user-centered and socio-technical design of public V2G services that align with users’ everyday routines, parking conditions, and expectations to support broader adoption beyond the home context. Full article

Digitalisation is transforming organisational practices, making digital readiness essential for strategic planning. However, customised digital maturity tools for the Irish Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector remain limited. This paper presents the development and validation of a Digital Maturity Gap Analysis Toolkit (DMGAT) for the Irish AECO sector. The toolkit assesses digital maturity across three dimensions—people, process and culture; technology; and policy and governance—covering 16 sub-dimensions and 69 assessment questions. Unlike existing tools such as the BIM Maturity Matrix, VDC BIM Scorecard, and Maturity Scan, the DMGAT uniquely integrates ISO 19650 maturity stages with a comprehensive maturity level matrix across three key dimensions, offering a customised, industry-specific assessment for the Irish AECO sector that combines structured benchmarking with actionable gap analysis. The toolkit supports gap analysis by comparing an organisation’s current maturity profile with the detailed descriptors of higher maturity levels (maturity level matrix), thereby enabling prioritised and context-specific improvement planning rather than pursuit of a uniform maximum level. The study uses a mixed-methods approach within a Design Science Research (DSR) framework, developing the tool across six phases: literature review, defining dimensions and key performance indicators (KPIs), prototype development, testing, refining and finalisation, and deployment for practical application and empirical evaluation within real organisational contexts in the Irish AECO sector, demonstrating its use as an operational diagnostic and learning tool. Alpha testing by the organisational research team refined structural enhancements including maturity stages, KPIs, and maturity matrix. Beta testing with 20 Irish AECO organisations confirmed the toolkit’s relevance, scope, and coverage. Participants highlighted its clarity and industry alignment, while suggesting minor improvements in wording, visuals, and support materials. This study concludes that DMGAT is a useful resource for informed decision-making and digital innovation in the Irish AECO sector. Full article

The specialty coffee sector faces increasing competitive and sustainability challenges and lacks structured innovation frameworks. This study proposes an Innovation Management Model (IMM) based on open innovation for specialty coffee value chains, applied to the agro-industrial chain in Quindío, Colombia. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach and model development to identify, prioritize, and validate key variables for an IMM based on open innovation. Among the data collection techniques and instruments used, the study incorporated, in its first phase, a literature review based on the PRISMA protocol and, in its second phase, validation through workshops with experts to identify key variables and select the proposed or winning IMM. As a result of this research process, three (3) Innovation Management Models were developed. It is concluded that the specialty coffee sector requires multiple interventions to consolidate the proposed IMM-3 as the winning model, emphasizing the imperative need for alignment with the concept of Open Innovation. The importance of this study lies in the practical recommendations for implementing MGI-3 within the studied chain, with potential applicability to other agro-industrial chains in different regions of Colombia. Full article

Background: The decline in physical activity during the transition to early adolescence poses a significant threat to lifelong health and well-being, directly impacting the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3). To design effective preventive interventions, researchers need developmentally appropriate tools to measure the psychological drivers of physical activity. Objectives: This study aimed to adapt the Attitude Towards Sport Scale (ATSS) for middle school students (ages 10–15) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach comprising a qualitative cognitive think-aloud phase (n = 27) and a quantitative cross-sectional validation phase (N = 531). Data were analyzed using robust Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results: The results supported the structural model, demonstrating that the original three-factor structure fits the early adolescent sample acceptably. The scale demonstrated high composite reliability across all dimensions. Furthermore, the adapted ATSS-EA showed strong criterion-related validity through high correlations with perceived physical literacy and actual physical activity durations. It also successfully differentiated between licensed athletes and non-licensed students. Conclusions: The adapted ATSS-EA provides a developmentally appropriate tool for educators and researchers to monitor sport attitudes and identify students at risk of physical disengagement. Full article

The use of animals in biomedical research and university teaching remains socially sensitive, shaped by ethical concerns, regulations, and public expectations. While animal models are still essential for basic and translational research, society increasingly demands transparency, strong welfare protections, and the development of alternative methods. This study investigated Spanish university students’ attitudes toward the use of animals in basic research, translational research, and educational settings, and examined their acceptance of different species for addressing human health problems. It also assessed how sociodemographic variables, personality traits, empathy, and anthropomorphism relate to these views. The sample included 653 students, predominantly women, heterosexual, and urban residents. Most participants supported the use of animals in research, whereas opinions regarding teaching uses were more divided. Attitudes toward the use of laboratory animals consistently differed by gender and field of study, with men and students in science-related disciplines showing higher acceptance. Of the psychological variables assessed, only anthropomorphism showed moderate negative correlations with support for the use of laboratory animals across all contexts. Species strongly influenced attitudes: companion animals generated the most opposition, primates and livestock elicited mixed responses, and rodents, invertebrates, and aquatic species received the highest support. Overall, students generally accept animal use but vary substantially by species, gender, and academic background. Full article

A large number of existing studies show that fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) have improved crack resistance relative to conventional concrete, but there is limited research on further advancing the structural performance of FRC and UHPC through prestressing and self-healing. This study addresses this knowledge gap by introducing shape memory alloy (SMA) bars as reinforcement. Existing studies on using SMA bars for prestressing or healing are focused on conventional concrete. Thus, this study experimentally evaluates SMA bars in FRC and UHPC. Small-scale flexural specimens are fabricated for this purpose. Three mix designs are considered, corresponding to mortar, FRC, and UHPC. The prestrained and embedded SMA bars are employed in two different ways. The first method is to activate the SMA to prestress the concrete, thereby delaying cracking. The second is to activate the SMA after cracks develop, thereby closing and “healing” the cracks. Additionally, different heating methods are considered. Heating with electricity is compared to heating by electromagnetic induction to study their efficiency and safety. The experimental results validate the use of SMA for prestressing the different types of concrete. The concept of healing is also validated for all three types of concrete. Reductions in crack width as high as 80%, 90%, and 84% are measured in the mortar, FRC, and UHPC specimens, respectively. Full article

Higher education is undergoing a constant paradigm shift, transforming itself into a system of innovation for society. This study has explored and determined the relationship between educational innovation and research in university contexts in order to distinguish, compare, and establish dynamics of interaction. The contributions of scientific articles published in WoS-indexed journals between 2019 and 2025 in a total of 108 sources were analyzed using the PRISMA method and an analysis inspired by grounded theory with open coding and axial coding (mixed method). As a result, both functions have been conceptually differentiated while establishing these points of contact, productive interactions, and their relationship with university institutional management. It is concluded that higher education is facing a paradigm shift, transforming itself from a center of knowledge and professional training to the hub of innovation systems. The main contribution of this study is its exposition of how this profound change is taking place and the conditions of research–innovation interaction in the university setting. Full article

Material selection is a crucial issue that determines both the economic and technical aspects of a product, as well as the manufacturer’s brand. This process is complex, as it requires the consideration of multiple criteria for each type of material. In this study, probabilistic methods are used for material selection. To assess the effectiveness of applying probabilistic methods in material selection, this research was conducted with three different cases involving the selection of materials for crankshaft manufacturing, cutting-tool manufacturing, and materials used in powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM). The results of material selection using probabilistic methods were compared with those obtained using other methods, demonstrating that probabilistic methods fully ensure accuracy in the surveyed cases. Full article

Background/Objectives: Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a possibly fatal condition resulting from extreme or novel exercise that causes substantial muscle breakdown. ER has been observed during preseason football; however, prospective research has yet to characterize normal versus ER responses using a repeated measures design. This study characterized ER biomarker responses related to muscle damage, and renal and hepatic stress, after two NCAA Division I preseason football scrimmages. Methods: Following a prospective, repeated measures design, blood and urine samples from 17 players were collected immediately (IPS) and 24 h post-scrimmage (24hPS). A subset (n = 13) provided samples after 48 h of rest as a non-exertion (NE) comparator group. A Comprehensive Metabolic Panel was run on serum samples, and urine samples were analyzed for myoglobin and creatinine. Values were compared with reference ranges, mixed models evaluated time effects, and linear regressions examined associations between CPK and renal and hepatic biomarkers. Results: No participants were diagnosed with ER. A time effect was observed for CPK (p < 0.01), with CPK greater IPS (991.6 ± 560.8 IU/L) compared to NE (267.7 ± 205.3 IU/L), and remaining elevated above reference ranges at 24hPS (739.2 ± 442.6 IU/L). Similar time effects were observed with LDH, AST, and ALT (p < 0.01). Serum creatinine increased above reference values and NE concentrations (p < 0.01). CPK correlated (p < 0.01 for all) with LDH (r = 0.69), serum myoglobin (r = 0.57), creatinine (r = 0.42), AST (r = 0.77), and ALT (r = 0.38). Conclusions: Biomarkers of muscle damage, renal stress, and liver function were higher IPS, with only partial recovery by 24hPS. These findings provide preliminary reference patterns for biomarker fluctuations and support individualized, serial monitoring to identify abnormal responses and promote early detection of ER. Full article

To address the challenges of low strength and poor impermeability of soil–cement walls formed with ordinary cement materials when applying the CSM (Cutter Soil Mixing) method in highly weathered strata, this study carried out structural optimization by combining the CSM method with H–section steel. This optimization effectively resolves issues such as low efficiency and high cost associated with the CSM method integrated with cement–filled piles. Meanwhile, using ordinary Portland cement as the base material, basalt fiber, sodium bentonite, and fly ash were added to investigate the influence of each component on the performance of the new composite. A novel CSM material suitable for highly weathered strata was developed, which exhibits excellent mechanical strength and impermeability. The optimal mix proportion of the soil–cement material was determined as follows: basalt fiber 0.5%, fly ash 15%, and sodium bentonite 3%. This research provides a quantitative basis for the efficient and economical application of the CSM method in highly weathered strata. Full article

Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Maternal vaccination with the bivalent vaccine Abrysvo^® in the third trimester (24–36 weeks) is an effective strategy to prevent severe respiratory illnesses in newborns. However, the introduction of this new technology faces structural obstacles that amplify inequalities. This rapid literature review sought to map and synthesize evidence on inequalities and inequities in adherence and accessibility to maternal vaccination among Black pregnant women. A rapid literature review was conducted using a mixed-methods approach (narrative synthesis and thematic analysis), following guidelines adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook. The research question was structured using the acronym Population/Problem, Exposure, Comparison, and Outcome, focusing on Black pregnant women, maternal vaccination, comparison with other groups, and barriers/determinants. The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed (via Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Scopus and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, covering studies published between 2022 and 2025 that presented disaggregated analysis by race. The analysis and interpretation of the findings were guided by Critical Race Theory. The analysis of the twelve included studies (mainly from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Brazil) revealed systematic and robust disparities. Black pregnant women had lower vaccination coverage and were less likely to receive timely recommendations compared to White pregnant women. The barriers identified include: institutional distrust (resulting from structural racism), poor access to prenatal care, inadequate communication, and socioeconomic factors. Inequities are structural and multifactorial phenomena. To ensure that the benefits of the vaccine are distributed equitably, strategies such as anti-racist training for healthcare teams, active vaccination outreach, and continuous monitoring of data disaggregated by race are essential. Full article

Background: Accurate evaluation of the Near Point of Convergence (NPC) is essential for diagnosing and managing convergence insufficiency (CI). Conventional assessment relies on the patient’s verbal feedback and the examiner’s visual observation, making it subjective and examiner-dependent. The AI-based MobileS platform, previously validated for both diagnosis and home-based therapy of CI, enables smartphone-based measurement and visualisation of NPC through eye tracking, without the need for verbal responses or additional equipment. This study, the third stage of our research programme, examined how ophthalmologists interpret NPC data when presented as videos versus AI-derived graphs. Methods: Twenty-two ophthalmologists completed an online questionnaire with 20 NPC test cases from the validated MobileS database, presented as both silent videos and AI-derived graphs. Accuracy was analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression, and continuous error was assessed using clustered bootstrap. Results: Graph-based interpretation showed higher odds of accurate NPC identification than video-based interpretation at the primary ±5 mm threshold (OR = 19.7, 95% CI: 13.50–28.74; p < 0.0001). Absolute error was lower for graphs than videos (Graphs − Videos: −22.73 mm; 95% CI: −26.88 to −18.59; p < 0.0001). “Uncertain” responses occurred in 28.2% of video-based assessments and 0% of graph-based assessments. Off-target errors decreased from 50.2% (videos) to 3.6% (graphs). Conclusions: AI-derived graphs of eye-movement data were associated with improved NPC estimation, suggesting a potential role in supporting clinical and tele-ophthalmology workflows. Full article

Children gifted for music are often described as possessing heightened perceptual and sensory abilities, yet little is known about how these abilities are understood within different family contexts or how giftedness is experienced as an identity. This mixed-methods study examined alignment between gifted children’s and parents’ perceptions of children’s mental–perceptual abilities, the role of parental musical background, and how giftedness is explained and emotionally negotiated. Twenty-two children identified as gifted for music and 25 parents completed a survey based on Gagné’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent assessing six mental–perceptual abilities, followed by semi-structured interviews. Quantitative analyses revealed a strong positive association between child and parent ratings, alongside a consistent tendency for parents to provide higher evaluations. Parental professional musical background did not significantly moderate alignment but was associated with greater variability in both children’s and parents’ ratings. Qualitative findings indicated shared experiential understandings of ability across families, alongside systematic differences in evaluative frameworks: musician parents more frequently drew on technical, comparative, and training-based standards, whereas non-musician parents relied on affective and everyday observations. Children across contexts often expressed modesty or ambivalence toward being labeled gifted, while parents balanced pride with concern about pressure. Overall, perceptions of mental–perceptual ability emerged as relationally constructed within family environments that shape how musical giftedness is recognized and supported. Full article