Search Results (2,494)

The conductors of high-speed railway OCSs (Overhead Contact Systems) are susceptible to conductor galloping due to the impact of natural elements such as strong winds, rain, and snow, resulting in conductor fatigue damage and significantly compromising train operational safety. Consequently, monitoring the galloping status of conductors is crucial, and instance segmentation techniques, by delineating the pixel-level contours of each conductor, can significantly aid in the identification and study of galloping phenomena. This work expands upon the YOLO11-seg model and introduces an instance segmentation approach for galloping video and image sensor data of OCS conductors. The algorithm, designed for the stripe-like distribution of OCS conductors in the data, employs four-direction Sobel filters to extract edge features in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal orientations. These features are subsequently integrated with the original convolutional branch to form the FDSE (Four Direction Sobel Enhancement) module. It integrates the ECA (Efficient Channel Attention) mechanism for the adaptive augmentation of conductor characteristics and utilizes the FL (Focal Loss) function to mitigate the class-imbalance issue between positive and negative samples, hence enhancing the model’s sensitivity to conductors. Consequently, segmentation outcomes from neighboring frames are utilized, and mask-difference analysis is performed to autonomously detect conductor galloping locations, emphasizing their contours for the clear depiction of galloping characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced YOLO11-seg model achieves 85.38% precision, 77.30% recall, 84.25% AP@0.5, 81.14% F1-score, and a real-time processing speed of 44.78 FPS. When combined with the galloping visualization module, it can issue real-time alerts of conductor galloping anomalies, providing robust technical support for railway OCS safety monitoring. Full article

Background: As COVID-19 transitions to an endemic phase, long COVID symptoms remain a significant public health issue affecting both physical and mental health. A notable proportion of college students report symptoms such as fatigue, cough, and brain fog persisting for weeks or months post-infection. Objectives: This study explored the prevalence and contributing factors of long COVID symptoms among both infected and uninfected students in medicine-related departments. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using online self-reported questionnaires completed by 1523 undergraduate and graduate students in medicine-related departments at a medical university. Participants who had tested positive for COVID-19 within the past three months were excluded. The survey assessed long COVID symptoms, with comparisons conducted between infected and uninfected groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms. Results: Of the 1118 participants, 47.5% of those with a prior COVID-19 diagnosis reported long COVID symptoms within the past month. Significant differences between the infected and uninfected groups were observed in physical, cognitive, and psychological health. Logistic regression identified that prior COVID-19 diagnosis had an association with the presence of long COVID symptoms (odds ratio = 1.48, p = 0.024) after adjusted model analysis. Meanwhile, higher anxiety levels (odds ratio = 1.09, p < 0.001) and a BMI ≥ 24 (odds ratio = 4.50, p < 0.01) were identified as significant risk factors for post-infection syndrome among previously infected students. Sex and exercise habits also influenced symptom prevalence. Conclusions: Since late 2023, with those experiencing cumulative infections surpassing half of Taiwan’s population, long COVID symptoms have persisted as a widespread concern affecting both physical and mental health, continuing into 2025. This study underscores critical risk factors and symptom patterns among students in medicine-related departments, reinforcing the urgency of sustained surveillance and targeted interventions to facilitate comprehensive recovery. Full article

The development of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has contributed in various ways to improving the physical condition of modern football players by enabling the quantification of physical load. Previous studies have reported that the running demands of matches vary depending on playing position and formation. Over the past decade, despite the widespread use of GPS technology, studies that have investigated the running performance of young football players within the 1-4-3-3 formation are particularly limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to create the match running profile of playing positions in the 1-4-3-3 formation among high-level youth football players. An additional objective of the study was to compare the running performance of players between the two halves of a match. This study involved 25 football players (Under-19, U19) from the academy of a professional football club. Data were collected from 18 league matches in which the team used the 1-4-3-3 formation. Positions were categorized as Central Defenders (CDs), Side Defenders (SDs), Central Midfielders (CMs), Side Midfielders (SMs), and Forwards (Fs). The players’ movement patterns were monitored using GPS devices and categorized into six speed zones: Zone 1 (0.1–6 km/h), Zone 2 (6.1–12 km/h), Zone 3 (12.1–18 km/h), Zone 4 (18.1–21 km/h), Zone 5 (21.1–24 km/h), and Zone 6 (above 24.1 km/h). The results showed that midfielders covered the greatest total distance (p = 0.001), while SDs covered the most meters at high and maximal speeds (Zones 5 and 6) (p = 0.001). In contrast, CDs covered the least distance at high speeds (p = 0.001), which is attributed to the specific tactical role of their position. A comparison of the two halves revealed a progressive decrease in the distance covered by the players at high speed: distance in Zone 3 decreased from 1139 m to 944 m (p = 0.001), Zone 4 from 251 m to 193 m (p = 0.001), Zone 5 from 144 m to 110 m (p = 0.001), and maximal sprinting (Zone 6) dropped from 104 m to 78 m (p = 0.01). Despite this reduction, the total distance remained relatively stable (first half: 5237 m; second half: 5046 m, p = 0.16), indicating a consistent overall workload but a reduced number of high-speed efforts in the latter stages. The results clearly show that the tactical role of each playing position in the 1-4-3-3 formation, as well as the area of the pitch in which each position operates, significantly affects the running performance profile. This information should be utilized by fitness coaches to tailor physical loads based on playing position. More specifically, players who cover greater distances at high speeds during matches should be prepared for this scenario within the microcycle by performing similar distances during training. It can also be used for better preparing younger players (U17) before transitioning to the U19 level. Knowing the running profile of the next age category, the fitness coach can prepare the players so that by the end of the season, they are approaching the running performance levels of the next group, with the goal of ensuring a smoother transition. Finally, regarding the two halves of the game, it is evident that fitness coaches should train players during the microcycle to maintain high movement intensities even under fatigue. Full article

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that some individuals recovering from COVID-19 develop persistent symptoms, including fatigue, pain, cognitive difficulties, and psychological distress, commonly known as Long COVID. These symptoms often overlap with those seen in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), underscoring the need for integrative, non-pharmacological interventions. This Phase II controlled trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-BF) in individuals with Long COVID who meet the diagnostic criteria for CFS/ME. Specific objectives included assessing feasibility indicators (drop-out rates, side effects, participant satisfaction) and changes in fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, and health-related quality of life. Methods: Participants were assigned alternately and consecutively to the HRV-BF intervention or Treatment-as-usual (TAU), in a predefined 1:1 sequence (quasirandom assignment). The intervention consisted of 10 HRV-BF sessions, held twice weekly over 5 weeks, with each session including a 10 min respiratory preparation and 40 min of active training. Results: The overall drop-out rate was low (5.56%), and participants reported a generally high level of satisfaction. Regarding side effects, the mean total Simulator Sickness Questionnaire score was 24.31 (SD = 35.42), decreasing to 12.82 (SD = 15.24) after excluding an outlier. A significantly greater improvement in severe fatigue was observed in the experimental group (H = 4.083, p = 0.043). When considering all outcomes collectively, a tendency toward improvement was detected in the experimental group (binomial test, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: HRV-BF appears feasible and well tolerated. Findings support the need for Phase III trials to confirm its potential in mitigating fatigue in Long COVID. Full article

This work presents an innovative hydrothermal approach for fabricating flexible piezoelectric PZT thin films on 20 μm titanium foil substrates using TiO₂ and SrTiO₃ (STO) interlayers. Three heterostructures (Ti/PZT, Ti/TiO₂/PZT, and Ti/TiO₂/STO/PZT) were synthesized to enable low-temperature growth and improve ferroelectric performance for advanced flexible MEMS. Characterizations including XRD, PFM, and P–E loop analysis evaluated crystallinity, piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃, and polarization behavior. The results demonstrate that the multilayered Ti/TiO₂/STO/PZT structure significantly enhances performance. XRD confirmed the STO buffer layer effectively reduces lattice mismatch with PZT to ~0.76%, promoting stable morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition formation. This optimized film exhibited superior piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, with a high d₃₃ of 113.42 pm/V, representing an ~8.65% increase over unbuffered Ti/PZT samples, and displayed more uniform domain behavior in PFM imaging. Impedance spectroscopy showed the lowest minimum impedance of 8.96 Ω at 10.19 MHz, indicating strong electromechanical coupling. Furthermore, I–V measurements demonstrated significantly suppressed leakage currents in the STO-buffered samples, with current levels ranging from 10⁻¹² A to 10⁻⁹ A over ±3 V. This structure also showed excellent fatigue endurance through one million electrical cycles, confirming its mechanical and electrical stability. These findings highlight the potential of this hydrothermally engineered flexible heterostructure for high-performance actuators and sensors in advanced MEMS applications. Full article

Cold-water immersion (CWI), as a common recovery method, has been widely used in the field of post-exercise fatigue recovery. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic scientific evaluation of the combined effects of cold-water immersion combined with other therapies (CWI + Other). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of CWI and CWI + Other in post-exercise fatigue recovery and to explore the potential benefits of CWI + Other. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EBSCO databases to include 24 studies (475 subjects in total) and performed a meta-analysis using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed that both CWI + Other (SMD = −0.68, 95% CI: −1.03 to −0.33) and CWI (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI: −0.65 to −0.10) were effective in reducing delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In subgroup analyses of athletes, both CWI + Other (SMD = −1.13, 95% CI: −1.76 to −0.49) and CWI (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.08) also demonstrated significant effects. In addition, CWI + Other significantly reduced post-exercise C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (SMD = −0.62, 95% CI: −1.12 to −0.13), and CWI with water temperatures higher than 10 °C also showed a CRP-lowering effect (MD = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.07), suggesting a potential benefit in anti-inflammation. There were no significant differences between the two interventions in the metrics of creatine kinase (CK; CWI: SMD = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.27 to 0.24; CWI + Other: SMD = 0.26, 95% CI: −0.51 to 1.03) or countermovement jump (CMJ; CWI: SMD = 0.22, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.57; CWI + Other: SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: −0.70 to 0.85). Full article

Background/Objectives: Fatigue and cognitive impairment are common issues for People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), affecting over 80% and 40–65%, respectively. The relationship between these two debilitating conditions is complex, with cognitive deficits exacerbating fatigue and vice versa. This study investigates the effects of a multimodal intervention combining cognitive rehabilitation and neuromodulation to alleviate fatigue and enhance cognitive performance in PwMS. Methods: The research employed multiple baselines across the subjects in a Single-Case Experimental Design (mbSCED) with a cohort of three PwMS diagnosed with Relapsing–Remitting MS. The intervention protocol consisted of a baseline phase followed by a four-week treatment involving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training using RehaCom^® software (version 6.9.0). Fatigue levels were measured using the modified Fatigue Impact Scale (mFIS), while cognitive performance was evaluated through standardized neuropsychological assessments. Results: The multimodal protocol exhibited high feasibility and acceptability, with no dropouts. Individual responsiveness outcomes varied, with two PwMS showing significant decreases in fatigue and improvements in cognitive performance, particularly in the trained domains. Their motor performance and quality of life also improved, suggesting that the treatment had indirect beneficial effects. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence for the potential benefits of integrating neuromodulation and cognitive rehabilitation as a personalized therapeutic strategy for managing fatigue and cognitive impairments in MS. Further research is needed to delineate the specific contributions of each intervention component and establish standardized protocols for clinical implementation. The insights gained may lead to more effective, tailored treatment options for PwMS. Full article

Problem: Existing Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) allocators cannot react at a sub-second scale while accounting for worker fatigue. Objective: We designed a fatigue-aware combinatorial auction executed every 100 ms. Method: A human and a FANUC robot submit bids combining execution time, predicted energy, and real-time fatigue; a greedy algorithm (≤1 ms) with a $1-1/e$ approximation guarantee and O (|Bids| log |Bids|) complexity maximizes utility. Results: In 1000 RoboDK episodes, the framework increases active cycles·min⁻¹ by 20%, improves robot utilization by +10.2 percentage points, reduces per cycle fatigue by 4%, and raises the collision-free rate to 99.85% versus a static baseline (p < 0.001). Contribution: We provide the first transparent, sub-second, fatigue-aware allocation mechanism for Industry 5.0, with quantified privacy safeguards and a roadmap for physical deployment. Unlike prior auction-based or reinforcement learning approaches, our model uniquely integrates a sub-second ergonomic adaptation with a mathematically interpretable utility structure, ensuring both human-centered responsiveness and system-level transparency. Full article

Malignant mediastinal tumors are a group representing some of the most demanding oncological challenges for early, multi-level, and successful management. The timely identification of any suspicious clinical symptomatology is urgent in achieving an accurate, staged histological diagnosis, in order to follow up with an equally detailed medical therapeutic plan (interventional or not) and determine the principal goals regarding efficient overall treatment in these patients. We report a case of a 24-year-old male patient with an incident-free prior medical history. An initial chest X-ray was performed after the patient reported short-term, consistent moderate chest pain symptomatology, early work fatigue, and shortness of breath. The following imaging procedures (chest CT, PET-CT) indicated the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass (meas. ~11 cm × 10 cm × 13 cm, SUV: 8.7), applying additional pressure upon both right heart chambers. The Alpha-Fetoprotein (aFP) blood levels had exceeded at least 50 times their normal range. Two consecutive diagnostic attempts with non-specific histological results, a negative-for-malignancy fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA-biopsy), and an additional tumor biopsy, performed via mini anterior (R) thoracotomy with “suspicious” cellular gatherings, were performed elsewhere. After admission to our department, an (R) Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) was performed, along with multiple tumor biopsies and moderate pleural effusion drainage. The tumor’s measurements had increased to DMax: 16 cm × 9 cm × 13 cm, with a severe degree of atelectasis of the Right Lower Lobe parenchyma (RLL) and a pressure-displacement effect upon the Superior Vena Cava (SVC) and the (R) heart sinus, based on data from the preoperative chest MRA. The histological report indicated elements of a combined, non-seminomatous germ-cell mediastinal tumor, posthuberal-type teratoma, and embryonal carcinoma. The imminent chemotherapeutic plan included a “BEP” (Bleomycin^®/Cisplatin^®/Etoposide^®) scheme, which needed to be modified to a “VIP” (Cisplatin^®/Etoposide^®/Ifosfamide^®) scheme, due to an acute pulmonary embolism incident. While the aFP blood levels declined, even reaching normal measurements, the tumor’s size continued to increase significantly (DMax: 28 cm × 25 cm × 13 cm), with severe localized pressure effects, rapid weight loss, and a progressively worsening clinical status. Thus, an emergency surgical intervention took place via median sternotomy, extended with a complementary “T-Shaped” mini anterior (R) thoracotomy. A large, approx. 4 Kg mediastinal tumor was extracted, with additional RML and RUL “en-bloc” segmentectomy and partial mediastinal pleura decortication. The following histological results, apart from verifying the already-known posthuberal-type teratoma, indicated additional scattered small lesions of combined high-grade rabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma, as well as numerous high-grade glioblastoma cellular gatherings. No visible findings of the previously discovered non-seminomatous germ-cell and embryonal carcinoma elements were found. The patient’s postoperative status progressively improved, allowing therapeutic management to continue with six “TIP” (Cisplatin^®/Paclitaxel^®/Ifosfamide^®) sessions, currently under his regular “follow-up” from the oncological team. This report underlines the importance of early, accurate histological identification, combined with any necessary surgical intervention, diagnostic or therapeutic, as well as the appliance of any subsequent multimodality management plan. The diversity of mediastinal tumors, especially for young patients, leaves no place for complacency. Such rare examples may manifest, with equivalent, unpredictable evolution, obliging clinical physicians to stay constantly alert and not take anything for granted. Full article

Background/Objectives: Given the heterogeneous nature of long COVID, its treatment and management remain challenging. This study aimed to investigate whether poor pre-pandemic sleep quality, its deterioration during the peak of the pandemic, and circadian preference increase the risk of long COVID symptoms. Methods: An online survey was conducted between 9 October and 12 December 2022, with 384 participants who had recovered from COVID-19 at least three months prior to data collection. Participants were categorized based on the presence of at least one long COVID symptom. Logistic regression models assessed associations between sleep-related variables and long COVID symptoms. Results: Participants with long COVID symptoms reported significantly poorer sleep quality, higher perceived stress, greater somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal, and elevated levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms, anxiety, depression, and aggression. Fatigue (39.8%) and memory problems (37.0%) were the most common long COVID symptoms. Sleep deterioration during the pandemic peak was reported by 34.6% of respondents. Pre-pandemic poor sleep quality, its deterioration during the pandemic, and poor sleep at the time of the survey were all significantly associated with long COVID. An extreme morning chronotype consistently predicted long COVID symptoms across all models, while an extreme evening chronotype was predictive only when accounting for sleep quality changes during the pandemic. COVID-19 frequency, severity, financial impact, and somatic pre-sleep arousal were significant predictors in all models. Conclusions: Poor sleep quality before the pandemic and its worsening during the pandemic peak are associated with a higher likelihood of long COVID symptoms. These findings underscore the need to monitor sleep health during pandemics and similar global events to help identify at-risk individuals and mitigate long-term health consequences, with important clinical and societal implications. Full article

This study examines the effectiveness of energy-based models for fatigue life prediction of additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites. The effects of varying GNP weight percentages and filament raster orientations on the fatigue life of the samples were investigated theoretically. The required stress and strain values for use in energy-based models were obtained by solving two sets of Neuber and Ramberg–Osgood equations, utilizing the available values of notch strength reduction factors at each load level and the average Young modulus for each composite material. Results revealed that none of the studied energy-based models could accurately predict the fatigue life of the samples across the entire high- and low-cycle fatigue regimes, with strong dependence on the stress ratio (R). Instead, a novel fatigue life prediction model was developed by combining two existing energy-based models, incorporating stress ratio dependence for cases with negative mean stress. This model was tested for R values roughly between −0.22 and 0. Results showed that, for all samples at each raster orientation, most of the predicted fatigue lives fell within the upper and lower bounds, with a factor of ±2 across the entire range of load levels. These findings highlight the reliability of the proposed model for a wide range of R values when mean stress is negative. Full article

Football performance results from the dynamic interaction between physical, tactical, technical, and psychological dimensions—each of which also influences player well-being, recovery, and readiness. However, integrated monitoring approaches remain scarce, particularly in youth and sub-elite contexts. This systematic review screened 341 records from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with 46 studies meeting the inclusion criteria (n = 1763 players; age range: 13.2–28.7 years). Physical external load was reported in 44 studies using GPS-derived metrics such as total distance and high-speed running, while internal load was examined in 36 studies through session-RPE (rate of perceived exertion × duration), heart rate zones, training impulse (TRIMP), and Player Load (PL). A total of 22 studies included well-being indicators capturing fatigue, sleep quality, stress levels, and muscle soreness, through tools such as the Hooper Index (HI), the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale, and various Likert-type or composite wellness scores. Tactical behaviours (n = 15) were derived from positional tracking systems, while technical performance (n = 7) was assessed using metrics like pass accuracy and expected goals, typically obtained from Wyscout^® or TRACAB^® (a multi-camera optical tracking system). Only five studies employed multivariate models to examine interactions between performance domains or to predict well-being outcomes. Most remained observational, relying on descriptive analyses and examining each domain in isolation. These findings reveal a fragmented approach to player monitoring and a lack of conceptual integration between physical, psychological, tactical, and technical indicators. Future research should prioritise multidimensional, standardised monitoring frameworks that combine contextual, psychophysiological, and performance data to improve applied decision-making and support player health, particularly in sub-elite and youth populations. Full article

Background/Objectives: “Ozempic face” is an aesthetic side effect associated with the use of the antidiabetic agent Ozempic (semaglutide), characterized by a prematurely aged and fatigued facial appearance due to rapid weight loss. Currently, treatment options for this condition are limited. In this study, we present our clinical experience with the BodyTite device, provided by InMode Italy S.r.l. (Rome, Italy). Materials and Methods: We report a case series involving 24 patients (19 women and 5 men, aged 27–65 years), treated with subdermal bipolar radiofrequency (Endotissutal Bipolar Radiofrequency) between 2023 and 2024. All patients underwent a minimum follow-up of 12 months. At the end of the follow-up period, patients rated their satisfaction on a from 0 to 10 scale, and an independent expert assessed the stability of clinical outcomes. Results: The majority of patients reported high satisfaction levels (≥8), which correlated with the independent expert’s evaluation of treatment efficacy and result stability. The only observed adverse event was transient cutaneous erythema. Conclusions: “Ozempic face” is an increasingly common side effect associated with newer classes of antidiabetic medications. Although these drugs offer significant metabolic benefits, the accompanying facial volume loss and aging are often poorly tolerated by patients. Our findings suggest that subdermal bipolar radiofrequency represents a safe, low-risk, and cost-effective therapeutic option for the aesthetic management of Ozempic face. Full article

Background/Objectives: This quantitative cross-sectional study examined the relationships between self-efficacy, compassion fatigue, and the quality of nursing work life (QNWL) in primary care nurses from the Dammam and Riyadh regions of Saudi Arabia. This study examined how these factors varied according to gender, education, income, and years of experience. Methods: A total of 158 primary care nurses completed validated survey instruments, including the General Self-Efficacy Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale—Version 5, and Work-Related Quality of Life Scale-2. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that participants experienced elevated self-efficacy (M = 29.53, SD = 0.52), moderate compassion fatigue (M = 54.62, SD = 10.16), and moderate overall quality of work life (QWL) (M = 3.26, SD = 0.52). Positive correlations were identified between self-efficacy and QWL (r = 0.250, p < 0.05) and compassion satisfaction (r = 0.533, p < 0.05). By contrast, compassion fatigue was negatively correlated with QWL (r = −0.259, p < 0.05). Notable disparities in QWL were identified according to education level and years of experience, with nurses possessing advanced degrees and those with less experience having elevated QNWL scores. Conclusions: This study highlights the significance of promoting self-efficacy and mitigating compassion fatigue to improve the quality of nursing. Administrators and nurse leaders should consider strategies such as continuous professional development, psychological support, and effective workload management to enhance the well-being and retention of primary care nurses. Full article

Background/Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain condition in which executive function (EF) alterations have been reported, though strikingly, relationships between simple executive functions (EFs) (updating, inhibition, and mental flexibility) and high-order ones, such as planning and problem-solving, have not been addressed yet in this population. This research aimed to firstly explore how low-level EFs play a role in planning and problem-solving performances. Methods: Thirty FMS patients and thirty healthy participants completed a series of neuropsychological tests evaluating low- and high-order EFs. Clinical and emotional symptoms were assessed with self-report questionnaires, while pain and fatigue levels were measured with numerical scales. Importantly, specific drug restrictions were accounted for. Results: Patients scored lower in most neurocognitive tests, with statistical significance noted only for visuospatial working memory (WM) and two planning and problem-solving tests. Pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances showed important effects on most of the cognitive outcomes. Multiple regression analyses reflected that planning and problem-solving were successfully and partially predicted by updating, inhibition, and mental flexibility (though differences emerged between tasks). Conclusions: Our study confirms the presence of cognitive impairments in FMS, especially in high-order EFs, supporting patients’ complaints. Clinical symptoms play a role in FMS dyscognition but do not explain it completely. For the first time, as far as the authors know, simple EF influences on planning and problem-solving tests have been described for FMS patients. These results might help in unraveling the dysexecutive profile in FMS to design more adjusted treatment options. Full article