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Search Results (1,155)

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Keywords = electromagnetic loss

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18 pages, 5389 KiB  
Article
Novel Method of Estimating Iron Loss Equivalent Resistance of Laminated Core Winding at Various Frequencies
by Maxime Colin, Thierry Boileau, Noureddine Takorabet and Stéphane Charmoille
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4099; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154099 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 153
Abstract
Electromagnetic and magnetic devices are increasingly prevalent in sectors such as transportation, industry, and renewable energy due to the ongoing electrification trend. These devices exhibit nonlinear behavior, particularly under signals rich in harmonics. They require precise and appropriate modeling for accurate sizing. Identifying [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic and magnetic devices are increasingly prevalent in sectors such as transportation, industry, and renewable energy due to the ongoing electrification trend. These devices exhibit nonlinear behavior, particularly under signals rich in harmonics. They require precise and appropriate modeling for accurate sizing. Identifying model-specific parameters, which depend on frequency, is crucial. This article focuses on a specific frequency range where a circuit model with series resistance and inductance, along with a parallel resistance to account for iron losses (Riron), is applicable. While the determination of series elements is well documented, the determination of Riron remains complex and debated, with traditional methods neglecting operating conditions such as magnetic saturation. To address these limitations, an innovative experimental method is proposed, comprising two main steps: determining the complex impedance of the magnetic device and extracting Riron from the model. This method aims to provide a more precise and representative estimation of Riron, improving the reliability and accuracy of electromagnetic and magnetic device simulations and designs. The obtained values of the iron loss equivalent resistance are different by at least 300% than those obtained by an impedance analyzer. The proposed method is expected to advance the understanding and modeling of losses in electromagnetic and magnetic devices, offering more robust tools for engineers and researchers in optimizing device performance and efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
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12 pages, 5121 KiB  
Article
Design of an Energy Selective Surface Employing Dual-Resonant Circuit Topology
by Honglin Zhang, Jihong Zhang, Song Zha, Huan Jiang, Tao Zhou, Chenxi Liu and Peiguo Liu
Electronics 2025, 14(15), 3029; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153029 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 136
Abstract
A dual-polarization energy selective surface (ESS) with low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding effectiveness (SE) based on a dual-resonant equivalent circuit topology was proposed for high-intensity radiation field (HIRF) protection in this paper. The design principle was elucidated through an equivalent circuit [...] Read more.
A dual-polarization energy selective surface (ESS) with low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding effectiveness (SE) based on a dual-resonant equivalent circuit topology was proposed for high-intensity radiation field (HIRF) protection in this paper. The design principle was elucidated through an equivalent circuit model and translated into a physical ESS implementation. It consists of two resonant rings, vertically arranged and loaded with diodes, along with two lumped capacitors. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the IL is less than 3 dB when in the OFF state in a working frequency band, and the SE exceeds 20 dB when in the ON state. Moreover, the ESS’s dual-polarization, low cost, and easy-to-design characteristics hold great promise for broad applications in protecting communication and radar systems in complex electromagnetic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Microelectronics)
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18 pages, 2661 KiB  
Article
Resonator Width Optimization for Enhanced Performance and Bonding Reliability in Wideband RF MEMS Filter
by Gwanil Jeon, Minho Jeong, Shungmoon Lee, Youngjun Jo and Nam-Seog Kim
Micromachines 2025, 16(8), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16080878 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 172
Abstract
This research investigates resonator width optimization for simultaneously enhancing electrical performance and mechanical reliability in wideband RF MEMS filters through systematic evaluation of three configurations: 0% (L1), 60% (L2), and 100% (L3) matching ratios between cap and bottom wafers using Au-Au thermocompression bonding. [...] Read more.
This research investigates resonator width optimization for simultaneously enhancing electrical performance and mechanical reliability in wideband RF MEMS filters through systematic evaluation of three configurations: 0% (L1), 60% (L2), and 100% (L3) matching ratios between cap and bottom wafers using Au-Au thermocompression bonding. The study demonstrates that resonator width alignment significantly influences both electromagnetic field coupling and bonding interface integrity. The L3 configuration with complete width matching achieved optimal RF performance, demonstrating 3.34 dB insertion loss across 4.5 GHz bandwidth (25% fractional bandwidth), outperforming L2 (3.56 dB) and L1 (3.10 dB), while providing enhanced electromagnetic wave coupling and minimized contact resistance. Mechanical reliability testing revealed superior bonding strength for the L3 configuration, withstanding up to 7.14 Kgf in shear pull tests, significantly exceeding L1 (4.22 Kgf) and L2 (2.24 Kgf). SEM analysis confirmed uniform bonding interfaces with minimal void formation (~180 nm), while Q-factor measurements showed L3 achieved optimal loaded Q-factor (QL = 3.31) suitable for wideband operation. Comprehensive environmental testing, including thermal cycling (−50 °C to +145 °C) and humidity exposure per MIL-STD-810E standards, validated long-term stability across all configurations. This investigation establishes that complete resonator width matching between cap and bottom wafers optimizes both electromagnetic performance and mechanical bonding reliability, providing a validated framework for developing high-performance, reliable RF MEMS devices for next-generation communication, radar, and sensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue CMOS-MEMS Fabrication Technologies and Devices, 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 6211 KiB  
Article
An Optimization Method to Enhance the Accuracy of Noise Source Impedance Extraction Based on the Insertion Loss Method
by Rongxuan Zhang, Ziliang Zhang, Jun Zhan and Chunying Gong
Micromachines 2025, 16(8), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16080864 - 26 Jul 2025
Viewed by 290
Abstract
The optimal design of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters relies on accurate characterization of noise source impedance. The conventional insertion loss method involves integrating two distinct passive two-port networks between the linear impedance stabilization network (LISN) and the equipment under test (EUT). The utilization [...] Read more.
The optimal design of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters relies on accurate characterization of noise source impedance. The conventional insertion loss method involves integrating two distinct passive two-port networks between the linear impedance stabilization network (LISN) and the equipment under test (EUT). The utilization of the insertion loss to formulate a system of binary quadratic equations concerning the real and imaginary components of the impedance of the noise source enables the precise extraction of the magnitude and phase of the noise source impedance in theory. However, inherent inaccuracies in the insertion loss method during extraction can compromise impedance accuracy or even cause extraction failure. This work employs a series inductance method to overcome these limitations. Exact analytical expressions are derived for the magnitude and phase of the noise source impedance. Subsequently, the application scope of the series insertion loss method is analyzed, and the impact of insertion loss measurement error on noise source impedance extraction accuracy is quantified. Requirements for improving extraction accuracy are discussed, and method optimization strategies are proposed. The permissible range of insertion loss error ensuring a solution exists is deduced. Finally, simulation and experimental results validate the proposed approach in a buck converter. Full article
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18 pages, 4826 KiB  
Article
Study on Optimal Adaptive Meta-Model and Performance Optimization of Built-In Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
by Chuanfu Jin, Wei Zhou, Wei Yang, Yao Wu, Jinlong Li, Yongtong Wang and Kang Li
Actuators 2025, 14(8), 373; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14080373 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 128
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of single-objective optimization in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) performance enhancement, this study proposes an adaptive moving least squares (AMLS) for a 12-pole/36-slot built-in PMSM. Through comprehensive exploration of the design space, a systematic approach is established for holistic [...] Read more.
To overcome the limitations of single-objective optimization in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) performance enhancement, this study proposes an adaptive moving least squares (AMLS) for a 12-pole/36-slot built-in PMSM. Through comprehensive exploration of the design space, a systematic approach is established for holistic motor performance improvement. The Gaussian weight function is modified to improve the model’s fitting accuracy, and the decay rate of the control weight is optimized. The optimal adaptive meta-model for the built-in PMSM is selected based on the coefficient of determination. Subsequently, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the parameters that most significantly influence key performance indicators, including torque ripple, stator core loss, electromagnetic force amplitude, and average output torque. These parameters are then chosen as the optimal design variables. A multi-objective optimization framework, built upon the optimal adaptive meta-model, is developed to address the multi-objective optimization problem. The results demonstrate increased output torque, along with reductions in stator core loss, torque ripple, and radial electromagnetic force, thereby significantly improving the overall performance of the motor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section High Torque/Power Density Actuators)
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29 pages, 4447 KiB  
Article
Cooling Systems for High-Speed Machines—Review and Design Considerations
by Matthew Meier and Elias G. Strangas
Energies 2025, 18(15), 3954; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18153954 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 460
Abstract
High-speed machines are attractive to many industries due to their small size and light weight, but present unique cooling challenges due to their increased loss and reduced surface area. Cooling system advancements are central to the development of faster, smaller machines, and as [...] Read more.
High-speed machines are attractive to many industries due to their small size and light weight, but present unique cooling challenges due to their increased loss and reduced surface area. Cooling system advancements are central to the development of faster, smaller machines, and as such, are constantly evolving. This paper presents a review of classical and state-of-the-art cooling systems. Each cooling method—air cooling, indirect liquid cooling, and direct liquid cooling—has potential use in cooling high-speed machines, but each comes with unique considerations, which are discussed. An example design process highlights the interdependence of the electromagnetic and thermal design choices, illustrating the necessity of integrating the electromagnetic and thermal designs in a holistic approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator)
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24 pages, 5021 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Mechanical and Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Mg Matrix Layered Composites Reinforced with Hybrid Graphene Nanosheet (GNS)–Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Networks
by Hailong Shi, Jiancheng Zhao, Zhenming Sun, Xiaojun Wang, Xiaoshi Hu, Xuejian Li, Chao Xu, Weimin Gan and Chao Ding
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153455 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
The development of lightweight composites with superior mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance is essential for various structural and functional applications. This study investigates the effect of hybrid nanocarbon (graphene nanosheet (GNS) and carbon nanotube (CNT)) reinforcements on the properties of [...] Read more.
The development of lightweight composites with superior mechanical properties and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance is essential for various structural and functional applications. This study investigates the effect of hybrid nanocarbon (graphene nanosheet (GNS) and carbon nanotube (CNT)) reinforcements on the properties of magnesium (Mg) matrix composites. Specifically, the GNS-CNT hybrid, which forms a three-dimensional interconnected network structure, was analyzed and compared to composites reinforced with only GNSs or CNTs. The objective was to determine the benefits of hybrid reinforcements on the mechanical strength and EMI shielding capability of the composites. The results indicated that the GNS-CNT/Mg composite, at a nanocarbon content of 0.5 wt.% and a GNS-CNT ratio of 1:2, achieved optimal performance, with a 55% increase in tensile strength and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 70 dB. The observed enhancements can be attributed to several key mechanisms: effective load transfer, which promotes tensile twinning, along with improved impedance matching and multiple internal reflections within the GNS-CNT network, which enhance absorption loss. These significant improvements position the composite as a promising candidate for advanced applications requiring high strength, toughness, and efficient electromagnetic shielding, providing valuable insights into the design of high-performance lightweight materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Composites)
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16 pages, 2799 KiB  
Article
Electromagnetic Wave-Absorption Properties of FDM-Printed Acrylonitrile–Styrene–Acrylate/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Structures
by Aobo Zhou and Yan Wang
Polymers 2025, 17(15), 2010; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152010 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 255
Abstract
The growing need for lightweight, customizable electromagnetic wave absorbers with weather resistance in aerospace and electromagnetic compatibility applications motivates this study, which addresses the limitations of conventional materials in simultaneously achieving structural efficiency, broadband absorption, and environmental durability. We propose a fused deposition [...] Read more.
The growing need for lightweight, customizable electromagnetic wave absorbers with weather resistance in aerospace and electromagnetic compatibility applications motivates this study, which addresses the limitations of conventional materials in simultaneously achieving structural efficiency, broadband absorption, and environmental durability. We propose a fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based approach for fabricating lightweight wave-absorbing structures using acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites. Results demonstrate that CST Studio Suite simulations reveal a minimum reflection loss of −18.16 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) of 3.75 GHz for the 2 mm-thick composite plate when the MWCNT content is 2%. Through FDM fabrication and structural optimization, significant performance enhancements are achieved: The gradient honeycomb design with larger dimensions achieved an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.56 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of −32.60 dB. Meanwhile, the stacked stake structure exhibited a broader effective absorption bandwidth of 10.58 GHz, with its lowest reflection loss reaching −22.82 dB. This research provides innovative approaches for developing and manufacturing tailored lightweight electromagnetic wave-absorbing structures, which could be valuable for aerospace stealth technology and electromagnetic compatibility solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Processing and Engineering)
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28 pages, 14374 KiB  
Article
Novel Airfoil-Shaped Radar-Absorbing Inlet Grilles on Aircraft Incorporating Metasurfaces: Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization Using EHVI–Bayesian Method
by Xufei Wang, Yongqiang Shi, Qingzhen Yang, Huimin Xiang and Saile Zhang
Sensors 2025, 25(14), 4525; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144525 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Aircraft, as electromagnetically complex targets, have radar cross-sections (RCSs) that are influenced by various factors, with the inlet duct being a critical component that often serves as a primary source of electromagnetic scattering, significantly impacting the scattering characteristics. In light of the conflict [...] Read more.
Aircraft, as electromagnetically complex targets, have radar cross-sections (RCSs) that are influenced by various factors, with the inlet duct being a critical component that often serves as a primary source of electromagnetic scattering, significantly impacting the scattering characteristics. In light of the conflict between aerodynamic performance and electromagnetic characteristics in the design of aircraft engine inlet grilles, this paper proposes a metasurface radar-absorbing inlet grille (RIG) solution based on a NACA symmetric airfoil. The RIG adopts a sandwich structure consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) dielectric substrate, a copper zigzag metal strip array, and an indium tin oxide (ITO) resistive film. By leveraging the principles of surface plasmon polaritons, electromagnetic wave absorption can be achieved. To enhance the design efficiency, a multi-objective Bayesian optimization framework driven by the expected hypervolume improvement (EHVI) is constructed. The results show that, compared with a conventional rectangular cross-section grille, an airfoil-shaped grille under the same constraints will reduce both aerodynamic losses and the absorption bandwidth. After 100-step EHVI–Bayesian optimization, the optimized balanced model attains a 57.79% reduction in aerodynamic loss relative to the rectangular-shaped grille, while its absorption bandwidth increases by 111.99%. The RCS exhibits a reduction of over 8.77 dBsm in the high-frequency band. These results confirm that the proposed optimization design process can effectively balance the conflict between aerodynamic performance and stealth performance for RIGs, reducing the signal strength of aircraft engine inlets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
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13 pages, 6483 KiB  
Article
Design of I-WP Gradient Metamaterial Broadband Electromagnetic Absorber Based on Additive Manufacturing
by Yi Qin, Yuchuan Kang, He Liu, Jianbin Feng and Jianxin Qiao
Polymers 2025, 17(14), 1990; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17141990 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 430
Abstract
The proliferation of electromagnetic wave applications has accentuated electromagnetic pollution concerns, highlighting the critical importance of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMA). This study proposes innovative I-Wrapped Package Lattice electromagnetic wave absorbers (IWP–EMA) based on the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structure. Through a [...] Read more.
The proliferation of electromagnetic wave applications has accentuated electromagnetic pollution concerns, highlighting the critical importance of electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMA). This study proposes innovative I-Wrapped Package Lattice electromagnetic wave absorbers (IWP–EMA) based on the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structure. Through a rational design of porous gradient structures, broadband wave absorption was achieved while maintaining lightweight characteristics and mechanical robustness. The optimized three-dimensional configuration features a 20 mm thick gradient structure with a progressive relative density transition from 10% to 30%. Under normal incidence conditions, this gradient IWP–EMA basically achieves broadband absorption with a reflection loss below −10 dB across the 2–40 GHz frequency band, with absorption peaks below −19 dB, demonstrating good impedance-matching characteristics. Additionally, due to the complex interactions of electromagnetic waves within the structure, the proposed IWP–EMA achieves a wide-angle absorption range of 70° under Transverse Electric (TE) polarization and 70° under Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarization. The synergistic integration of the TPMS design and additive manufacturing technology employed in this study significantly expands the design space and application potential of electromagnetic absorption structures. Full article
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25 pages, 3459 KiB  
Article
Phase Composition, Structure, and Microwave Absorption of Magnetron-Sputtered Co–C–Cr Multilayer Films
by Nadezhda Prokhorenkova, Almira Zhilkashinova, Madi Abilev, Leszek Łatka, Igor Ocheredko and Assel Zhilkashinova
Compounds 2025, 5(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds5030027 - 20 Jul 2025
Viewed by 222
Abstract
Multilayer thin films composed of cobalt (Co), carbon (C), and chromium (Cr) possess promising electromagnetic properties, yet the combined Co–C–Cr system remains underexplored, particularly regarding its performance as a microwave absorber. Existing research has primarily focused on binary Co–C or Co–Cr compositions, leaving [...] Read more.
Multilayer thin films composed of cobalt (Co), carbon (C), and chromium (Cr) possess promising electromagnetic properties, yet the combined Co–C–Cr system remains underexplored, particularly regarding its performance as a microwave absorber. Existing research has primarily focused on binary Co–C or Co–Cr compositions, leaving a critical knowledge gap in understanding how ternary multilayer architectures influence electromagnetic behavior. This study addresses this gap by investigating the structure, phase composition, and microwave absorption performance of Co–C–Cr multilayer coatings fabricated via magnetron sputtering onto porous silicon substrates. This study compares four-layer and eight-layer configurations to assess how multilayer architecture affects impedance matching, reflection coefficients, and absorption characteristics within the 8.2–12.4 GHz frequency range. Structural analyses using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirm the coexistence of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases, which enhance absorption through dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. Both experimental and simulated results show that increasing the number of layers improves impedance gradients and broadens the operational bandwidth. The eight-layer coatings demonstrate a more uniform absorption response, while four-layer structures exhibit sharper resonant minima. These findings advance the understanding of ternary multilayer systems and contribute to the development of frequency-selective surfaces and broadband microwave shielding materials. Full article
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12 pages, 1770 KiB  
Article
Measuring the Operating Condition of Induction Motor Using High-Sensitivity Magnetic Sensor
by Akane Kobayashi, Kenji Nakamura and Takahito Ono
Sensors 2025, 25(14), 4471; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144471 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 345
Abstract
This study aimed to monitor the operating state of an induction motor, a type of electromagnetic motor, using a highly sensitive magnetic sensor, which could be applied for anomaly detection in the future. Monitoring the health of electromagnetic motors is very important to [...] Read more.
This study aimed to monitor the operating state of an induction motor, a type of electromagnetic motor, using a highly sensitive magnetic sensor, which could be applied for anomaly detection in the future. Monitoring the health of electromagnetic motors is very important to minimize losses due to failures. Detecting anomalies using the changes compared with the initial state is a possible solution, but there are issues such as a lack of training data for machine learning and the need to install multiple sensors. Therefore, an attempt was made to acquire the various operating states of a motor from magnetic signals using a single magnetic sensor capable of non-contact measurement. The relationships between the magnetic flux density from the motor and the other motor conditions were investigated. As a result, the magnetic spectrum was found to contain information on the rotor rotation frequency, torque, and output power. Therefore, the magnetic sensor can be applied to monitor a motor’s operating conditions, making it a useful tool for advanced data analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Sensors)
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16 pages, 9544 KiB  
Article
Electromagnetic Interference Effect of Portable Electronic Device with Satellite Communication to GPS Antenna
by Zhenyang Ma, Sijia Zhang, Zhaobin Duan and Yicheng Li
Sensors 2025, 25(14), 4438; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144438 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 264
Abstract
Recent technological advancements have resulted in the emergence of portable electronic devices (PEDs), including mobile phones equipped with satellite communication capabilities. These devices generally emit higher power, which can potentially cause electromagnetic interference to GPS antennas. This study uses both simulation and experimental [...] Read more.
Recent technological advancements have resulted in the emergence of portable electronic devices (PEDs), including mobile phones equipped with satellite communication capabilities. These devices generally emit higher power, which can potentially cause electromagnetic interference to GPS antennas. This study uses both simulation and experimental methods to evaluate the interference path loss (IPL) between PEDs located inside an A320 aircraft and an external GPS antenna. The effects of PED location, antenna polarization, and frequency bands on IPL were simulated and analyzed. Additionally, measurement experiments were conducted on an A320 aircraft, and statistical methods were used to compare the experimental data with the simulation results. Considering the front-door coupling of both spurious and intentional radiated emissions, the measured IPL is up to 15 ± 3 dB lower than the IPLtarget. This result should be interpreted with caution. This issue offers new insights into the potential risks of electromagnetic interference in aviation environments. The findings help quantify the probability of interference with GPS antennas. Furthermore, the modeling simplification method used in this study may be applicable to the analysis of other large and complex structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electronic Sensors)
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11 pages, 5556 KiB  
Article
Electromagnetic Analysis and Multi-Objective Design Optimization of a WFSM with Hybrid GOES-NOES Core
by Kyeong-Tae Yu, Hwi-Rang Ban, Seong-Won Kim, Jun-Beom Park, Jang-Young Choi and Kyung-Hun Shin
World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(7), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16070399 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 204
Abstract
This study presents a design and optimization methodology to enhance the power density and efficiency of wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) by selectively applying grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES). Unlike conventional non-grain-oriented electrical steel (NOES), GOES exhibits significantly lower core loss along its rolling [...] Read more.
This study presents a design and optimization methodology to enhance the power density and efficiency of wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) by selectively applying grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES). Unlike conventional non-grain-oriented electrical steel (NOES), GOES exhibits significantly lower core loss along its rolling direction, making it suitable for regions with predominantly alternating magnetic fields. Based on magnetic field analysis, four machine configurations were investigated, differing in the placement of GOES within stator and rotor teeth. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to compare electromagnetic performance across the configurations. Subsequently, a multi-objective optimization was conducted using Latin Hypercube Sampling, meta-modeling, and a genetic algorithm to maximize power density and efficiency while minimizing torque ripple. The optimized WFSM achieved a 13.97% increase in power density and a 1.0% improvement in efficiency compared to the baseline NOES model. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying GOES in rotating machines to reduce core loss and improve overall performance, offering a viable alternative to rare-earth permanent magnet machines in xEV applications. Full article
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15 pages, 4556 KiB  
Article
Vibration Suppression Algorithm for Electromechanical Equipment in Distributed Energy Supply Systems
by Huan Wang, Fangxu Han, Bo Zhang and Guilin Zhao
Energies 2025, 18(14), 3757; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18143757 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 233
Abstract
In recent years, distributed energy power supply systems have been widely used in remote areas and extreme environments. However, the intermittent and uncertain output power may cause power grid fluctuations, leading to higher harmonics in electromechanical equipment, especially motors. For permanent magnet synchronous [...] Read more.
In recent years, distributed energy power supply systems have been widely used in remote areas and extreme environments. However, the intermittent and uncertain output power may cause power grid fluctuations, leading to higher harmonics in electromechanical equipment, especially motors. For permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, an electromagnetic (EM) vibration can cause problems such as energy loss and mechanical wear. Therefore, it is necessary to design control algorithms that can effectively suppress EM vibration. To this end, a vibration suppression algorithm for fractional-slot permanent magnet synchronous motors based on a d-axis current injection is proposed in this paper. Firstly, this paper analyzes the radial electromagnetic force of the fractional-slot PMSM to identify the main source of EM vibration in fractional-slot PMSMs. Based on this, the intrinsic relationship between the EM vibration of fractional-slot PMSMs and the d-axis and q-axis currents is explored, and a method for calculating the d-axis current to suppress the vibration is proposed. Experimental verification shows that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress EM vibration. Full article
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