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Staff retention and functional teamwork are major challenges in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC), where leadership is increasingly viewed as a shared team-level process. This study investigates how team leadership (TL), conceptualised as the functions through which teams meet their needs, is enacted among Swedish ECEC staff and how it supports collaborative work under current policy conditions. Using a revised version of the Team Leadership Taxonomy. 122 ECEC professionals completed a survey with both quantitative items and open-ended responses. The results show patterns of strong strategic alignment, high awareness of pedagogical goals, and robust relational support within teams, but substantial variability in operational clarity, task distribution, problem-solving responsibility, and psychological safety. Participants described challenges linked to shifting team compositions, unequal pedagogical competence, and inconsistent organisational support from principals, which often constrained their ability to enact both positional and distributed leadership. Overall, the findings suggest that ECEC teams possess considerable capacity for collaborative leadership, yet uneven organisational conditions limit the consistency of TL functions. Strengthening role clarity, planning structures, and reflective routines may enhance team functioning and contribute to a more sustainable ECEC workforce. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strengths and Assets of the Early Childhood Workforce)

20 pages, 343 KB

Open AccessArticle

Rationalization of the Sacred: The Experiences of Alevi Dedes in Transmitting Their Beliefs and Values to Young People

by Ahmet Özalp and Emre Şimşir

Religions 2026, 17(4), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17040488 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

The main purpose of the current study is to investigate how the beliefs and values of Alevism are transmitted to young people in the city and to examine the problems that arise in the process, drawing on the daily life experiences and perspectives of Alevi dedes (religious guides). This study primarily examines the difficulties that dedes encounter in transmitting Alevi beliefs and values to young people in urban settings, as well as the innovative methods they develop to address these challenges. The present study used a phenomenological design to answer the research question. Furthermore, the interview technique was preferred to collect research data, and semi-structured interview questions were asked to dedes. Sixteen Alevi dedes residing in Eskişehir, Ankara, Afyon, and Kütahya provinces in Türkiye were selected as the study sample. The findings show that young people’s participation in cem ceremonies declines due to the city’s intense work pace, their desire to pursue education and careers, and their fear of exclusion. Despite these challenges, dedes strive to ease the conditions for participation in cem ceremonies and to shorten their duration, to transmit Alevi beliefs and values to young people, and to increase their participation in cem ceremonies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alevism: History, Religion, and Transformation)

15 pages, 1068 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of a Workplace Exercise Program on Stress, Burnout, and Quality of Life in Radiologic Technologists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Pedro Ramalho, António Nunes, Fernanda M. Silva, André Ramalho, Gonçalo Flores, Diogo Monteiro and Pedro Duarte-Mendes

Healthcare 2026, 14(8), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14081063 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Radiologic technologists are frequently exposed to occupational stressors that heighten the risk of burnout, compromising well-being and job performance. Workplace exercise programs have been identified as promising strategies to enhance physical and mental health across occupational groups; however, robust experimental evidence among radiologic technologists remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a structured workplace exercise program on perceived stress, burnout, and quality of life among radiologic technologists. Methods: A small-scale randomized controlled experimental study was conducted with 19 radiologic technologists from the Local Health Unit of Castelo Branco, Portugal. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 10, age mean = 43.8 ± 9.92 years old) or a control group (n = 9, age mean = 48.2 ± 7.86 years old). The intervention consisted of a six-week workplace exercise program conducted during work hours, comprising sessions three times per week, twice per day. Each session lasted approximately 15–20 min and included balance, stretching, and light resistance exercises. Outcomes were assessed pre- and post-intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the WHOQOL-BREF. Results: The experimental group showed significant reductions in perceived stress (p = 0.013, d = −0.697 (−1.6–0.206) [moderate]) and in personal (p = 0.004, d = −0.834 (−1.748–0.08) [moderate]) and work-related burnout (p = 0.026, d = −0.756 (−1.664–0.151) [moderate]), as well as improvements in the physical (p = 0.046, d = 0.592 (−0.303–1.488) [small]) and environmental (p = 0.032, d = 0.991 (0.062–1.92) [moderate]) domains of quality of life. No significant changes occurred in the control group. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that a brief, low-cost workplace exercise program may reduce stress and burnout and improve quality of life among radiologic technologists. These findings support the integration of structured physical activity into healthcare work settings as a feasible, preventive, and health-promoting strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Healthy Lifestyle and Well-Being Across the Lifespan: Second Edition)

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21 pages, 293 KB

Open AccessArticle

Association Between Nutritional Risk and Mental Health in Older Adults: Focusing on Depression and Cognitive Function

by Seohyeon Cho, Keon Woo and Yoonsoo Choy

Healthcare 2026, 14(8), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14081062 (registering DOI) - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background: In the context of global population aging, nutritional risk has emerged as an important factor associated with both physical and mental health among older adults. This study aimed to examine the associations between nutritional risk, depression, and cognitive function in older adults and to explore potential variations across residential area, educational attainment, employment status, frailty status, and activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: Data were obtained from 9955 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older who participated in the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans. Nutritional risk was assessed using the DETERMINE checklist (21-point scale), a multidimensional screening tool reflecting dietary, functional, and social risk factors. Depression was measured using the Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale (15-point scale), and cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination-2 (K-MMSE-2; 30-point scale). Hierarchical multiple linear regression, correlation, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were conducted, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and geriatric factors. Results: Correlation analyses showed significant associations between nutritional risk and cognitive function (r = −0.191, p < 0.05), nutritional risk and depression (r = 0.440, p < 0.05), and depression and cognitive function (r = −0.259, p < 0.05). Higher nutritional risk scores were significantly associated with greater depressive symptoms (B = 0.314, p < 0.001) and lower cognitive function (B = −0.051, p < 0.05). While some subgroup differences were observed, not all interaction effects reached statistical significance, and these findings should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions: These findings suggest that nutritional risk is associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function in older adults. Given that the DETERMINE checklist reflects multidimensional vulnerability, the results should be interpreted as indicating broader risk contexts rather than direct nutritional status alone. These findings highlight the importance of integrated, multidimensional approaches to support older adults at nutritional risk in community settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mental Health and Psychosocial Well-being)

21 pages, 326 KB

Open AccessArticle

Person-First or Disease-First? Language Choices in Cancer Communication

by Anna Tsiakiri, Konstantinos Tzanas, Despoina Chrisostomidou, Spyridon Plakias, Foteini Christidi, Christos Frantzidis, Nikolaos Aggelousis, Maria Lavdaniti and Evangeli Bista

Nurs. Rep. 2026, 16(4), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep16040143 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cancer-related terminology is not merely descriptive and plays a critical role in shaping emotional responses, personal identity, and communication across clinical, social, and public spheres. Despite growing interest in the psychosocial dimensions of illness language, few studies have centered the lived experiences of individuals navigating cancer through the lens of terminology. This study explores how people living with and beyond cancer perceive, interpret, and emotionally respond to cancer-related language, focusing on the way terminology influences identity, stigma, and communicative interaction. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods design was employed. The quantitative phase involved 146 participants with a cancer diagnosis completing a structured questionnaire on preferred terminology and emotional impact. The qualitative phase followed, using open-ended questionnaires with 11 participants to deepen understanding of linguistic experiences. Thematic content analysis was used to identify patterns across narratives. Results: These findings reveal that labels such as “cancer patient” evoke strong negative emotional reactions, associated with stigma, fear, and identity reduction. Person-first and context-sensitive language was perceived as more respectful and empowering. Emotional responses to language varied widely, from fear to neutrality, shaped by speaker role, context, and time since diagnosis. Media representations were often seen as dramatizing or moralizing, reinforcing the need for communicative clarity, empathy, and education in both clinical and public discourse. Conclusions: Cancer-related language is a powerful psychosocial force. It shapes how individuals are seen and see themselves and can either reinforce stigma or foster dignity and resilience. This study highlights the urgent need for person-centered, context-aware communication practices across healthcare, media, and society. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nursing Care for Cancer Patients)

28 pages, 691 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Emotional Intelligence-Based Interventions in Individuals with ADHD: Systematic Review

by Sandro Gabrieli, Faustino Andrés-Pérez, Lluna Maria Bru-Luna and Manuel Martí-Vilar

Children 2026, 13(4), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/children13040557 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, compounded by difficulties in emotional regulation, which have sparked growing interest due to their relationship with emotional intelligence (EI). Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and characteristics of interventions aimed at developing EI in people diagnosed with ADHD. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, ERIC, and SpringerLink databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluating methodological quality, 31 studies were selected. Results: The evidence shows that children and adolescents with ADHD have lower levels of EI than the typically developing population, especially in emotional regulation, stress management, adaptability, and interpersonal skills. Interventions focused on emotional training have demonstrated improvements in emotional competencies, self-control, ADHD symptoms, and social functioning. However, variations are observed according to age, clinical subtype, the presence of comorbidities, and the type of informant, as well as heterogeneity in the assessment instruments used. Conclusions: Strengthening EI emerges as a promising complementary strategy for improving the emotional and social adaptation of people with ADHD. It is recommended to move toward longitudinal studies and more personalized interventions tailored to the clinical and developmental characteristics of the disorder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addressing Challenges in Child Mental Health Research and Strategies for Comprehensive Development (2nd Edition))

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22 pages, 1350 KB

Open AccessReview

Effect of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis-Part II: Specific Performance Indicators

by Artur Terbalyan, Karol Skotniczny, Marcin Żak, Jakub Jarosz and Robert Roczniok

J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2026, 11(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk11020157 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Objectives: Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) has been explored for its potential to improve performance in combat sports. This part II of the systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the acute effects of PAPE protocols on sport-specific performance outcomes and evaluated the influence of moderating variables, specifically competitive level and training experience. Methods: A PRISMA-guided search (2010–2024) identified 13 studies examining PAPE in combat sports athletes. Inclusion criteria required human trials using defined PAPE protocols and evaluating sport-specific tests, primarily the Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT-10) and the Taekwondo-Specific Agility Test (TSAT). A random-effects meta-analysis (Hedges’ g) was conducted on data from 176 athletes. Results: The meta-analysis revealed a profound moderating effect of training status on PAPE responsiveness. For the FSKT-10, amateur athletes demonstrated large, significant improvements (g = 1.28, p < 0.001), whereas elite athletes showed trivial, non-significant changes (g = 0.11, p = 0.357). Similarly, athletes with <6 years of training experience exhibited substantially larger enhancements in both FSKT-10 (g = 1.60) and TSAT agility (g = −1.64) compared to their more experienced (>6 years) counterparts (g = 0.42 and g = −0.65, respectively). Furthermore, dynamic and biomechanically specific conditioning activities (e.g., repeated high-intensity techniques) were most effective at driving sport-specific potentiation. Conclusions: PAPE protocols may enhance acute sport-specific performance when utilizing dynamic, highly specific conditioning activities. However, a possible “ceiling effect” may blunt this potentiation in elite and highly experienced athletes, suggesting a potential need for highly individualized priming strategies at the top competitive levels, specifically in taekwondo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strength Training and Performance Enhancement in Athletes, 3rd Edition)

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13 pages, 417 KB

Open AccessArticle

When Policy Meets Practice: Medical Residents and the Governance of Smartphone Use for Communication in Clinical Settings

by Neil G. Barr and Glen E. Randall

Healthcare 2026, 14(8), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14081061 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The use of personal smartphones by healthcare professionals in clinical settings has become a growing area of concern as practice may not consistently align with policy guidance. This study enhances our understanding of how and why medical residents are using smartphones to communicate patient healthcare information with other physicians in daily practice and provides insights into the role that institutional governance, policies, and structures play in the use of smartphones. Methods: This study used qualitative techniques to examine medical residents’ use of smartphones to communicate healthcare-related information with colleagues. Additionally, a neo-institutional theory lens was applied to assess the role that regulative (guidelines/policies), normative (what peers/staff are doing), and cultural-cognitive (beliefs/perceptions) factors play in smartphone use by medical residents. Results: The results suggest that behaviour related to smartphone use is based primarily on normative and cultural-cognitive factors rather than regulative factors. Regulative elements around smartphone use play a smaller role in shaping behaviour, particularly when they: (1) lack clarity; (2) are not seen as credible/legitimate; or (3) are viewed as cumbersome and do not align with workflow needs. Conclusions: The implementation of future guidelines/policies should consider the use of mentorships throughout postgraduate medical training whereby staff physicians educate, model, and promote behaviour in accordance with the associated policies/guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Digital Health Technologies)

30 pages, 521 KB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosocial and Social Security Risks Linked to Vaccine Misinformation in Romania: Implications for Vaccination Acceptance and Public Policy

by Flavius Cristian Mărcău, Cătălin Peptan, Olivia-Roxana Alecsoiu, Marian Emanuel Cojoaca, Alina Magdalena Musetescu, Genu Alexandru Căruntu, Alina Georgiana Holt, Lorena Duduială Popescu, Costina Sfinteș and Victor Gheorman

Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(4), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16040595 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

This study examines the influence of misinformation on vaccination decision-making and the perception of social security in Romania in the context of potential future pandemics. Using a survey-based design, data were collected through an online questionnaire administered to a sample of 1005 respondents. The analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including chi-square tests, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis tests, principal component analysis (PCA), K-means clustering, random forest models, and Spearman correlations. The results indicate statistically significant associations between belief in misinformation and vaccination attitudes (p < 0.001), with moderate effect sizes. Effect size estimates indicated small-to-moderate associations (e.g., Cramér’s V up to 0.371 for key demographic differences, and Kendall’s W = 0.273 for the increase in willingness across the three severity scenarios). Individuals with higher levels of education, urban residence, and younger age were more likely to report higher willingness to vaccinate, whereas respondents from rural areas and those with lower educational levels showed greater susceptibility to misinformation. In addition, risk perception was significantly associated with vaccination intention, which increased as the severity of hypothetical pandemic scenarios intensified. Predictive modeling identified specific misinformation beliefs—particularly those related to vaccine safety and natural immunity—as key factors associated with vaccination decisions. These findings suggest that misinformation is strongly associated with both individual vaccination behavior and broader perceptions of social security. Full article

19 pages, 978 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Question at the Heart of Assessment in Higher Education: Are We Assessing for Competency Acquisition?

by María José Bolarín Martínez, Claudia González López and Abraham Bernárdez-Gómez

Trends High. Educ. 2026, 5(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu5020034 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

European universities are increasingly adopting competency-based education to enhance transfer between academic and professional contexts, demanding assessment systems aligned with classroom practices. This study explores what is assessed in three Spanish universities. Spain constitutes a particularly relevant case: its course guides are legally binding contracts subject to external audit by the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA), ensuring exceptional standardization. A theory-driven documentary analysis examined 7810 teaching guides from all degree programs, with coding supported by ATLAS.ti software applied to these documents, which represent statements of intent by faculty members. The findings reveal notable discrepancies: competencies were rarely the central focus of assessment, and evaluation appeared fragmented, overlooking the integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. These gaps raise concerns about the innovative dimension of competency-based models. The study concludes that institutional assessment schemes should promote holistic education, ensuring students develop collaborative and cross-disciplinary capacities essential for professional environments. Full article

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30 pages, 12017 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Integrated Framework for Interactive and Inclusive Asynchronous Online Learning at Scale: Data Literacy in Higher Education

by Yalemisew Abgaz

Educ. Sci. 2026, 16(4), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci16040639 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Online asynchronous learning offers considerable flexibility but frequently faces challenges in sustaining engagement, interactivity, and inclusivity across diverse learner populations. This study introduces the OPTIMAL framework—an Online, Pedagogy- and Technology-Integrated, Microcurricula Approach for interactive and inclusive Learning—synthesising universal design for learning, active learning, and constructive alignment with technology integration frameworks (TPACK and PICRAT), operationalised through a microcurricula-as-a-service architecture. A three-year longitudinal case study (2022/23 to 2024/25) examined the application of the framework to a data literacy and analytics module serving over 5000 students across more than 15 programs and five faculties at Dublin City University. The module design constructively aligned learning outcomes, content, and technology at three levels to support multiple learning pathways, formative assessment, and transdisciplinary engagement, deliberately fostering transformative uses of technology in a fully asynchronous environment. Mixed-methods evaluation—combining learning analytics, surveys (n = 1743), and qualitative feedback—demonstrated sustained positive outcomes across all three years, including 95–99% completion rates, consistently high satisfaction, and longitudinal gains in engagement and pass rates. These findings demonstrate how the deliberate integration of pedagogical theory, technological frameworks, and modular curriculum architecture can deliver scalable, inclusive, and high-engagement online education, offering both a transferable, evidence-based model for educators and curriculum designers and longitudinal empirical validation for researchers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Technology Enhanced Education)

11 pages, 595 KB

Open AccessArticle

Social Health Programming During Adolescence Is Associated with Increased Serum Levels of Carotenoids, Vitamin A, and Vitamin E in Young Women: An Observational Cohort Study

by Rebecca Drakowski, Matthew VanOrmer, Laura Ebers, Katie Mayhan, Anum Akbar, Colman Freel, Taija Hahka, Rebekah A. S. Rapoza, Corrine Hanson, Keyonna M. King, Aaryn Mustoe, Melissa K. Thoene and Ann L. Anderson-Berry

Antioxidants 2026, 15(4), 498; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15040498 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Over 85% of young women in the United States do not meet fruit and vegetable intake recommendations, placing them at risk for low antioxidant nutrient intake. Social health programming (SHP) can improve dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, but it is not known how SHP impacts serum levels of specific antioxidant nutrients. This observational cohort study assessed the effect of participation in SHP through Girls Inc., Omaha, on serum carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol levels for 12–29-year-old women. Serum nutrient levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and nutrient intake from diet was measured using three 24 h dietary recalls (ASA24^®). Pearson chi-squared tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and linear regressions were used to compare differences in nutritional status between SHP participants and non-participants. After adjustment for age and race/ethnicity, SHP participation was associated with significantly higher serum concentrations of total lycopene, δ-tocopherol, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, and α-carotene. There were no between-group differences in average daily intake of carotenoids, vitamin A, or vitamin E after adjustment for race/ethnicity and age. These findings suggest that SHP may be a successful intervention to improve antioxidant nutritional status. Full article

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15 pages, 1032 KB

Open AccessArticle

Neuromuscular Activation Patterns in Response to Windlass Stimulation and Biofeedback: A Surface EMG Study

by Laura Carrasco-Fernández, Álvaro Gómez-del Pino, Manuel García-Sillero, Pablo González-Cañizares, Jerónimo García-Romero, María Teresa Tomás and Javier Benítez-Porres

Sports 2026, 14(4), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports14040158 - 16 Apr 2026

Abstract

Background: Handball involves unilateral, high-demand actions that increase injury risk. The Windlass mechanism (WM) is a position-dependent plantar fascia tensioning system, activated by dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which increases medial longitudinal arch stiffness and contributes to foot stability. WM activation can be mechanically simulated using hallux wedges to induce controlled dorsiflexion, allowing graded engagement of the mechanism under standardized conditions. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how different wedge inclinations, with and without visual biofeedback, affect foot muscle activity during squats in elite female handball players. Methods: Seventeen elite female handball players performed squats at 65% of one-repetition maximum under six conditions combining three wedge inclinations (0°, 10°, 30°) with the presence or absence of visual biofeedback. Electromyographic activity (RMS and %MVC) of intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles was recorded. Results: A significant increase in left abductor hallucis activation with the 10° wedge without biofeedback. Visual biofeedback significantly increased RMS and %MVC in intrinsic foot muscles and increased RMS in the left gastrocnemius (p < 0.05). No significant interaction was observed between wedge inclination and biofeedback. Conclusions: Controlled activation of the WM via hallux wedges and the use of visual biofeedback modulate foot muscle activity during squats. These strategies may be considered in training programs aimed at improving foot stability and reducing injury risk in elite female handball players. Full article

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