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26 pages, 1062 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Audit of University Websites in Poland: Analysing Carbon Footprint and Sustainable Design Conformity
by Karol Król
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8666; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158666 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
With the advance of digital transformation, the assessment of the environmental impact of digital tools and technologies grows more relevant. Considering the inflated expectations of environmental responsibility in higher education, this study analyses how websites of Polish universities conform to sustainable web design [...] Read more.
With the advance of digital transformation, the assessment of the environmental impact of digital tools and technologies grows more relevant. Considering the inflated expectations of environmental responsibility in higher education, this study analyses how websites of Polish universities conform to sustainable web design criteria. The sustainability audit employed a methodology encompassing carbon emissions measurement, technical website analysis, and SEO evaluation. The author analysed 63 websites of public universities in Poland using seven independent audit tools, including an original AI Custom GPT agent preconfigured in the ChatGPT ecosystem. The results revealed a substantial differentiation in CO2 emissions and website optimisation, with an average EcoImpact Score of 66.41/100. Nearly every fourth website exhibited a significant carbon footprint and excessive component sizes, which indicates poor asset optimisation and energy-intensive design techniques. The measurements exposed considerable variability in emission intensities and resource intensity among the university websites, suggesting the need for standardised digital sustainability practices. Regulations on the carbon footprint of public institutions’ websites and mobile applications could become vital strategic components for digital climate neutrality. Promoting green hosting, “Green SEO” practices, and sustainability audits could help mitigate the environmental impact of digital technologies and advance sustainable design standards for the public sector. The proposed auditing methodology can effectively support the institutional transition towards sustainable management of digital infrastructure by integrating technical, sustainability, and organisational aspects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
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28 pages, 2743 KiB  
Article
Unlocking Synergies: How Digital Infrastructure Reshapes the Pollution-Carbon Reduction Nexus at the Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities
by Zhe Ji, Yuqi Chang and Fengxiu Zhou
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7066; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157066 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
In the context of global climate governance and the green transition, digital infrastructure serves as a critical enabler of resource allocation in the digital economy, offering strategic value in tackling synergistic pollution and carbon reduction challenges. Using panel data from 280 prefecture-level cities, [...] Read more.
In the context of global climate governance and the green transition, digital infrastructure serves as a critical enabler of resource allocation in the digital economy, offering strategic value in tackling synergistic pollution and carbon reduction challenges. Using panel data from 280 prefecture-level cities, this study employs a multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) approach, leveraging smart city pilot policies as a quasinatural experiment, to assess how digital infrastructure affects urban synergistic pollution-carbon mitigation (SPCM). The empirical results show that digital infrastructure increases the urban SPCM index by 1.5%, indicating statistically significant effects. Compared with energy and income effects, digital infrastructure can influence this synergistic effect through indirect channels such as the energy effect, economic agglomeration effect, and income effect, with the economic agglomeration effect accounting for a larger share of the total effect. Additionally, fixed-asset investment has a nonlinear moderating effect on this relationship, with diminishing marginal returns on emission reduction when investment exceeds a threshold. Heterogeneity tests reveal greater impacts in eastern, nonresource-based, and environmentally regulated cities. This study expands the theory of collaborative environmental governance from the perspective of new infrastructure, providing a theoretical foundation for establishing a long-term digital technology-driven mechanism for SPCM. Full article
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14 pages, 5995 KiB  
Article
Integrated Remote Sensing Evaluation of Grassland Degradation Using Multi-Criteria GDCI in Ili Prefecture, Xinjiang, China
by Liwei Xing, Dongyan Jin, Chen Shen, Mengshuai Zhu and Jianzhai Wu
Land 2025, 14(8), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14081592 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
As an important ecological barrier and animal husbandry resource base in arid and semi-arid areas, grassland degradation directly affects regional ecological security and sustainable development. Ili Prefecture is located in the western part of Xinjiang, China, and is a typical grassland resource-rich area. [...] Read more.
As an important ecological barrier and animal husbandry resource base in arid and semi-arid areas, grassland degradation directly affects regional ecological security and sustainable development. Ili Prefecture is located in the western part of Xinjiang, China, and is a typical grassland resource-rich area. However, in recent years, driven by climate change and human activities, grassland degradation has become increasingly serious. In view of the lack of comprehensive evaluation indicators and the inconsistency of grassland evaluation grade standards in remote sensing monitoring of grassland resource degradation, this study takes the current situation of grassland degradation in Ili Prefecture in the past 20 years as the research object and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system covering three criteria layers of vegetation characteristics, environmental characteristics, and utilization characteristics. Net primary productivity (NPP), vegetation coverage, temperature, precipitation, soil erosion modulus, and grazing intensity were selected as multi-source indicators. Combined with data sources such as remote sensing inversion, sample survey, meteorological data, and farmer survey, the factor weight coefficient was determined by analytic hierarchy process. The Grassland Degeneration Comprehensive Index (GDCI) model was constructed to carry out remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of grassland degradation in Yili Prefecture. With reference to the classification threshold of the national standard for grassland degradation, the GDCI grassland degradation evaluation grade threshold (GDCI reduction rate) was determined by the method of weighted average of coefficients: non-degradation (0–10%), mild degradation (10–20%), moderate degradation (20–37.66%) and severe degradation (more than 37.66%). According to the results, between 2000 and 2022, non-degraded grasslands in Ili Prefecture covered an area of 27,200 km2, representing 90.19% of the total grassland area. Slight, moderate, and severe degradation accounted for 4.34%, 3.33%, and 2.15%, respectively. Moderately and severely degraded areas are primarily distributed in agro-pastoral transition zones and economically developed urban regions, respectively. The results revealed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of grassland degradation in Yili Prefecture and provided data basis and technical support for regional grassland resource management, degradation prevention and control and ecological restoration. Full article
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28 pages, 3909 KiB  
Article
Exploring How Climate Change Scenarios Shape the Future of Alboran Sea Fisheries
by Isabella Uzategui, Susana Garcia-Tiscar and Paloma Alcorlo
Water 2025, 17(15), 2313; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152313 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Climate change is disrupting marine ecosystems, necessitating a deeper understanding of environmental and fishing-related impacts on exploited species. This study examines the effects of physical factors (temperature, thermal anomalies, salinity, seabed conditions), biogeochemical elements (pH, oxygen levels, nutrients, primary production), and fishing pressure [...] Read more.
Climate change is disrupting marine ecosystems, necessitating a deeper understanding of environmental and fishing-related impacts on exploited species. This study examines the effects of physical factors (temperature, thermal anomalies, salinity, seabed conditions), biogeochemical elements (pH, oxygen levels, nutrients, primary production), and fishing pressure on the biomass of commercially important species in the Alboran Sea from 1999 to 2022. Data were sourced from the Copernicus observational program, focusing on the geographical sub-area 1 (GSA-1) zone across three depth ranges. Generalized Additive Models were applied for analysis. Rising temperatures and seasonal anomalies have largely negative effects, disrupting species’ physiological balance. Changes in water quality, including improved nutrient and oxygen concentrations, have yielded complex ecological responses. Fishing indices highlight the vulnerability of small pelagic fish to climate change and overfishing, underscoring their economic and ecological significance. These findings stress the urgent need for ecosystem-based management strategies that integrate climate change impacts to ensure sustainable marine resource management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems)
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37 pages, 3005 KiB  
Review
Printed Sensors for Environmental Monitoring: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions
by Amal M. Al-Amri
Chemosensors 2025, 13(8), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13080285 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Environmental monitoring plays a key role in understanding and mitigating the effects of climate change, pollution, and resource mismanagement. The growth of printed sensor technologies offers an innovative approach to addressing these challenges due to their low cost, flexibility, and scalability. Printed sensors [...] Read more.
Environmental monitoring plays a key role in understanding and mitigating the effects of climate change, pollution, and resource mismanagement. The growth of printed sensor technologies offers an innovative approach to addressing these challenges due to their low cost, flexibility, and scalability. Printed sensors enable the real-time monitoring of air, water, soil, and climate, providing significant data for data-driven decision-making technologies and policy development to improve the quality of the environment. The development of new materials, such as graphene, conductive polymers, and biodegradable substrates, has significantly enhanced the environmental applications of printed sensors by improving sensitivity, enabling flexible designs, and supporting eco-friendly and disposable solutions. The development of inkjet, screen, and roll-to-roll printing technologies has also contributed to the achievement of mass production without sacrificing quality or performance. This review presents the current progress in printed sensors for environmental applications, with a focus on technological advances, challenges, applications, and future directions. Moreover, the paper also discusses the challenges that still exist due to several issues, e.g., sensitivity, stability, power supply, and environmental sustainability. Printed sensors have the potential to revolutionize ecological monitoring, as evidenced by recent innovations such as Internet of Things (IoT) integration, self-powered designs, and AI-enhanced data analytics. By addressing these issues, printed sensors can develop a better understanding of environmental systems and help promote the UN sustainable development goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrochemical Devices and Sensors)
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22 pages, 2179 KiB  
Article
Conversion of Oil Palm Kernel Shell Wastes into Active Biocarbons by N2 Pyrolysis and CO2 Activation
by Aik Chong Lua
Clean Technol. 2025, 7(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol7030066 - 4 Aug 2025
Abstract
Oil palm kernel shell is an abundant agricultural waste generated by the palm oil industry. To achieve sustainable use of this waste, oil palm kernel shells were converted into valuable resources as active biocarbons. A two-stage preparation method involving N2 pyrolysis, followed [...] Read more.
Oil palm kernel shell is an abundant agricultural waste generated by the palm oil industry. To achieve sustainable use of this waste, oil palm kernel shells were converted into valuable resources as active biocarbons. A two-stage preparation method involving N2 pyrolysis, followed by CO2 activation, was used to produce the active biocarbon. The optimum pyrolysis conditions that produced the largest BET surface area of 519.1 m2/g were a temperature of 600 °C, a hold time of 2 h, a nitrogen flow rate of 150 cm3/min, and a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The optimum activation conditions to prepare the active biocarbon with the largest micropore surface area or the best micropore/BET surface area combination were a temperature of 950 °C, a CO2 flow rate of 300 cm3/min, a heating rate of 10 °C/min, and a hold time of 3 h, yielding BET and micropore surface areas of 1232.3 and 941.0 m2/g, respectively, and consisting of 76.36% of micropores for the experimental optimisation technique adopted here. This study underscores the importance of optimising both the pyrolysis and activation conditions to produce an active biocarbon with a maximum micropore surface area for gaseous adsorption applications, especially to capture CO2 greenhouse gas, to mitigate global warming and climate change. Such a comprehensive and detailed study on the conversion of oil palm kernel shell into active biocarbon is lacking in the open literature. The research results provide a practical blueprint on the process parameters and technical know-how for the industrial production of highly microporous active biocarbons prepared from oil palm kernel shells. Full article
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14 pages, 11645 KiB  
Article
Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in the Water Source Area of the West Route of the South–North Water Diversion Project
by Zhimin Du, Bo Li, Bingfei Yan, Fei Xing, Shuhu Xiao, Xiaohe Xu, Yakun Yuan and Yongzhi Liu
Water 2025, 17(15), 2305; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152305 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 68
Abstract
To ensure water source security and sustainability of the national major strategic project “South-to-North Water Diversion”, this study aims to evaluate the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecosystem service value (ESV) in its water source area from 2002 to 2022. This study reveals [...] Read more.
To ensure water source security and sustainability of the national major strategic project “South-to-North Water Diversion”, this study aims to evaluate the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecosystem service value (ESV) in its water source area from 2002 to 2022. This study reveals its changing trends and main influencing factors, and thereby provides scientific support for the ecological protection and management of the water source area. Quantitative assessment of the ESV of the region was carried out using the Equivalence Factor Method (EFM), aiming to provide scientific support for ecological protection and resource management decision-making. In the past 20 years, the ESV has shown an upward trend year by year, increasing by 96%. The regions with the highest ESV were Garzê Prefecture and Aba Prefecture, which increased by 130.3% and 60.6%, respectively. The ESV of Xinlong county, Danba county, Rangtang county, and Daofu county increased 4.8 times, 1.5 times, 12.5 times, and 8.9 times, respectively. In the last two decades, arable land has decreased by 91%, while the proportions of bare land and water have decreased by 84% and 91%, respectively. Grassland had the largest proportion. Forests and grasslands, vital for climate regulation, water cycle management, and biodiversity conservation, have expanded by 74% and 43%, respectively. It can be seen from Moran’s I index values that the dataset as a whole showed a slight positive spatial autocorrelation, which increased from −0.041396 to 0.046377. This study reveals the changing trends in ESV and the main influencing factors, and thereby provides scientific support for the ecological protection and management of the water source area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Watershed Ecohydrology and Water Quality Modeling)
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19 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
How to Support Synergic Action for Transformation: Insights from Expert Practitioners and the Importance of Intentionality
by Eugyen Suzanne Om, Ioan Fazey, David Tyfield, Lee Eyre, Mick Cooper, Esther Carmen, Declan Jackson, James Fearnley, Luea Ritter, Rebecca Newman and Stefan Cousquer
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7043; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157043 - 3 Aug 2025
Viewed by 79
Abstract
A global poly-crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, dwindling natural resources, geopolitical instability, among other complex challenges, is on the rise. Societal transformations are therefore imminent, whether intended or unintended. The key question is how to steward and facilitate such changes where fragmentation [...] Read more.
A global poly-crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, dwindling natural resources, geopolitical instability, among other complex challenges, is on the rise. Societal transformations are therefore imminent, whether intended or unintended. The key question is how to steward and facilitate such changes where fragmentation and siloed ways of working persist. The concept of synergies and the notion of synergic action could help overcome fragmented efforts to steer transformative changes. However, there exists a critical research gap in understanding the conditions needed to enable synergic action. This paper thus explores how synergic action is currently undertaken and the key essentials needed to deliver synergic action. The study uses a case study of the Yorkshire food system transformation to learn from its exemplar practitioners. The study used semi-structured interviews and a thematic analysis process to reach our two key findings. First, we highlight the three types of synergic action: (1) Non-systemic synergic action, (2) Non-systemic synergic action with multiple outcomes, and (3) Systemic synergic action. Differentiating types of synergic action can help identify where synergic action is already underway and guide more explicit efforts towards transformative change. The second key finding is the five essentials for synergic action, which are (1) leadership for synergic action; (2) networking, partnerships, and collaborations; (3) care and understanding; (4) a systems approach; and (5) intentionality for synergic action. This study brings to the fore the importance of intentionality, without which the first four essentials are less likely to coalesce. This is important to inform the reflection and learning of practitioners of systemic change about how they are currently and could be working more synergistically in the future, driven by clear intentionality. Full article
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18 pages, 3354 KiB  
Article
Hydrological Modeling of the Chikugo River Basin Using SWAT: Insights into Water Balance and Seasonal Variability
by Francis Jhun Macalam, Kunyang Wang, Shin-ichi Onodera, Mitsuyo Saito, Yuko Nagano, Masatoshi Yamazaki and Yu War Nang
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 7027; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17157027 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 212
Abstract
Integrated hydrological modeling plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable water resource management, particularly in regions facing seasonal and extreme precipitation events. However, comprehensive studies that assess hydrological variability in temperate river basins remain limited. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the [...] Read more.
Integrated hydrological modeling plays a crucial role in advancing sustainable water resource management, particularly in regions facing seasonal and extreme precipitation events. However, comprehensive studies that assess hydrological variability in temperate river basins remain limited. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the performance of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in simulating streamflow, water balance, and seasonal hydrological dynamics in the Chikugo River Basin, Kyushu Island, Japan. The basin, originating from Mount Aso and draining into the Ariake Sea, is subject to frequent typhoons and intense rainfall, making it a critical case for sustainable water governance. Using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) approach, we calibrated the SWAT model over the period 2007–2021. Water balance analysis revealed that baseflow plays dominant roles in basin hydrology which is essential for agricultural and domestic water needs by providing a stable groundwater contribution despite increasing precipitation and varying water demand. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of hydrological behavior in temperate catchments and offer a scientific foundation for sustainable water allocation, planning, and climate resilience strategies. Full article
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17 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Rubberized Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavements: A Cradle-to-Gate Plus Maintenance Approach
by Ana María Rodríguez-Alloza and Daniel Garraín
Coatings 2025, 15(8), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080899 (registering DOI) - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 173
Abstract
In response to the escalating climate crisis, reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) has become a top priority for both the public and private sectors. The pavement industry plays a key role in this transition, offering innovative technologies that minimize environmental impacts without compromising [...] Read more.
In response to the escalating climate crisis, reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) has become a top priority for both the public and private sectors. The pavement industry plays a key role in this transition, offering innovative technologies that minimize environmental impacts without compromising performance. Among these, the incorporation of recycled tire rubber and warm-mix asphalt (WMA) additives represents a promising strategy to reduce energy consumption and resource depletion in road construction. This study conducts a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of an asphalt pavement incorporating recycled rubber and a WMA additive—referred to as R-W asphalt—against a conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement. The analysis follows the ISO 14040/44 standards, covering material production, transport, construction, and maintenance. Two service-life scenarios are considered: one assuming equivalent durability and another with a five-year extension for the R-W pavement. The results demonstrate environmental impact reductions of up to 57%, with average savings ranging from 32% to 52% across key impact categories such as climate change, land use, and resource use. These benefits are primarily attributed to lower production temperatures and extended maintenance intervals. The findings underscore the potential of R-W asphalt as a cleaner engineering solution aligned with circular economy principles and climate mitigation goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Protection of Pavements: New Perspectives and Applications)
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5 pages, 178 KiB  
Editorial
Biowaste to Energy and Value-Added Products—Challenges and Opportunities
by Marcin Dębowski, Marcin Zieliński and Joanna Kazimierowicz
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4095; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154095 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 149
Abstract
In the face of accelerating climate change, increasing urbanisation and the progressive depletion of non-renewable energy and raw material resources, there is growing pressure worldwide to develop innovative, low-emission technologies for the recovery and processing of biowaste [...] Full article
20 pages, 7986 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Gender-Climate Nexus: Strengthening Women’s Roles in Adaptation and Mitigation in the Sidi Bouzid Region
by Houda Mazhoud, Arij Boucif, Abir Ouhibi, Lobna Hajji-Hedfi and Fraj Chemak
Climate 2025, 13(8), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13080164 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 193
Abstract
Tunisia faces significant challenges related to climate change, which deeply affect its natural and agricultural resources. This reality threatens not only food security but also the economic stability of rural communities and mainly rural women. This research aims to assess the impact of [...] Read more.
Tunisia faces significant challenges related to climate change, which deeply affect its natural and agricultural resources. This reality threatens not only food security but also the economic stability of rural communities and mainly rural women. This research aims to assess the impact of climate change on rural women in the agricultural development group in Sidi Bouzid, focusing on the strategies adopted and the support provided by various stakeholders to mitigate this impact. To achieve this, we developed a rigorous methodology that includes structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and topological analysis through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). The results revealed that rural women were categorized into three groups based on their vulnerability to climate change: severely vulnerable, vulnerable, and adaptive. The findings highlighted the significant impact of climate change on water resources, which has increased family tensions and reduced agricultural incomes, making daily life more challenging for rural women. Furthermore, a deeper analysis of interactions with external stakeholders emphasized the important role of civil society, public organizations, and research institutions in strengthening the climate resilience of rural women. Given these findings, strategic recommendations aim to enhance stakeholder coordination, expand partnerships, and improve access to essential technologies and resources for women in agricultural development groups. Full article
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23 pages, 4456 KiB  
Article
Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Recharge and Storage Using MODFLOW in the Akhangaran River Alluvial Aquifer, Eastern Uzbekistan
by Azam Kadirkhodjaev, Dmitriy Andreev, Botir Akramov, Botirjon Abdullaev, Zilola Abdujalilova, Zulkhumar Umarova, Dilfuza Nazipova, Izzatullo Ruzimov, Shakhriyor Toshev, Erkin Anorboev, Nodirjon Rakhimov, Farrukh Mamirov, Inessa Gracheva and Samrit Luoma
Water 2025, 17(15), 2291; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152291 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
A shallow quaternary sedimentary aquifer within the river alluvial deposits of eastern Uzbekistan is increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities. Despite its essential role in supplying water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes, the aquifer system remains poorly [...] Read more.
A shallow quaternary sedimentary aquifer within the river alluvial deposits of eastern Uzbekistan is increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities. Despite its essential role in supplying water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes, the aquifer system remains poorly understood. This study employed a three-dimensional MODFLOW-based groundwater flow model to assess climate change impacts on water budget components under the SSP5-8.5 scenario for 2020–2099. Model calibration yielded RMSE values between 0.25 and 0.51 m, indicating satisfactory performance. Simulations revealed that lateral inflows from upstream and side-valley alluvial deposits contribute over 84% of total inflow, while direct recharge from precipitation (averaging 120 mm/year, 24.7% of annual rainfall) and riverbed leakage together account for only 11.4%. Recharge occurs predominantly from November to April, with no recharge from June to August. Under future scenarios, winter recharge may increase by up to 22.7%, while summer recharge could decline by up to 100%. Groundwater storage is projected to decrease by 7.3% to 58.3% compared to 2010–2020, indicating the aquifer’s vulnerability to prolonged dry periods. These findings emphasize the urgent need for adaptive water management strategies and long-term monitoring to ensure sustainable groundwater use under changing climate conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Change Uncertainties in Integrated Water Resources Management)
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32 pages, 3202 KiB  
Article
An Integrated Framework for Urban Water Infrastructure Planning and Management: A Case Study for Gauteng Province, South Africa
by Khathutshelo Godfrey Maumela, Tebello Ntsiki Don Mathaba and Mahalieo Kao
Water 2025, 17(15), 2290; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152290 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 217
Abstract
Effective water infrastructure planning and management is key to sustainable water supply globally. This research assesses water infrastructure planning and management in Gauteng, South Africa, amid growing challenges from rapid urbanisation, high water demand, climate change, and resource scarcity. These challenges threaten the [...] Read more.
Effective water infrastructure planning and management is key to sustainable water supply globally. This research assesses water infrastructure planning and management in Gauteng, South Africa, amid growing challenges from rapid urbanisation, high water demand, climate change, and resource scarcity. These challenges threaten the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11; hence, an integrated approach is required for water sustainability. The study responds to a gap in the literature, which often treats planning and management separately, by adopting an integrated, multi-institutional approach across the water value chain. A mixed-methods triangulation strategy was employed for data collection whereby surveys provided quantitative data, while two sets of structured interviews were conducted: the first round to determine causal relationships among the critical success factors and the second round to validate the proposed framework. The findings reveal a misalignment between infrastructure planning and implementation, contributing to infrastructure backlogs and a short- to medium-term focus. Infrastructure management is further constrained by inadequate system redundancy, leading to ineffective maintenance. External factors such as delayed adoption of 4IR technologies, lack of climate resilient strategies, and fragmented institutional coordination exacerbate these issues. Using Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis, the study identified Strategic Alignment and a Value-Driven Approach as the most influential critical success factors in water asset management. The research concludes by proposing an integrated water infrastructure and planning framework that supports sustainable water supply. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Urban Water Management)
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20 pages, 621 KiB  
Article
Support Needs of Agrarian Women to Build Household Livelihood Resilience: A Case Study of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam
by Tran T. N. Tran, Tanh T. N. Nguyen, Elizabeth C. Ashton and Sharon M. Aka
Climate 2025, 13(8), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/cli13080163 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 189
Abstract
Agrarian women are at the forefront of rural livelihoods increasingly affected by the frequency and severity of climate change impacts. However, their household livelihood resilience (HLR) remains limited due to gender-blind policies, scarce sex-disaggregated data, and inadequate consideration of gender-specific needs in resilience-building [...] Read more.
Agrarian women are at the forefront of rural livelihoods increasingly affected by the frequency and severity of climate change impacts. However, their household livelihood resilience (HLR) remains limited due to gender-blind policies, scarce sex-disaggregated data, and inadequate consideration of gender-specific needs in resilience-building efforts. Grounded in participatory feminist research, this study employed a multi-method qualitative approach, including semi-structured interviews and oral history narratives, with 60 women in two climate-vulnerable provinces. Data were analyzed through thematic coding, CATWOE (Customers, Actors, Transformation, Worldview, Owners, Environmental Constraints) analysis, and descriptive statistics. The findings identify nine major climate-related events disrupting livelihoods and reveal a limited understanding of HLR as a long-term, transformative concept. Adaptation strategies remain short-term and focused on immediate survival. Barriers to HLR include financial constraints, limited access to agricultural resources and technology, and entrenched gender norms restricting women’s leadership and decision-making. While local governments, women’s associations, and community networks provide some support, gaps in accessibility and adequacy persist. Participants expressed the need for financial assistance, vocational training, agricultural technologies, and stronger peer networks. Strengthening HLR among agrarian women requires gender-sensitive policies, investment in local support systems, and community-led initiatives. Empowering agrarian women as agents of change is critical for fostering resilient rural livelihoods and achieving inclusive, sustainable development. Full article
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