The increasing electrification in aircraft propulsion and assistant systems necessitates innovative approaches in battery safety design. This work presents an investigation into a lightweight, fire-resistant composite battery housing tailored for mod...
Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are a proven technology for energy storage systems, mobile electronics, power tools, aerospace, automotive and maritime applications. LiBs have attracted interest from academia and industry due to their high power and ene...
To better understand the fire risk of primary lithium batteries, the combustion properties of different numbers of primary lithium batteries were investigated experimentally in this work. Based on the t2 fire principle and total heat release results...
When lithium-ion batteries experience thermal runaway, a large amount of heat rapidly accumulates inside, causing the internal pressure to rise sharply. Once the pressure exceeds the battery’s safety valve design capacity, the valve activates a...
In the past five years, there have been numerous cases of Li-ion battery fires and explosions, resulting in property damage and bodily injuries. This paper discusses the thermal runaway mechanism and presents various thermal runaway mitigation approa...
The surge in lithium-ion battery (LIB) use, essential for mass-scale renewable energy storage, raises concerns about fire hazards. However, to date, there is a lack of industry-wide understanding of large-scale LIB fire propagation. This paper sugges...
The Energy Storage System (ESS) market is rapidly expanding as global environmental policies are pushing for renewable energy with an increasing momentum. However, due to the thermal runaway phenomenon specific to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), ESSs a...
It is well known that the safety concerns surrounding lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), such as fire and explosion, are currently a bottleneck problem for the large-scale usage of energy storage power stations. The study of water-based fire-extinguishing...
This study investigates fire dynamics and passenger evacuation for a lithium-battery-powered sightseeing vessel using Pyrosim 2024 and Pathfinder 2019. Fire scenarios with varying ignition locations (lower battery compartment, first-deck cabin, secon...
Lithium-ion battery fires are governed by continuous heat release during thermal runaway, flammable gas venting, and thermal coupling between adjacent cells. Even after visible flames are extinguished, post-extinguishment temperature rise, thermal ru...
As the use of Li-ion batteries is spreading, incidents in large energy storage systems (stationary storage containers, etc.) or in large-scale cell and battery storages (warehouses, recyclers, etc.), often leading to fire, are occurring on a regular...
This paper introduces a novel algorithm—YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once version 8) + FRMHead (a multi-branch feature refinement head) + Slimneck (a lightweight bottleneck module), abbreviated as YFSNet—for lithium-ion battery fire and smoke de...
Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electrochemical energy storage due to their advantages such as fast response and good scalability, but they are prone to thermal runaway (TR) under abusive conditions. Liquid nitrogen has been proven effective...
Lithium-ion battery energy storage stations are being rapidly deployed for peak regulation, renewable energy integration, and emergency power supply in power systems. Their fire risk is governed by interacting factors, including cell thermal runaway,...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages (e.g., high voltage and long-life cycle) in comparison to other energy storage technologies (e.g., lead acid), resulting in their applicability in a wide variety of structures. Simultaneously, the the...
27 December 2022
As a large number of new energy is employed as the driving force for the operation and transportation machinery of underground space projects, the lithium battery load in confined spaces, such as working faces, roadways and tunnels increases in geome...
Due to the increasing number of battery electric vehicles (BEV) on the roads and the number of BEV accidents with the occurrence of a fire, full-scale fire tests of BEVs were carried out. For initiation, the BEVs were mechanically damaged, forming a...
A growing number of fires and explosions in energy storage plants have been triggered by the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. Owing to the complex physicochemical properties of these batteries, their fire safety issues remain unresolved and...
As the demand for maritime transportation of power battery shipping containers grows rapidly, the incidence of fire accidents has increased in tandem. However, most studies focus on analyzing fire causes through the thermal runaway mechanism; few ana...
The lithium battery energy storage system (LBESS) has been rapidly developed and applied in engineering in recent years. Maritime transportation has the advantages of large volume, low cost, and less energy consumption, which is the main transportati...
Thermal runaway in electric vehicle power battery packs is a key risk in fire prevention and control for electric transportation. Its triggering, propagation, and failure modes are jointly affected by external thermal abuse, material insulation perfo...
The present paper addresses dynamic risks in automotive industry factories, specifically in the car lead-acid battery manufacturing area. The main analyzed risk is fire risk. The battery manufacturing process is described and analyzed from this persp...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electrochemical energy storage and in other fields. However, LIBs are prone to thermal runaway (TR) under abusive conditions, which may lead to fires and even explosion accidents. Given the severity of...
Firefighting units in the Slovak Republic are well prepared for extinguishing fires of vehicles with internal combustion engines. However, the expansion of electromobility is also coming to Slovakia. It is essential to pay attention to this topic fro...
Battery-powered applications are rapidly spreading in handheld, domestic, business and power storage appliances and in propelling a range of electric vehicles. Fast developments of new battery technology sparked an equally fast development of a new a...
Identifying the specific battery type that caused a fire is a critical part of forensic investigation, yet it becomes difficult when severe heat destroys physical evidence. To provide a non-contact forensic solution, this study proposes an interpreta...
A new safety risk assessment model for battery pack production processes was developed using the DEMATEL-ANP method to analyze the impact and complex relationships of risk-influencing factors. Initially, five major risk-influencing factors were ident...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) catch fire easily due to thermal runaway (TR). Fires following TR in LIBs pose a serious threat to public safety. Effective extinguishing methods for LIB fires have not been developed. In this work, the effect of a synerg...
The fire resistance and thermal propagation delay of a flame-retardant battery pack case (BPC) were investigated in this study for electric vehicles. Following the Lithium-ion traction battery pack and system for electric vehicles, Part 3: Safety req...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have come to hold ever greater significance across diverse fields. However, thermal runaway and associated fire incidents have undeniably constrained the application and development of LIBs. Consequently, gaining a profou...
The fire safety of lithium-ion battery systems in electric vehicles is often examined through separate studies of thermal runaway, propagation, early warning, and fire suppression, making it difficult to translate fragmented evidence into system-leve...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) release significant amounts of toxic, corrosive, and flammable gases when they enter thermal runaway (TR). These emissions can be hazardous to human health, damage nearby equipment, pose fire and explosion risks, and degr...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) pose a safety risk due to their high specific energy density and toxic ingredients. Fire caused by LIB thermal runaway (TR) can be catastrophic within enclosed spaces where emission ventilation or occupant evacuation is ch...
Increasing occurrences of waste fires that are caused by improperly discarded lithium-based portable batteries threaten the whole waste management sector in numerous countries. Studies showed that high quantities of these batteries have been found in...
29 September 2022
The electric vehicle (EV) market, together with photovoltaic (PV) installations continues to develop at a pace. However, there are concerns that EV and PV installation fires may create more harmful substances than other types of fire. PV modules and...
With the improvement of lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology, safety is becoming increasingly urgent topic for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Short circuits, overcharging, high temperatures and overheating can cause thermal runaway reactions and t...
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), utilising chemistries based on Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) containing lithium-ion devices, often present fire safety hazards that existing qualitative risk frameworks, including NFPA 855’s 5 × 5 co...
Research on the safety and impact of lithium-ion battery failure has focused on individual cells as lithium-ion batteries began to be used in small devices. However, large and complex battery packs need to be considered, and how the failure of a sing...
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are used extensively worldwide in a varied range of applications. However, LIBs present a considerable fire risk due to their flammable and frequently unstable components. This paper reviews experimental and numerical stu...
Safety issues concerning the use of large lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electrified vehicles are discussed based on the abuse test results of Li-ion cells together with safety devices for cells. The presented abuse tests are: overcharge, short ci...
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has posed new challenges to fire safety, especially when multiple EVs are transported on electric trailers, as limited studies exist on heavy electric vehicle transportation and little research has been conduct...
Electric vehicles (EVs) are currently emerging as alternative vehicles due to their high energy efficiency and low emissions during driving. However, regarding the raising concern, the safety of EVs can further be improved before they completely repl...
Numerous lithium-ion battery (LIB) fires and explosions have raised serious concerns about the safety issued associated with LIBs; some of these incidents were mainly caused by overcharging of LIBs. Therefore, to have a better understanding of the fi...
To address the critical industry challenges of insufficient thermal safety and reliability in the stacking design of lithium-ion battery (LIB) modules, as well as the lack of accurate traceability methods for LIB fire accidents, this study takes comm...
Battery failure in underground mining vehicles can expose connected workings to heat and hazardous gases. This review synthesises research published primarily between 2010 and 2026 on battery thermal runaway, enclosure response, underground hazard tr...
This study investigates a lithium-ion battery failure in heating insoles that ignited during normal walking while powered off. Through comprehensive material characterization, electrical testing, thermal analysis, and mechanical gait simulation, we s...
Battery electric vehicle (BEV) fires in road tunnels can intensify thermal, smoke transport, visibility, and CO exposure hazards under confined ventilation. This study evaluated the combined mitigation performance of water mist and semi-transverse me...
Battery pack fires remain a critical safety concern for lithium-ion battery systems. This study presents a comprehensive application of Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to identify and structure the sequences of failures that may lead to a battery pack fire...
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) plays a pivotal role in the fire protection of Li-ion batteries, especially for the high-voltage (HV) battery systems in Electrical Vehicles (EVs). This study covers the application of TES in mitigating thermal runaway ri...
The high capacity and voltage properties demonstrated by lithium-ion batteries render them as the preferred energy carrier in portable electronic devices. The application of the lithium-ion batteries which previously circulating and contained around...
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