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Fire
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Advances in Thermal Energy Storage in Fire Prevention and Control
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Advances in Thermal Energy Storage in Fire Prevention and Control

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 September 2025 | Viewed by 5334

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Diaconu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultatea de Inginerie, Universitatea "Constantin Brâncuşi" din Târgu Jiu, Târgu Jiu, Romania
Interests: spontaneous heating; lignite; stock pile; energy services company; energy efficiency project; calorific value; storage period

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermal energy storage in fire protection is a relatively new research direction with a limited number of applications, such as the prevention of thermal runaway in Li-ion batteries. Thermal energy storage limits the temperature increase which occurs during the fire inception period. This has the potential to reduce the exposure of materials to high temperatures and delays fire propagation. The attenuation of temperature spikes achieved by employing thermal energy storage can contribute even more considerably to fire protection, preventing the material from reaching the ignition point. In applications with temperature fluctuations and spikes, thermal energy storage offers more flexibility in the system design parameters.

Although thermal storage plays a limited role in fire protection, it can be regarded as a complimentary fire protection measure, which, in some instances, can make the difference between failure to prevent a fire from igniting and propagating and preventing it.

This Special Issue welcomes submissions which feature recent studies on thermal energy storage in any form (sensible, latent heat, thermo-chemical storage) with applicability to fire protection. The range of applications is not limited, but submissions related to electrical vehicles technology, fire protection in buildings, and in critical industrial applications are especially encouraged. In parallel, studies related to improving the fire retardance of thermal energy storage materials are welcomed.

  • Fire protection for construction materials integrating thermal energy storage in various forms.
  • Li-ion batteries thermal runaway control and protection.
  • Fire control in critical (industrial/civil) infrastructures employing thermal energy storage.
  • Materials for thermal energy storage: flammability, degradation under exposure to fire, fire retardance.

Research articles are especially encouraged for this Special Issue. Comprehensive reviews on recent and emerging topics are also welcome. Non-conventional and modern approaches such as AI systems will be prioritized.

Prof. Dr. Bogdan Diaconu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermal energy storage
  • phase change material
  • flame retardance
  • fire protection
  • fire propagation
  • fire suppression
  • thermal runaway
  • electrical vehicle
  • critical infrastructure

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 7880 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of BTM Systems Made of a Fireproof Composite Material with Nano Boron Nitride
by Ioan Szabo, Florin Mariasiu and Thomas Imre Cyrille Buidin
Fire 2025, 8(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8020063 - 4 Feb 2025
Viewed by 824
Abstract
The paper presents a numerical analysis of the possibilities of replacing the aluminum serpentines in the current construction of battery thermal management systems (BTMS) with cooling serpentines made of fireproof composite materials with high heat transfer parameters (fireproof epoxy resin + nano boron [...] Read more.
The paper presents a numerical analysis of the possibilities of replacing the aluminum serpentines in the current construction of battery thermal management systems (BTMS) with cooling serpentines made of fireproof composite materials with high heat transfer parameters (fireproof epoxy resin + nano boron nitride). This approach was given by the need to replace aluminum (which, in case of fire, maintains and accelerates the combustion process) with fireproof materials that reduce/eliminate the fire risk due to improper battery operation. Numerical analysis methods were used through simulation to identify the most efficient design among the single-channel, multichannel, multiflow and multiple coolant inlet–outlet solutions for cooling serpentine. In addition to these geometric constructive parameters, the variation of the coolant flow rate (9, 12, 15 and 18 L/min) and coolant inlet temperature (17, 20 and 25 °C) was also considered. The obtained results showed that the single-inlet nanocomposite resin cooling serpentine four-channel configuration presents the highest cooling efficiency of the cells that form the battery module while ensuring very good thermal uniformity as well. These findings are supported by the lowest average heat absorption by the batteries, of 34.44 kJ, as well as the lowest average internal resistance difference (caused by thermal gradients), of 5.23%. Future research is needed to identify the degree of structural resistance of serpentines made of fireproof composite material to external stresses (vibrations characteristic of the operation of electric vehicles). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Energy Storage in Fire Prevention and Control)
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21 pages, 4122 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Fire Protection in Electric Vehicle Batteries Based on Thermal Energy Storage Systems Using Machine Learning and Feature Engineering
by Mahmoud M. Kiasari and Hamed H. Aly
Fire 2024, 7(9), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7090296 - 23 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2271
Abstract
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) plays a pivotal role in the fire protection of Li-ion batteries, especially for the high-voltage (HV) battery systems in Electrical Vehicles (EVs). This study covers the application of TES in mitigating thermal runaway risks during different battery charging/discharging conditions [...] Read more.
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) plays a pivotal role in the fire protection of Li-ion batteries, especially for the high-voltage (HV) battery systems in Electrical Vehicles (EVs). This study covers the application of TES in mitigating thermal runaway risks during different battery charging/discharging conditions known as Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and Grid-to-vehicle (G2V). Through controlled simulations in Simulink, this research models real-world scenarios to analyze the effectiveness of TES in controlling battery conditions under various environmental conditions. This study also integrates Machine Learning (ML) techniques to utilize the produced data by the simulation model and to predict any probable thermal spikes and enhance the system reliability, focusing on crucial factors like battery temperature, current, or State of charge (SoC). Feature engineering is also employed to identify the key parameters among all features that are considered for this study. For a broad comparison among different models, three different ML techniques, logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes, have been used alongside their hybrid combination to determine the most accurate one for the related topic. This study concludes that SoC is the most significant factor affecting thermal management while grid power consumption has the least impact. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that logistic regression outperforms other methods, with the improving feature to be used in the hybrid models as it can increase their efficiency due to its linearity capture capability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Energy Storage in Fire Prevention and Control)
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Review

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36 pages, 2962 KiB  
Review
Safety Methods for Mitigating Thermal Runaway of Lithium-Ion Batteries—A Review
by Jun Deng, Zhen Hu, Jian Chen, Jingyu Zhao and Zujin Bai
Fire 2025, 8(6), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8060223 - 31 May 2025
Viewed by 1361
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as energy storage units in electric vehicles, mobile phones, and other electric devices due to their high voltage, large capacity, and long cycle life. Lithium-ion batteries are prone to thermal runway (TR), resulting in fires and explosions, [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as energy storage units in electric vehicles, mobile phones, and other electric devices due to their high voltage, large capacity, and long cycle life. Lithium-ion batteries are prone to thermal runway (TR), resulting in fires and explosions, which can seriously hinder the commercial development of LIBs. A series of safety methods has been studied to prevent TR of LIBs. The safety methods for suppressing TR in LIBs were reviewed, including safety equipment method, material modification method, thermal management method, and cooling method. The mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, and future applications of the TR suppression method are discussed. The effectiveness of the proposed safety method was evaluated through technical analysis and experimental testing, and the inhibitory effects of different safety methods on battery TR were summarized. The future trend of suppressing TR is discussed by summarizing and generalizing existing technologies for suppressing thermal runaway. This study provides a reference for exploring more effective methods to mitigate TR in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermal Energy Storage in Fire Prevention and Control)
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