Search Results (1,439)

Background/Objectives: Rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a common orthopedic procedure, with healing outcomes strongly influenced by patient-specific factors such as tissue quality, tear characteristics, and biological healing potential. Bioinductive collagen implants have shown great results in enhancing tendon healing and reducing retear rate. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and imaging outcomes of RCR augmented with a xeno-derived collagen membrane over 24 months and to assess complications or implant failures. Methods: Patients underwent arthroscopic RCR using anchors (single or double-row) with additional xeno-derived matrix augmentation. The study included patients older than 40 years with full-thickness supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus tendon tears (DeOrio–Cofield grade 3–4) who were candidates for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and provided informed consent. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Constant–Murley Score (CMS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH), and Visual Analogue Score (VAS) at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. MRI was performed preoperatively and at 24 months to assess tendon thickness. Results: All scores improved significantly. CMS increased from 16.3 ± 4.1 to 82.9 ± 5.8, VAS decreased from 7.8 ± 1.0 to 1.5 ± 0.8, and DASH improved from 70.3 ± 6.4 to 12.4 ± 4.5 (p < 0.05). Tendon thickness in the supraspinatus (T3) increased from 4.2 ± 0.9 mm to 6.8 ± 1.2 mm (p < 0.05). Retear rate was 7.55%, with no major complications. Conclusions: The bioinductive collagen implant showed notable results in improving tendon thickness, healing, and excellent clinical outcomes in RCR, without membrane-related complications. The study was designed as a prospective single-arm case series without a control group and that was the main limitation; The absence of adverse reactions in this cohort further supports the favorable safety profile of this implant in the present study population. Full article

Driving simulators offer a safe and controlled way to study fatigue in truck drivers, but variation in scenario design and incomplete reporting limit reproducibility and cross-study comparison. This systematic review synthesized scenario parameters used in truck-driving simulators to induce fatigue-related reductions in alertness and identified recurring protocol patterns associated with interpretable fatigue-related change. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and a prospectively registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD420261302272), systematic searches were conducted in February 2026 in Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Peer-reviewed original studies published in English were eligible if they involved truck drivers, used a driving simulator, reported fatigue-relevant scenario parameters, and measured at least one fatigue-related outcome; no restriction was applied to publication year. Twenty-three studies comprising 419 participants met the eligibility criteria and were synthesized narratively. Risk of bias was appraised using an adapted 11-item checklist for driving simulator experiments, developed with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) quality assessment tools as a reference framework. Across the qualitative evidence base, fatigue-related change was reported more consistently in protocols combining sustained time on task with low-variability driving demands, typically implemented through monotonous road environments and reduced traffic complexity. Effects were more readily interpretable when sessions were scheduled at night or after work shifts and when outcomes were assessed repeatedly during the drive. However, incomplete control or reporting of baseline sleep pressure, stimulant intake, counterbalancing, familiarization, simulator sickness, and outlier handling limited causal interpretation and confidence in cross-study comparison. Overall, the evidence supports recurring design patterns rather than a single optimal protocol and highlights the need for standardized scenario descriptions and minimum reporting requirements. Full article

Objective: This study compared the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of Er: YAG laser-assisted versus conventional scalpel frenectomy, while evaluating the adjunctive impact of postoperative antimicrobial mouthwashes on wound healing and periodontal parameters. Methods: A total of 102 patients who underwent labial frenectomy were included in this retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants were allocated into four groups based on the surgical approach (Er: YAG laser or conventional scalpel) and the postoperative mouthwash protocol (Kloroben^® or Klorhex Plus^®). Clinical assessments were performed at baseline and at 7, 14, and 28 days postoperatively. Wound healing, evaluated using the Wound Healing Index, was defined as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included periodontal clinical parameters, epithelialization status, postoperative pain, bleeding, and analgesic consumption. To control potential confounders, multivariable regression analysis was performed alongside standard parametric and nonparametric tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: All treatment protocols resulted in significant improvements over time (p < 0.001). However, Er: YAG laser–assisted frenectomy was associated with significantly better periodontal indices, superior wound-healing scores, and more favorable patient-reported outcomes than the conventional scalpel technique at all postoperative evaluations (p < 0.001). On day 7, ‘Very Good’ healing was observed in 70.2% of the laser groups, compared with 14.4% in the CS groups (p = 0.001). Group 4 showed the lowest mean VAS scores (0.04 ± 0.20) and the lowest analgesic consumption by day 7. Multivariable analysis confirmed that the surgical technique was the strongest independent predictor of superior wound healing (p < 0.05), regardless of age, gender, smoking, or systemic disease. Notably, frenulum type was not significantly associated with wound healing or pain outcomes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, Er: YAG laser-assisted frenectomy was observed to provide favorable wound healing outcomes compared to the conventional technique. Furthermore, our findings show that anatomical variations in frenulum type do not significantly influence the quality or speed of recovery. These findings suggest that the choice of surgical modality and postoperative chemical support are more critical determinants of early clinical success than the anatomical variations of the frenulum. Full article

Indoor air quality (IAQ) in educational buildings plays a critical role in the health, cognitive performance, and well-being of occupants. Aging university facilities often rely on outdated ventilation systems that are not designed to meet current demands or respond to dynamic occupancy levels. This study investigates the performance and feasibility of various advanced ventilation strategies in comparison to an existing balanced mechanical ventilation (BMV) system in a university classroom accommodating 100 students. Using a Dynamic Building Energy Simulation Program, simulations were conducted to evaluate IAQ (using CO₂ levels), energy consumption, and thermal comfort under three retrofitting scenarios: BMV, demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), and hybrid ventilation combining natural and mechanical airflow. The simulations indicate that DCV cuts annual HVAC energy use by 33% relative to the baseline, while the hybrid strategy achieves the greatest reduction of 42% and maintains CO₂ levels and thermal comfort within recommended limits. Although hybrid systems provide seasonal advantages, their complexity may limit applicability. In addition to technical analysis, this study also explores the financial and tax-related challenges associated with retrofitting ventilation systems in university buildings. Investment payback periods, operational costs, and potential tax incentives are discussed to evaluate economic viability. Overall, the endorse hybrid ventilation as the most cost-effective strategy where mixed-mode control is feasible, and DCV as a practical alternative for buildings unable to employ natural ventilation. Full article

The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a classic functional assay that models in vitro interactions between responder T cells and allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs). It quantifies the magnitude and quality of alloreactivity, integrating signals from allorecognition, co-stimulation, inflammatory context, and minor histocompatibility antigens that may not be captured by molecular matching alone. This review is narrative in nature and is intended as a practical, non-systematic synthesis of the field. To provide a modern, practice-oriented synthesis of MLR designs, readouts, and translational uses, highlighting how new technologies have expanded MLR from bulk proliferation into multidimensional immune profiling.We summarize why MLR remains valuable as a functional compatibility probe beyond HLA typing, including the high baseline frequency of alloreactive T cells that produces robust signals without priming. We then review key design options (one-way vs. two-way formats; stimulator inactivation; responder definition; APC source and maturation) and how these choices affect interpretation for rejection and graft-versus-host disease risk modeling, tolerance-focused studies, and immunomodulatory screening. Next, we outline major readouts—radiometric and flow cytometric proliferation (dye dilution, Ki-67), cytokine/chemokine profiling, cytotoxicity adaptations, and next-generation add-ons (e.g., scRNA-seq, TCR sequencing)—emphasizing complementary strengths and common pitfalls. Finally, we consolidate practical quality and reproducibility controls (donor variability, dynamic range, timing, batch effects, and acceptance criteria) to improve cross-study comparability and translational readiness. Modern MLR platforms combine controllable allogeneic stimulation with scalable, high-resolution readouts for mechanistic discovery, immune monitoring and translational immune profiling. Standardized modular design and rigorous quality control can improve reproducibility and support broader adoption across transplantation, immunotherapy, and immune-modulation research. Full article

Ridesplitting is a promising strategy to enhance vehicle efficiency in urban mobility services during mega-events. However, designing dispatching algorithms that effectively balance high service rates with acceptable passenger delays under high-demand, reservation-based scenarios remains a significant challenge. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel two-stage dispatch framework: Offline Grouping and Online Matching (OGOM). In the offline stage, the request grouping problem is formulated as a weighted hypergraph maximum matching (WHMM) problem. A sequence inference (SI) method is introduced to accelerate the construction of candidate ridesplitting trips, and the WHMM problem is solved optimally using the Gurobi solver. In the online stage, the dispatch process is completed within an event-based simulation environment built with MATSim. The framework is validated through a comprehensive case study of the Hangzhou Asian Games. The results demonstrate that the proposed OGOM framework achieves a mean service rate of 92.12%, representing an 8.74% improvement over a rolling horizon batching benchmark. Concurrently, the average passenger delay is maintained between 2 and 4 min across all simulation runs. Furthermore, the framework reduces the average request completion distance by over 30% compared to a non-ridesplitting baseline. The proposed SI method also shows a 49.35% reduction in computation time for hypergraph construction compared to conventional methods. These findings confirm that the OGOM framework provides an effective and scalable operational strategy for mega-event ridesplitting services, simultaneously improving service quality through optimized supply–demand matching and controlled passenger delays. Full article

A recent study of World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees found that about one- third experienced post-traumatic growth (PTG) in the wake of the 9/11 attacks and that PTG was associated with social support and social integration. However, the implications of PTG for the enrollees’ overall quality of life are unknown. The present study investigated the prevalence of PTG and its association with the SF-12 physical and mental function quality of life scales in a sample of 2786 enrollees from the Registry’s Health and Quality of Life Study (HQoL) who completed the first four surveys, were older than 18 on 9/11, reported English as their primary spoken language, and provided consistent self-report of 9/11 physical injury at the Registry’s baseline and HQoL surveys. We employed multivariable linear regression to evaluate the association between PTG and the SF-12 physical and mental scales, controlling for sex, age, race, education, income, employment, social support, threatening events, post-9/11 mental health, number of post-9/11 physical health conditions, and drug/alcohol misuse. We found that 31% of the sample enrollees experienced PTG and that PTG exhibited a clinically and statistically significant association with the SF-12 mental scale but not the physical scale (physical: β = −0.01 (−0.61, 0.65), mental: β = 3.92 (2.89, 4.95)). Those who were physically injured during 9/11 showed larger improvements in mental function than those who were not. PTG has implications for the overall mental quality of life that should be further investigated. Full article

Background: Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent, affecting approximately 21% of the European population, with chronic insomnia disorder estimated at 6%. Non-pharmacological alternatives to pharmacotherapy are needed. Sulfurous balneotherapy represents a potential intervention, yet real-world evidence remains limited. Objective: To explore changes in self-reported sleep quality following sulfurous balneotherapy at Terme di Saturnia (Italy). Methods: Retrospective single-arm observational study of 76 participants (mean age 47.3 years, 54% female) undergoing a 7–12-day consecutive balneotherapy cycle with daily sulfurous thermal water immersion sessions (60–90 min/session). The Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire (OSQ) was administered pre- and post-treatment. Participants were stratified by baseline insomnia severity into Group A (OSQ ≥ 22, n = 47) and Group B (OSQ < 22, n = 29). The primary outcome was change in OSQ insomnia score in Group A. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In Group A, insomnia severity decreased significantly from 26.4 ± 8.3 at baseline to 20.1 ± 7.5 post-treatment (Δ = −6.3, 95% CI: −7.9 to −4.7, p < 0.001, r = 0.54). Sleep satisfaction also improved significantly from 3.2 ± 1.1 to 4.6 ± 1.2 (Δ = +1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7, p < 0.001, r = 0.60). In Group B, no statistically significant changes were observed, consistent with ceiling effects. However, in an open-ended question, 72.4% (21/29; 95% CI: 54.3–85.3) of Group B participants reported enhanced relaxation during the spa stay. Due to the single-arm observational design without control groups, the observed improvements cannot be distinguished from non-specific factors, including the vacation effect, reduced work-related stress, placebo and expectancy responses, regression to the mean, or the effects of warm water immersion itself independent of sulfurous mineral content. Conclusions: This exploratory study documents pre–post improvements in self-reported sleep quality in a cohort undergoing sulfurous balneotherapy during a spa vacation. The absence of control groups and unmeasured confounders precludes causal inferences. Future randomized trials with heated non-mineral water controls are needed to isolate specific therapeutic contributions of sulfurous thermal waters. Full article

What drives persistent urban–rural tourism satisfaction gaps: whether from promotional over-promising or structural service deficits? This distinction fundamentally determines whether territorial development resources should target marketing sophistication or productive capacity, yet remains empirically unresolved. Text-mining for 33,174 attractions across 349 Chinese cities reveals that both rural and urban destinations systematically under-promise, with description sentiment falling consistently below actual ratings, contradicting the “digital facade” hypothesis. Urban attractions nonetheless generate more positive surprises through superior service delivery (gap = 0.62 vs. 0.55). Sentiment measurement robustness is validated through triangulation of two independent dictionary-based methods ($r=0.58$, $p<0.001$) and cross-paradigm verification using a pre-trained BERT transformer ($\tau =1.000$ ranking stability). SHAP decomposition quantifies the policy implication: controllable service quality indicators, including description quality (23.2%), information richness (30.7%), and price positioning (16.5%), collectively explain over 70% of the variance in satisfaction, while fixed geographic factors (rural classification 14.9% and city-tier 14.7%) account for 29.6%, yielding a controllable-to-geographic ratio of 2.4:1. Propensity score matching with six covariates confirms a 0.074–0.100-point rural penalty persists after controlling for confounders, while non-linear analysis demonstrates that rural attractions face no marginal productivity disadvantage, and the challenge is baseline capacity, not investment efficiency. For policymakers pursuing Sustainable Development Goals 8, 10, and 12 through tourism-led regional strategies, these results mandate redirecting resources from demand-side expectation management toward supply-side infrastructure and workforce development, the true binding constraint on rural competitiveness. Full article

Chinese font generation is important for digital typography, cultural preservation, and personalized user interfaces. However, existing methods often face challenges in maintaining structural consistency, supporting diverse stylistic variations, and achieving computational efficiency simultaneously, especially in cloud-based environments. A key application is bandwidth-efficient font delivery, where compact structural templates replace large font files for on-demand style customization. To address these issues, this paper proposes Stroke2Font—a hierarchical vector model with AI-driven optimization for dynamic Chinese font generation. The core model decouples structural representation from style rendering through stroke element decomposition and Bézier curve parameterization. To further balance structural fidelity, style diversity, and real-time performance, we introduce a three-module optimization framework: (1) a reinforcement learning policy for dynamic selection of Bézier control parameters to minimize rendering latency; (2) a genetic algorithm for exploring style vector spaces and generating novel font variants; and (3) an adaptive complexity-aware optimization strategy that dynamically configures parameters based on character structural complexity. Experimental results on a dataset of 150 Chinese characters with 1123 stroke trajectories and 5287 feature points demonstrate that the adaptive complexity-aware optimization achieves the highest trajectory similarity of 65.2%, representing a 6.4% relative improvement over baseline (61.3%). The evaluation covers characters ranging from 1 to 18 strokes across 6 stroke types, with standard deviation reduced to ±5.7% (compared to ±6.5% baseline), indicating more consistent performance. Quantitative analysis confirms that the method generalizes effectively across varying character complexity, with the optimization showing stable improvement regardless of stroke count distribution. These results validate that Stroke2Font provides an effective solution for high-quality, efficient, and scalable Chinese font generation in cloud-based applications. Full article

Background/Objectives: Peripheral vestibular hypofunction (PVH) commonly causes dizziness, imbalance, gait disturbances, and reduced quality of life. Task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) is a rehabilitation approach in which patients perform structured, task-specific functional movements repetitively to improve real-life motor performance. TOCT integrates functional, multisensory, and repetitive exercises based on motor learning and neuroplasticity principles, potentially enhancing rehabilitation outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TOCT on dizziness, vertigo, balance, gait, disability, and quality of life in patients with PVH. Methods: In this single-blind, randomized controlled trial, 28 patients with PVH were randomly allocated to either a task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 12). The control group performed a conventional home-based vestibular exercise program consisting of gaze stabilization and walking exercises. The TOCT group completed 25 task-specific stations, targeting gaze stabilization, balance, and gait, three times per week for four weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Visual Analog Scale for dizziness and vertigo, the Sensory Organization Test for balance, spatiotemporal gait analysis, and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) for disability and quality of life. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, with the group × time interaction used to determine whether changes over time differed between the TOCT and control groups. Results: Significant time × group interactions favored TOCT for dizziness severity, vertigo severity, vestibular-related balance parameters, cadence during eyes-closed walking, and DHI total scores (p < 0.05). Within-group analyses demonstrated moderate-to-large improvements in all measured outcomes for the TOCT group, whereas the control group showed limited improvements in dizziness measures and minimal changes in balance, gait, and DHI scores. Conclusions: Task-oriented circuit training significantly improves dizziness, vertigo, balance, gait, disability, and overall quality of life in patients with PVH compared with conventional home-based vestibular exercises. Incorporating functional, multisensory, and task-specific activities within structured circuits may optimize vestibular rehabilitation outcomes. Full article

Background: Tezepelumab has demonstrated efficacy in severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA), although real-world evidence remains limited. Methods: We included patients with SUA who completed at least 6 months of treatment. Lung function, eosinophil counts, IgE, FeNO, comorbidities, and changes in asthma control were assessed using ACT, ACQ, the VAS, and quality of life (AQLQ), as well as severe exacerbations (hospital admissions and emergency visits), oral corticosteroid (OCS) courses, OCS withdrawal/dose reduction, and reductions in maintenance and reliever medication. Response was evaluated using the FEOS and EXACTO scales. Baseline (T0) and 6-month (T6) outcomes were compared in the overall cohort and according to T2-high (eosinophilic/allergic) vs. T2-low phenotype. Results: A total of 33 patients were analyzed (58 ± 12 years; 94% women), with a high burden of comorbidities (88%), mainly rhinosinusitis (79%), obesity (41%), and smoking (37%). Of these, 45.5% had received prior biologic therapy. All patients were on high-dose ICS + LABA, frequently with LAMA and other controllers; 30% were on maintenance OCS. In the previous year, 49% had been hospitalized, 97% had attended the emergency department, and 100% required OCS courses. After 10 ± 3 months, the overall group showed significant improvement in VAS, ACT, ACQ, and AQLQ (p < 0.001), with a reduction in eosinophils, but no significant change in FEV1%. Severe exacerbations, emergency visits, hospitalizations, and OCS courses decreased markedly (p < 0.001). Among 10 patients on maintenance OCS, OCS were discontinued in 7 and reduced in 3; maintenance/reliever medication was also reduced. The T2-high phenotype showed a higher likelihood of “complete response” (52% vs. 17% in non-T2), although “good response” predominated in non-T2; this difference was significant (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Tezepelumab improved asthma control and reduced healthcare utilization and corticosteroid use in both T2 and non-T2 patients, achieving clinical remission in 40%, with better outcomes in T2. Full article

Shop-floor weld inspection may appear to be a solved problem until a camera is deployed near a galvanized-sheet MIG welding line. The seam reflects light, the texture changes from frame to frame, and the defects of interest are often small and visually subtle. Additionally, the hardware near the line is rarely a data-center GPU. With those constraints in mind, this paper presents YOLO-MIG, a compact detector built on YOLOv10n for weld-seam inspection in practical production conditions. We make three focused changes to the baseline: a C2f-EMSCP backbone block to better preserve weak defect cues with modest parameter growth, a BiFPN neck to keep small-target information alive during feature fusion, and a C2fCIB head to clean up predictions that otherwise get distracted by seam edges and illumination artifacts. On a workshop-collected dataset containing 326 original images, with the training subset expanded through augmentation to 2608 labeled samples in total, YOLO-MIG achieves 98.4% mAP@0.5 and 56.29% mAP@0.5:0.95 on the test set while remaining lightweight (1.83 M parameters, 3.87 MB FP16 weights). Compared with YOLOv10n, the proposed model improves mAP@0.5 by 9.36 points and mAP@0.5:0.95 by 4.89 points, while reducing parameters, GFLOPs, and model size by 43.4%, 19.9%, and 29.9%, respectively. The results suggest that YOLO-MIG is not only accurate but also realistic to deploy at the edge for intelligent weld quality control. Full article

Background/Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) positivity is associated with peptic ulcers in the general population. However, its role in peptic ulcers in cirrhotic patients remains controversial. The impact of H. pylori infection status on the treatment outcomes of peptic ulcers in liver cirrhosis was investigated. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed. The following databases were searched: Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, CQVIP, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, chictr.org.cn, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Relevant studies were published up to 31 December 2025. Studies comparing the treatment outcomes of peptic ulcers in liver cirrhosis were included. Patients were divided into three groups: Hp_pos group (including those who failed to eradicate H. pylori and who denied eradication therapy), Hp_neg group (H. pylori-uninfected individuals), and Hp_Erad group (H. pylori tested positive at baseline but was successfully eradicated afterwards). Prospero registration number: CRD42024551260. Results: Four prospective studies were eligible. No significant difference was found in the unhealed peptic ulcers or recurrent peptic ulcers, although the Hp_Erad group had the highest values of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) [(0.773, mean rank: 1.5) and (0.809, mean rank: 1.4), respectively]. Conclusions: Based on the available low-quality evidence, this network meta-analysis did not detect a statistically significant benefit of H. pylori eradication for ulcer healing or recurrence prevention in cirrhotic patients. These findings should be interpreted as highlighting an evidence gap rather than providing definitive evidence. Further randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings. Clinical decisions regarding H. pylori eradication in cirrhotic patients should be made carefully, weighing the potential benefits against the risks. Full article

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in orthopedics and sports medicine as an autologous product; however, substantial heterogeneity in manufacture and incomplete reporting of preparation parameters limits reproducibility and inter-study comparability.: We performed a PRISMA-guided methodological review of studies describing PRP preparation, subsequently focusing on orthopedic applications. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. 7330 records were retrieved; following merging and de-duplication, more than 2500 unique records were screened. The inclusion criteria for our study required studies on PRP that focused on orthopedic use of this preparation and studies that reported a defined methodology for PRP, reported in the abstract or in the manuscript. Extracted variables covered collection and anticoagulation, centrifugation strategy, cellular composition, activation/lysis, processing environment, storage, and time-to-use. Twenty-three orthopedic studies met the inclusion criteria. Whole blood draw volume and anticoagulant were reported in 15/23 studies each; centrifugation parameters (relative centrifugal force/RPM and duration) in 12/23; and PRP phenotype (e.g., leukocyte-poor vs. leukocyte-rich) in 15/23. Platelet metrics (baseline and/or final platelet count/concentration) were reported in 6/23. Sterility/environmental controls were mentioned in 17/23, whereas storage conditions and time-to-use were described in only 3/23. An explicit exogenous activation agent was reported on 1/23. Orthopedic PRP studies frequently omit critical manufacturing and handling descriptors—particularly platelet dose, leukocyte/lymphocyte handling, temperature control, storage/freezing conditions, and time-to-administration—impairing reproducibility and dose comparability. We propose a pragmatic, standardized protocol for preparation of leucocyte/lymphocyte-depleted PRP for orthopedic use (PRP only, without gelification), together with a minimum set of data and parameters to be evaluated. In our opinion these parameters should be included in future studies in order to standardize the production process. The quality of PRP itself could be impacted by such standardization, and the ability to objectively evaluate the results of studies could be enhanced by facilitating the comparison of data emerging from the literature. Full article