2,723 Results Found

Area selective deposition (ASD) is a promising IC fabrication technique to address misalignment issues arising in a top–down litho-etch patterning approach. ASD can enable resist tone inversion and bottom–up metallization, such as via pre...

Cyclic loading or other stresses can lead to development of cracks and crack growth in mechanical structures, leading to eventual failure. While ultrasound imaging can be used for non-destructive testing of such structures, conventional ultrasound te...

SiCp/Al composites are used in the aerospace, automotive, and electronics fields, among others, due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, as they are hard-to-machine materials, poor surface quality has become a major limitat...

Interference lithography is a promising method for fabricating large-area, defect-free three-dimensional photonic crystal structures which can be used for facilitating the realization of photonic devices with a fast processing time. Although they can...

The most common classifications for acetabular bone defects are based on radiographic two-dimensional imaging, with low reliability and reproducibility. With the rise of modern processing techniques based on 3D modelling, methodologies for the volume...

The influence of processing parameters in laser engineered net shaping (LENS) on the properties of 316L stainless steel and titanium carbide (TiC) composite coating was studied. The key processing parameters were laser power, scanning speed, TiC powd...

The issue of water seepage poses a significant challenge in tunnel infrastructure. Wet areas are commonly used to evaluate the degree of water seepage in tunnel projects. To investigate the feasibility for numerical simulation to predict a wet area,...

Despite stiff competition in the construction industry, housing quality remains a problem. From the consumer’s perspective, these quality problems are called defects. Homeowners experience inconvenience and suffering due to home defects, and de...

Selective area growth (SAG) of GaN nanowires and nanowalls on Si(111) substrates with AlN and GaN buffer layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was studied. For N-polar samples filling of SAG features increased with decreasing lattice...

This article presents one part of a study on the dynamic deformation and fracture of sections of steel gas pipelines with an external crack-like defect under the action of internal pressure. This work was performed on the basis of finite-element simu...

Infrared detection is more and more widely used in the field of non-destructive testing of buildings to detect whether there is a defect on the surface of the building facade. In many cases, it is necessary to obtain more information about the defect...

In the field of bone tissue engineering, which is being developed for the ideal restoration of bone defects, researchers are exploring the improvement of the bone regeneration efficacy of scaffolds through various approaches involving osteoconductive...

The paper presents an innovative matrix method for defect analysis in heterogeneous structures with significant differences in stiffness parameters. The proposed approach modifies the finite element method (FEM) by introducing a refined type of finit...

Nanosizedceria (n-CeO2) was synthesized by a facile method in 2-methylimidazolesolution. The characterization results of XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, Raman and TEM indicate that n-CeO2 shows a regular size of 10 ± 1 nm, a high surface area of 130 m...

The cathodic protection provided by epoxy coating/epoxy zinc-rich coatings on defective areas under atmospheric and immersion conditions was studied via a Q235 wire beam electrode (WBE), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface mo...

In this paper, we present a new approach for the analysis of the dependence of construction costs on the geometric shape of a building. Instead of difficult or even impossible-to-establish uniform prices and costs, we propose a cost analysis concerni...

Patients with unrepaired cleft palate defects still exist within remote rural areas. The prosthodontic rehabilitation of an adult edentulous cleft patient could be very demanding for treating maxillofacial prosthodontist, since most of them are edent...

Despite the progress in the fetal echocardiographic detection of congenital critical heart defects and neonatal physical examination, a significant number of newborn infants are discharged and readmitted to the hospital in severe condition due to car...

In this work, we report on reproducible fabrication of defect-free large-area mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3−xClx) thin films by scalable spray coating with the area of 25 cm2. This is essential for the commercialization of the perovskite solar...

Rational design LDHs (layered double hydroxides) with 3D hierarchical hollow structures have generated widespread interest for catalytic oxidation due to the high complexity in shell architecture and composition. Herein, we reported a handy two-step...

A biomaterial is proposed for closing extensive bone defects in the maxillofacial region. The composition of the biomaterial includes high-molecular chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronate, heparin, alginate, and inorganic nanostructured hydroxyap...

A purification process including flotation separation, acid leaching, calcination, and water quenching was conducted to obtain high-purity quartz sand. The surface morphology of the quartz after flotation separation, acid leaching, calcination, and w...

For clinical treatment of skeletal defects, osteoinductive scaffolds must have the ability to conform to the unique geometry of the injury site without sacrificing biologically favorable properties, including porosity. This investigation seeks to com...

The corrosion behavior of X80 steel in the presence of coupled coating defects was simulated and studied under the interference of alternating current (AC) in an alkaline environment. The results from electrochemical measurements showed that the elec...

In this paper, we propose a novel method for planning grinding trajectories on curved surfaces to improve the grinding efficiency of large aluminum alloy surfaces with welds and defect areas. Our method consists of three parts. Firstly, we introduce...

This article presents a defect detection model of sugarcane plantation images. The objective is to assess the defect areas occurring in the sugarcane plantation before the harvesting seasons. The defect areas in the sugarcane are usually caused by st...

In precast concrete shear wall structures, the joints formed during the vertical connection of precast units are referred to as the “horizontal joint”. Serving as vertical connection nodes in this structure system, the construction qualit...

Due to the construction damage of high-density polyethylene film (HDPE) during the early stages of landfill construction and missed or faulty welding, this paper proposes a method based on the synchronous characteristic temperature differences betwee...

Utilising cooling stimulation as a thermal excitation means has demonstrated profound capabilities of detecting sub-surface metal loss using thermography. Previously, a prototype mechanism was introduced which accommodates a thermal camera and coolin...

Surface defect detection is critical in manufacturing magnetic tiles to improve production yield. However, existing detection methods are difficult to use to accurately locate and segment small defects on magnetic tile images, because these defects a...

Defect-containing carbon nanotube materials were prepared by subjecting two commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of different purities to purification (HCl) and oxidative conditions (HNO3) and further heat treatment to remove surface oxyg...

Potatoes are a staple food crop consumed worldwide, with their significance extending from household kitchens to large-scale food processing industries. Their market value and quality are often compromised by various internal defects such as pythium,...

At present, the apple grading system usually conveys apples by a belt or rollers. This usually leads to low hardness or expensive fruits being bruised, resulting in economic losses. In order to realize real-time detection and classification of high-q...

Defect inspection is an important issue in the field of industrial automation. In general, defect-inspection methods can be categorized into supervised and unsupervised methods. When supervised learning is applied to defect inspection, the large vari...

The non-contact long pulse thermography method is commonly used to detect the defects in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The profile of interfacial defect in TBCs can be monitored by infrared camera under the irradiation of the excitation source. Un...

A new version of an acoustic emission mode which is different from its traditional counterpart is discussed in view of applications for nondestructive testing. It is based on the effect of acoustic waves generation from the defect area in ambient air...

Defects between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and repaired concrete components may easily come out due to misoperation during manufacturing, environmental deterioration, or impact from external load during service life. The defects may cause a degra...

This study aimed to evaluate 2D magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signals (Bx, By) in D19-size reinforcing steel with several defect conditions. The magnetic flux leakage data were collected from the defected and new specimens using an economically designe...

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) can be used to augment intracranial space and halt brainstem compromise. However, a widely adopted recommendation for optimal surgical extent of the DC procedure is lacking. In the current study, we utilized...

Since tiny optical glass is the key component in various optical instruments, more and more researchers have paid attention to automatic defect detection on tiny optical glass in recent years. It remains a challenging problem, as the defects are extr...

Background: it is undesirable for defects to occur in building partitions and units. There is a need to develop and improve research techniques for locating such defects, especially non-destructive techniques for active thermography. The aim of the e...

An analysis of the defects in the vicinity of the selector–root connection plane occurring during the creation of single-crystalline turbine blades made of CMSX-6 Ni-based superalloy was performed. X-ray diffraction topography, scanning electro...

Detecting small defects against a complex surface is highly challenging but crucial to ensure product quality in industry sectors. However, in the detection performance of existing methods, there remains a huge gap in the localization and segmentatio...

Insulators are important safety devices on high-voltage transmission lines. An insulator inspection system based on UAVs is widely used. Insulator defect detection is performed against two main engineering problems: 1. The scarcity of defect images,...

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 26.1% in small-scale devices. However, defects at the bulk, surface, grain boundaries, and interfaces act as non-radiative recombination centers for ph...

First-principles calculations were used to simulate the aggregation of the peroxy chain defect POL and the oxygen vacancy defect ODC(I). Defect aggregation’s electronic structure and optical properties were investigated. The two defects were mo...

This paper proposes a new approach to defect detection system design focused on exact damaged areas demonstrated through visual data containing gear wheel images. The main advantage of the system is the capability to detect a wide range of patterns o...

Detecting the defects of a battery on the surface and edge has always been difficult, especially for concave and convex ones, thereby seriously affecting its quality. Thus, sub-regional Gaussian and moving average filtering are innovatively proposed...

To explore the failure mechanism of rock with holes and fissures, uniaxial compression tests of sandstone samples with combined double hole and double fissure defects were carried out using Particle Flow Code 2D (PFC2D) numerical simulation software....

Bone defects may be a result of different pathologies and represent a challenge in different fields of dentistry. Techniques for the correction of bone defects involving the use of several types of grafts have been proposed. This study evaluated bone...