MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

16 pages, 8452 KB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Diplexing SIW Rectangular Cavity-Backed Antenna Featuring TE₂₁₀ and TE₂₂₀ Modes with a Modified Inverted Z-Shaped Radiating Slot

by Ravindiran Asaithambi and Rajkishor Kumar

Electronics 2025, 14(16), 3198; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14163198 - 11 Aug 2025

Viewed by 341

Abstract

A self-diplexing, full-mode, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) rectangular cavity-backed antenna based on an inverted Z-shaped radiating slot with filtering characteristics is investigated in this work. The proposed design allows for individual control through the loading of four different slots, namely, a combination of [...] Read more.

A self-diplexing, full-mode, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) rectangular cavity-backed antenna based on an inverted Z-shaped radiating slot with filtering characteristics is investigated in this work. The proposed design allows for individual control through the loading of four different slots, namely, a combination of horizontal and diagonal slots, called inverted Z-shaped slots. The two diagonal slots make 45° angles between them, and this flexible rotation gives the design flexibility regarding control of the bands. By combining these slots into a modified inverted Z-shaped slot, a SIW rectangular cavity is configured and energized with two separate 50 Ω microstrip feed lines to resonate at two different frequencies—11.63 GHz and 13.27 GHz—and TE₂₁₀ and TE₂₂₀ modes are obtained for X- and Ku-band wireless purposes. In an experimental analysis, reflection coefficients of S₁₁ < −10 dB were noted for both operating frequencies of 7.4% (11.23–12.09 GHz) and 3.0% (13.15–13.55 GHz), respectively. The average gain of the proposed antenna design in the two different operating conditions is 6.14 and 6.16 dBi, respectively. In addition, the proposed self-diplexing antenna attained high isolation, greater than 28 dB between both operating channels, and showed overall measured efficiency of 87.32%. Moreover, it features a single-layer structure, operates in dual bands, provides broadside linear polarization, and exhibits filtering capabilities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas and Propagation for Next-Gen Wireless)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 5939 KB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Low-Cost Phased Array with Enhanced Gain at the Largest Deflection Angle

by Haotian Wen, Hansheng Su, Yan Wen, Xin Ma and Deshuang Zhao

Electronics 2025, 14(15), 3111; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153111 - 5 Aug 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 638

Abstract

This paper presents a low-cost 1-bit phased array operating at 17 GHz (Ku band) with an enhanced scanning gain at the largest deflection angle to extend the beam coverage for ground target detection. The phased array is designed using 16 (2 × 8) [...] Read more.

This paper presents a low-cost 1-bit phased array operating at 17 GHz (Ku band) with an enhanced scanning gain at the largest deflection angle to extend the beam coverage for ground target detection. The phased array is designed using 16 (2 × 8) radiation-phase reconfigurable dipoles and a fixed-phase feeding network, achieving 1-bit beam steering via a direct current (DC) bias voltage of ±5 V. Measurement results demonstrate a peak gain of 9.2 dBi at a deflection angle of ±37°, with a 3 dB beamwidth of 94° across the scanning plane. Compared with conventional phased array radars with equivalent peak gains, the proposed design achieves a 16% increase in the detection range at the largest deflection angle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 6688 KB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Integrated Additive Manufacturing of TGV Interconnects and High-Frequency Circuits via Bipolar-Controlled EHD Jetting

by Dongqiao Bai, Jin Huang, Hongxiao Gong, Jianjun Wang, Yunna Pu, Jiaying Zhang, Peng Sun, Zihan Zhu, Pan Li, Huagui Wang, Pengbing Zhao and Chaoyu Liang

Micromachines 2025, 16(8), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16080907 - 2 Aug 2025

Viewed by 625

Abstract

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing offers mask-free, high-resolution deposition across a broad range of ink viscosities, yet combining void-free filling of high-aspect-ratio through-glass vias (TGVs) with ultrafine drop-on-demand (DOD) line printing on the same platform requires balancing conflicting requirements: for example, high field strengths to [...] Read more.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing offers mask-free, high-resolution deposition across a broad range of ink viscosities, yet combining void-free filling of high-aspect-ratio through-glass vias (TGVs) with ultrafine drop-on-demand (DOD) line printing on the same platform requires balancing conflicting requirements: for example, high field strengths to drive ink into deep and narrow vias; sufficiently high ink viscosity to prevent gravity-induced leakage; and stable meniscus dynamics to avoid satellite droplets and charge accumulation on the glass surface. By coupling electrostatic field analysis with transient level-set simulations, we establish a dimensionless regime map that delineates stable cone-jetting regime; these predictions are validated by high-speed imaging and surface profilometry. Operating within this window, the platform achieves complete, void-free filling of 200 µm × 1.52 mm TGVs and continuous 10 µm-wide traces in a single print pass. Demonstrating its capabilities, we fabricate transparent Ku-band substrate-integrated waveguide antennas on borosilicate glass: the printed vias and arc feed elements exhibit a reflection coefficient minimum of −18 dB at 14.2 GHz, a −10 dB bandwidth of 12.8–16.2 GHz, and an 8 dBi peak gain with 37° beam tilt, closely matching full-wave predictions. This physics-driven, all-in-one EHD approach provides a scalable route to high-performance, glass-integrated RF devices and transparent electronics. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 34384 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Low-Profile Dual-Polarized High-Gain Low Cross-Polarization Phased Array for Ku-Band Satellite Communications

by Yuhan Huang, Jie Zhang, Xiuping Li, Zihang Qi, Fan Lu, Hua Jiang, Xin Xue, Hua Zhu and Xiaobin Guo

Sensors 2025, 25(13), 3986; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25133986 - 26 Jun 2025

Viewed by 676

Abstract

A low-profile dual-polarized shared-aperture phased array antenna is proposed for Ku-band satellite communications in this paper. The stacked octagonal patches loaded with Via-rings are proposed as dual-polarized shared-aperture radiation elements, with the characteristics of wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and weak coupling. Furthermore, [...] Read more.

A low-profile dual-polarized shared-aperture phased array antenna is proposed for Ku-band satellite communications in this paper. The stacked octagonal patches loaded with Via-rings are proposed as dual-polarized shared-aperture radiation elements, with the characteristics of wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and weak coupling. Furthermore, innovative minimized three-port ring couplers are utilized for the differential-fed antenna array, further suppressing the cross-polarization component. Substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) and microstrip line (MS) feed networks are employed for the excitation of transmitting band (Tx) horizontal polarization and receiving band (Rx) vertical polarization, respectively. The non-uniform subarray architecture is optimized to minimize the sidelobe levels with the reduced number of transmitter and receiver (T/R) radio frequency phase-shifting modules. As proof-of-concept examples, 16 × 24 and 32 × 24 array antennas are demonstrated and fabricated. The measured impedance bandwidths of the proposed phased array antennas are around 21.1%, while the in-band isolations are above 36.7 dB. Gains up to 29 dBi and 32.4 dBi are performed by two prototypes separately. In addition, the T/R phase-shifting modules are utilized to validate the beam-scanning characteristic, which is of value for dynamic satellite communications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Measurement of Millimeter-Wave Antennas)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 11488 KB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of Wideband Single-Layer Reflectarray Antenna for Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring

by Annal Joy J, Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy, Sachin Kumar, Malathi Kanagasabai and Ladislau Matekovits

Sensors 2025, 25(3), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030954 - 5 Feb 2025

Viewed by 1348

Abstract

In this article, a wideband single-layer reflectarray antenna for Ku-band applications is presented. The proposed reflectarray antenna is suitable for applications such as fixed satellite service (FSS), broadcasting satellite service (BSS), earth exploration satellite service (EESS), remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. The developed [...] Read more.

In this article, a wideband single-layer reflectarray antenna for Ku-band applications is presented. The proposed reflectarray antenna is suitable for applications such as fixed satellite service (FSS), broadcasting satellite service (BSS), earth exploration satellite service (EESS), remote sensing, and environmental monitoring. The developed single element of the proposed reflectarray antenna is made up of a horizontal strip, discrete vertical strips of varying sizes, and circular structures. The reflectarray antenna has 441 elements arranged on a square aperture made of Rogers 5880 substrate, measuring 21 cm × 21 cm. The maximum gain obtained is 26.31 dBi, with a bandwidth of 15.4% of 1 dB gain. The achieved aperture efficiency is 44.4%. The obtained cross-polarizations are less than −21.46 dB for the E-plane and −25.27 dB for the H-plane. The side lobe level is found below −15.06 dB in the E plane and −15.7 dB in the H plane. The side lobe level is minimal at 13.5 GHz, measuring less than −18.2 dB and −18.5 dB in the E and H planes, respectively. The reflectarray antenna designed has a fractional bandwidth of 40%. Hence, the developed antenna is suitable for wide Ku-band applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Waves, Antennas and Sensor Technologies in Modern Biomedical and Environmental Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 9714 KB

Open AccessArticle

Micro-Electromechanical System-Based Parasitic Patch Antenna on Quartz Substrate for High Gain

by Haoran Zhao, Qi Wang, Jianyu Du, Lang Chen, Wen Yue and Wei Wang

Sensors 2025, 25(3), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030607 - 21 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3181

Abstract

This paper presents a novel Ku-band parasitic patch antenna based on MEMS technology. The antenna consists of two substrates that are bonded together. The lower substrate houses the main patch and the ground layer, while the upper substrate supports the parasitic patch. To [...] Read more.

This paper presents a novel Ku-band parasitic patch antenna based on MEMS technology. The antenna consists of two substrates that are bonded together. The lower substrate houses the main patch and the ground layer, while the upper substrate supports the parasitic patch. To minimize the dielectric loss, the parasitic patch is fabricated using a double-layer suspended film process, combining parylene C and Spin-on-glass (SOG) materials. The two substrates are also bonded using SOG. The proposed antenna achieves a measured bandwidth of 30% (11.1~15.01 GHz), a peak gain of 8.57 dBi, and a compact size of 0.87 × 0.87 × 0.09 λ₀³. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Modeling, Testing and Reliability Issues in MEMS Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 6399 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Ku-Band Compact Offset Cylindrical Reflector Antenna with High Gain for Low-Earth Orbit Sensing Applications

by Bashar A. F. Esmail, Dustin Isleifson and Lotfollah Shafai

Sensors 2024, 24(23), 7535; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237535 - 26 Nov 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1421

Abstract

The rise of CubeSats has unlocked opportunities for cutting-edge space missions with reduced costs and accelerated development timelines. CubeSats necessitate a high-gain antenna that can fit within a tightly confined space. This paper is primarily concerned with designing a compact Ku-band offset cylindrical [...] Read more.

The rise of CubeSats has unlocked opportunities for cutting-edge space missions with reduced costs and accelerated development timelines. CubeSats necessitate a high-gain antenna that can fit within a tightly confined space. This paper is primarily concerned with designing a compact Ku-band offset cylindrical reflector antenna for a CubeSat-based Earth Observation mission, with the goal of monitoring Arctic snow and sea ice. The development of a Ku-band offset cylindrical reflector, with a compact aperture of 110 × 149 mm² (6.3λ × 8.5λ), is described alongside a patch array feed consisting of 2 × 8 elements. The patch array feed is designed using a lightweight Rogers substrate and is utilized to test the reflector. Adopting an offset configuration helped prevent gain loss due to feed blockage. Analyzing the reflector antenna, including the feed, thorough simulations and measurements indicates that achieving a gain of 25 dBi and an aperture efficiency of 52% at 17.2 GHz is attainable. The reflector’s cylindrical shape and compact size facilitate the design of a simple mechanism for reflector deployment, enabling the antenna to be stored within 1U. The array feed and reflector antenna have been fabricated and tested, demonstrating good consistency between the simulation and measurement outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2818 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Optimized Ku–DNA Binding Inhibitors on the Cellular and In Vivo DNA Damage Response

by Pamela L. Mendoza-Munoz, Narva Deshwar Kushwaha, Dineshsinha Chauhan, Karim Ben Ali Gacem, Joy E. Garrett, Joseph R. Dynlacht, Jean-Baptiste Charbonnier, Navnath S. Gavande and John J. Turchi

Cancers 2024, 16(19), 3286; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16193286 - 26 Sep 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2215

Abstract

Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a validated cancer therapeutic target involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Ku serves as a sensor of DSBs by binding to DNA ends and activating DNA-PK. [...] Read more.

Background: DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a validated cancer therapeutic target involved in DNA damage response (DDR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Ku serves as a sensor of DSBs by binding to DNA ends and activating DNA-PK. Inhibition of DNA-PK is a common strategy to block DSB repair and improve efficacy of ionizing radiation (IR) therapy and radiomimetic drug therapies. We have previously developed Ku–DNA binding inhibitors (Ku-DBis) that block in vitro and cellular NHEJ activity, abrogate DNA-PK autophosphorylation, and potentiate cellular sensitivity to IR. Results and Conclusions: Here we report the discovery of oxindole Ku-DBis with improved cellular uptake and retained potent Ku-inhibitory activity. Variable monotherapy activity was observed in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, with ATM-null cells being the most sensitive and showing synergy with IR. BRCA1-deficient cells were resistant to single-agent treatment and antagonistic when combined with DSB-generating therapies. In vivo studies in an NSCLC xenograft model demonstrated that the Ku-DBi treatment blocked IR-dependent DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation, modulated DDR, and reduced tumor cell proliferation. This represents the first in vivo demonstration of a Ku-targeted DNA-binding inhibitor impacting IR response and highlights the potential therapeutic utility of Ku-DBis for cancer treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Incorporating DNA Damage Response (DDR) Mechanisms in Cancer Systems: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2372 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Four-Port Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna for Ku-Band Satellite Communications

by Son Trinh-Van, Woo Yong Yang, Hyung Won Cho and Keum Cheol Hwang

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2730; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072730 - 25 Mar 2024

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2950

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a four-port dual-band dual-polarized antenna for transmitting/receiving (Tx/Rx) applications in Ku-band satellite communications. The antenna consists of two antenna elements sharing a common radiating aperture, a low-band element formed by an L-probe proximity-fed square-ring radiator for [...] Read more.

This paper presents the development of a four-port dual-band dual-polarized antenna for transmitting/receiving (Tx/Rx) applications in Ku-band satellite communications. The antenna consists of two antenna elements sharing a common radiating aperture, a low-band element formed by an L-probe proximity-fed square-ring radiator for operation at the Rx band of 10.7–12.75 GHz, and a high-band element realized by a stacked-patch radiator for operation at the Tx band of 13.75–14.5 GHz. Within a compact multilayer structure, the antenna achieves wide dual-band operation, with each band having the ability to simultaneously operate with dual polarization. An antenna prototype is fabricated and tested to verify its performance. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 9.28–12.96 GHz (13.21–15.32 GHz), an isolation value between two orthogonal polarizations of 12 dB (12.4 dB), and a peak gain of 6.63 dBi (5.42 diBi) at the low band (high band). Tx/Rx isolation of more than 14 dB is achieved in both the Rx band and Tx band. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antenna Design for Microwave and Millimeter Wave Applications III: Latest Advances and Prospects)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 7609 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Miniaturized Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G-II Band Communication

by Manish Varun Yadav, Chandru Kumar R, Swati Varun Yadav, Tanweer Ali and Jaume Anguera

Technologies 2024, 12(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies12010010 - 18 Jan 2024

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3748

Abstract

This article introduces a miniaturized antenna for 5G-II band millimeter-wave communication. The antenna’s performance is meticulously examined through comprehensive simulations carried out using CST Microwave Studio, employing an FR-4 substrate with dimensions measuring 12 × 14 × 1.6 mm³. The proposed [...] Read more.

This article introduces a miniaturized antenna for 5G-II band millimeter-wave communication. The antenna’s performance is meticulously examined through comprehensive simulations carried out using CST Microwave Studio, employing an FR-4 substrate with dimensions measuring 12 × 14 × 1.6 mm³. The proposed design exhibits exceptional qualities, featuring an impressive impedance bandwidth of 70.4% and a remarkable return loss of −35 dBi. The operational frequency range of this antenna extends from 16.2 GHz to 33.8 GHz, featuring a central frequency of 25 GHz, positioning it effectively within the 5G-II Band. The antenna consistently maintains polar patterns throughout this spectrum, which guarantees dependable and efficient performance. It showcases a substantial gain of 3.85 dBi and an impressive efficiency rating of 82.9%. Renowned for its versatility, this antenna is well suited for a diverse range of applications, including but not limited to Ka band, Ku band, 5G-II bands, and various other purposes in microwaves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces for 5G and Beyond Volume II)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4677 KB

Open AccessArticle

Suitability of Dual-Band, Dual-Polarized Patch Antennas with a Superstrate for the Miniaturization of Ku-Band Antenna Arrays for Automotive Applications

by Roslin Francis, Safwat Irteza Butt, Jasmeet Singh, Peter Guelzow, Ralf Eimertenbrink and Matthias A. Hein

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10867; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910867 - 29 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2392

Abstract

The extension of low-earth orbit (LEO) services to non-terrestrial mobile communications has huge potential for eliminating network white spots and providing high-speed, low-latency links with worldwide geographic coverage. State-of-the-art user terminals for mobile platforms are too large for integration into a passenger vehicle. [...] Read more.

The extension of low-earth orbit (LEO) services to non-terrestrial mobile communications has huge potential for eliminating network white spots and providing high-speed, low-latency links with worldwide geographic coverage. State-of-the-art user terminals for mobile platforms are too large for integration into a passenger vehicle. Antenna elements loaded with a dielectric superstrate could potentially lead to a considerable miniaturization of the user terminal. As per link budget calculations, an array with a gain of 27 dBi is necessary to ensure a throughput of 25 Mbps in the downlink at the Ku-band. A conventional array with a gain of 6 dBi per element, assuming a 12 × 12 arrangement with half-wavelength spacing, would require a footprint of 36 λ² at 10 GHz to achieve this target and appears unsuitable for automotive integration. This paper proposes a low-profile, dual-band, dual-polarized, vertically stacked patch antenna with superstrate loading and shows that the inclusion of the superstrate improves the antenna’s gain by at least 3 dB. Therefore, compared to a conventional array, a superstrate-loaded array would need only half of the number of elements to meet the target gain, thus occupying only half of the surface area, and offers better integration for automotive applications. Requiring half of the number of elements also implies considerably reduced design complexity and cost. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art in Microwave Engineering and Applied Electromagnetism)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 43289 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Split Ring Resonator Shaped Six Element 2 × 3 Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna for the C/X/Ku/K Band Applications

by Meshari Alsharari, Vishal Sorathiya, Ammar Armghan, Kavan Dave and Khaled Aliqab

Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040874 - 19 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2452

Abstract

In this manuscript, we have numerically investigated and experimentally verified the six-element split ring resonator and circular patch-shaped multiple input, multiple output antenna operating in the 1–25 GHz band. MIMO antennas are analyzed in terms of several physical parameters, such as reflectance, gain, [...] Read more.

In this manuscript, we have numerically investigated and experimentally verified the six-element split ring resonator and circular patch-shaped multiple input, multiple output antenna operating in the 1–25 GHz band. MIMO antennas are analyzed in terms of several physical parameters, such as reflectance, gain, directivity, VSWR, and electric field distribution. The parameters of the MIMO antenna, for instance, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), channel capacity loss (CCL), the total active reflection coefficient (TARC), directivity gain (DG), and mean effective gain (MEG), are also investigated for identification of a suitable range of these parameters for multichannel transmission capacity. Ultrawideband operation at 10.83 GHz is possible for the theoretically designed and practically executed antenna with the return loss and gain values of −19 dB and −28 dBi, respectively. Overall, the antenna offers minimum return loss values of −32.74 dB for the operating band of 1.92 to 9.81 GHz with a bandwidth of 6.89 GHz. The antennas are also investigated in terms of a continuous ground patch and a scattered rectangular patch. The proposed results are highly applicable for the ultrawideband operating MIMO antenna application in satellite communication with C/X/Ku/K bands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Antenna Technology for Wireless Communication System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2909 KB

Open AccessArticle

Metamaterial Based Ku-Band Antenna for Low Earth Orbit Nanosatellite Payload System

by Touhidul Alam, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mohammad Lutful Hakim, Khalid H. Alharbi, Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, Muntasir M. Sheikh, Rabah W. Aldhaheri, Md. Shabiul Islam and Mohamed S. Soliman

Nanomaterials 2023, 13(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13020228 - 4 Jan 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3216

Abstract

The concept of nanosatellite technology becomes a viable platform for earth and space observation research to minimize cost and build time for the payload. The communication approach is the essential fundamental attribute of a satellite, of which the antenna is a crucial component [...] Read more.

The concept of nanosatellite technology becomes a viable platform for earth and space observation research to minimize cost and build time for the payload. The communication approach is the essential fundamental attribute of a satellite, of which the antenna is a crucial component for forming a communication link between the nanosatellite and the earth. The nanosatellite antenna must comply with some special requirements like compact size, lightweight, and high gain with a space-compatible structure. This paper proposes a compact metamaterial-based Ku-band antenna with circular polarization for the nanosatellite communication system. The designed antenna obtained an impedance bandwidth of 2.275 GHz with a realized gain of 6.74 dBi and 3 dB axial beamwidth of 165° at 12.10 GHz. The overall antenna size of the designed is 0.51λ × 0.51λ × 0.17λ, which is fabricated on Rogers 5880 substrate material. The antenna results performance has been examined with a 1 U nanosatellite structure and found suitable to integrate with metallic and nonmetallic surfaces of any miniature nanosatellite structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metamaterial Technology for Wireless Communication Systems)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 13227 KB

Open AccessArticle

Antennas in the Internet of Vehicles: Application for X Band and Ku Band in Low-Earth-Orbiting Satellites

by Ming-An Chung, Kuo-Chun Tseng and Ing-Peng Meiy

Vehicles 2023, 5(1), 55-74; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5010004 - 4 Jan 2023

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4740

Abstract

This paper proposes a simple and small-dimensioned antenna that can provide X band and Ku band for the low-earth-orbiting (LEO) satellite system in an Internet of vehicles system. The antenna is designed on the substrate Arlon DiClad 880. The antenna structure consists of [...] Read more.

This paper proposes a simple and small-dimensioned antenna that can provide X band and Ku band for the low-earth-orbiting (LEO) satellite system in an Internet of vehicles system. The antenna is designed on the substrate Arlon DiClad 880. The antenna structure consists of an inverted triangle geometry and an inverted U-shaped slot. The dimensions of the antenna are 12.5 × 5 mm², and the area of the substrate is 30 × 13 × 0.254 mm³. The antenna is easy to make, and the manufacturing cost is low. The measurement results of the reflection coefficient (lower than −10 dB) of the antenna show that the working frequency band can cover the X-band (10.87–12.76 GHz) and the Ku band (15.19–16.02 GHz). The measured and simulated results are fairly similar. The efficiency of the antenna in the X-band is about 50–80.8%. The efficiency of the antenna in the Ku-band is about 50–74%. The gains of the antennas are about 3.34–6.08 dBi and 3.50–4.65 dBi in the X-band and Ku band, respectively, and the highest gain is 6.08 dBi. The antenna design can realize the features of low cost and small dimensions in autonomous vehicles and vehicle networking communication system equipment and achieve good wireless transmission capabilities from vehicles to the base station in the IOV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Vehicles and Vehicles Engineering)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 2726 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Monopole UWB Antenna for WIFI 7/Bluetooth and Satellite Communication

by Zhonggen Wang, Mingqing Wang and Wenyan Nie

Symmetry 2022, 14(9), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091929 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3368

Abstract

In this paper, a monopole UWB broadband antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured for wireless communication networks. The initial radiator model of the proposed antenna has a short-sleeve shape, and to expand the impedance bandwidth, the right and left angles are subtracted symmetrically [...] Read more.

In this paper, a monopole UWB broadband antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured for wireless communication networks. The initial radiator model of the proposed antenna has a short-sleeve shape, and to expand the impedance bandwidth, the right and left angles are subtracted symmetrically from the lower half of the radiator. The impedance matching is improved by etching slots in the feed line and adding L-shaped patches symmetrically on both sides of the feed line. The results show that the proposed miniaturized antenna system can cover WiFi 7(2.4–2.484 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz, 5.725–5.825 GHz, 5.925–7.125 GHz), 4G LTE (2.3–2.39 GHz, 2.555–2.655 GHz), 5G (4.8–5.0 GHz), X-band (7–12.4 GHz), Ku-band (10.7–14.59 GHz), and C-band uplink bands (5.925–6.425 GHz). Moreover, the antenna is found to be omnidirectional at low frequencies, with a maximum peak gain of 5.43 dBi. The antenna can be used for multi-frequency wireless communication applications. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Search Results (24)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Saved Queries

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Feature Papers

Subjects

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (24)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI