Search Results (498)

Proteus mirabilis is a zoonotic pathogen that poses a growing threat to both animal and human health due to rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is widely found in animals, including China’s nationally protected captive giant and red pandas. This study isolated Proteus mirabilis from panda feces to assess AMR and virulence traits, and used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to evaluate the spread of resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes (VAGs). In this study, 37 isolates were obtained, 20 from red pandas and 17 from giant pandas. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were present in both hosts. Giant panda isolates showed the highest resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin (58.8%), while red panda isolates were most resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (65%) and imipenem (55%). Giant panda-derived strains also exhibited stronger biofilm formation and swarming motility. WGS identified 31 ARGs and 73 VAGs, many linked to mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids, integrons, and ICEs. In addition, we found frequent co-localization of drug resistance genes/VAGs with MGEs, indicating a high possibility of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This study provides crucial insights into AMR and virulence risks in P. mirabilis from captive pandas, supporting targeted surveillance and control strategies. Full article

Chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain (CPSP) is a persistent pain condition lasting beyond three months after tissue injury, often associated with neuropathic features and pathological angiogenesis. This study investigated the feasibility, safety, and therapeutic potential of transarterial embolization (TAE) in patients with CPSP arising from prior musculoskeletal surgeries or interventions. Six patients with refractory pain and imaging evidence of abnormal neovascularization were retrospectively reviewed. TAE was performed using imipenem/cilastatin particles to selectively target pathological vasculature. Eleven procedures were conducted, achieving 100% technical and clinical success. Mean Numeric Rating Scale scores improved significantly from 7.8 at baseline to 1.3 at final follow-up (p < 0.001). No major adverse events occurred, and follow-up imaging demonstrated resolution of inflammation in selected cases. These results support the role of TAE as a minimally invasive treatment option for intervention-related CPSP involving the musculoskeletal system, and further prospective studies are warranted. Full article

Purpose: The adenoid microbiota plays a key role in adenoid hypertrophy (AH). This study explored the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus. Influenzae (H. influenzae) strains in pediatric AH patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of pediatric AH patients undergoing endoscopic adenoidectomy. Adenoid tissue samples were cultured to screen for pathogens. H. influenzae strains were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and serotyped via q-PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ftsI gene analysis were conducted using PubMLST. β-lactamase genes (bla_TEM-1, bla_ROB-1) were detected by PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Etest method. For imipenem-resistant strains, the acrRAB efflux pump gene cluster and ompP2 porin gene were sequenced and compared with those of the wild-type strain Rd KW20. Results: Over 8 months, 56 non-duplicate H. influenzae strains were isolated from 386 patients. The detection rate was highest in children under 5 years (30.5%) compared to those aged 5–10 years (13.4%) and 10–15 years (8.7%). Of 49 sub-cultured strains, all were non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi). MLST identified 22 sequence types (STs) and 13 clonal complexes (CCs), with CC11 (26.5%), CC3 (14.3%), and CC107 (14.3%) being predominant. Common STs included ST103 (22.4%), ST57 (10.2%), and ST107 (10.2%). Most strains belonged to the ftsI group III-like+ (57.1%). β-lactamase positivity was 98.0% (48/49), with bla_TEM-1 (95.9%) and bla_ROB-1 (18.4%) detected. AST showed low susceptibility to ampicillin (10.2%), amoxicillin–clavulanate (34.7%), azithromycin (12.2%), and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (14.3%). Among the β-lactamase-positive strains, 44/48 were β-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant (BLPAR); none were β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR). Imipenem susceptibility was 91.8% (45/49). No carbapenemases were found in the imipenem-resistant strains, but mutations in acrRAB (88.12–94.94% identity) and ompP2 (77.10–82.94% identity) were observed. Conclusions: BLPAR NTHi strains of CC11 are major epidemic strains in pediatric AH. Imipenem resistance in H. influenzae likely results from porin mutations rather than carbapenemase activity. Enhanced surveillance of H. influenzae’s role in AH and its resistance patterns is warranted. Full article

Among synanthropic species, European hedgehogs are widely distributed throughout Europe. In recent decades, these animals have increasingly adapted to anthropogenic environments, where they find abundant shelter and food resources, along with fewer natural predators. As with other wildlife, it is likely that their coexistence in cities is also affecting their microbiota, promoting the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to assess the occurrence and patterns of AMR in commensal enteric Escherichia coli isolated from hedgehogs (n = 53) living in anthropogenic environments upon admission to a wildlife rescue center in Turin (Italy). The effects of hospitalization on the prevalence and trends of AMR were also assessed. Our results confirm that hedgehogs can harbor resistant E. coli upon admission, in particular against cefazolin (41.5%), ampicillin (37.7%), and enrofloxacin (22.6%). In addition, hospitalization promoted an increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of all antibiotics except imipenem, which led to a significant increase in E. coli that was resistant towards doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Admitted hedgehogs were also carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli (5.7%), whose presence increased during hospitalization (to 20.8%). These results highlight the role of hospitalizations longer than five days in the acquisition of AMR and suggest that European hedgehogs can become potential carriers of resistant E. coli following hospitalization. Full article

Background/objectives: Proteus mirabilis is a frequent causative agent of urinary and wound infections in both community and hospital settings. It develops resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (p-AmpCs). Recently, carbapenem-resistant isolates of P. mirabilis emerged due to the production of carbapenemases, mostly belonging to Ambler classes B and D. Here, we report an outbreak of infections due to carbapenem-resistant P. mirabilis that were observed in a psychiatric hospital in Zagreb, Croatia. The characteristics of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing P. mirabilis isolates, associated with an outbreak, were analyzed. Materials and methods: The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disk-diffusion and broth dilution methods. The double-disk synergy test (DDST) and inhibitor-based test with clavulanic and phenylboronic acid were applied to screen for ESBLs and p-AmpCs, respectively. Carbapenemases were screened by the modified Hodge test (MHT), while carbapenem hydrolysis was investigated by the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and EDTA-carbapenem-inactivation method (eCIM). The nature of the ESBLs, carbapenemases, and fluoroquinolone-resistance determinants was investigated by PCR. Plasmids were characterized by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). Selected isolates were subjected to molecular characterization of the resistome by an Inter-Array Genotyping Kit CarbaResisit and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: In total, 20 isolates were collected and analyzed. All isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin alone and when combined with clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, ceftazidime–avibactam, ceftolozane–tazobactam, gentamicin, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. There was uniform susceptibility to ertapenem, meropenem, and cefiderocol. The DDST and combined disk test with clavulanic acid were positive, indicating the production of an ESBL. The MHT was negative in all except one isolate, while the CIM showed moderate sensitivity, but only with imipenem as the indicator disk. Furthermore, eCIM tested positive in all of the CIM-positive isolates, consistent with a metallo-β-lactamase (MBL). PCR and sequencing of the selected amplicons identified VIM-1 and VIM-4. The Inter-Array Genotyping Kit CarbaResist and WGS identified β-lactam resistance genes bla_VIM, bla_CTX-M-15, and bla_TEM genes; aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(3)-IId, aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, aadA1, armA, and aac(6′)-IIc; as well as resistance genes for sulphonamides sul1 and sul2, trimethoprim dfr1, chloramphenicol cat, and tetracycline tet(J). Conclusions: This study revealed an epidemic spread of carbapenemase-producing P. mirabilis in two wards in a psychiatric hospital. Due to the extensively resistant phenotype (XDR), therapeutic options were limited. This is the first report of carbapenemase-producing P. mirabilis in Croatia. Full article

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly acknowledged as a critical global challenge, posing serious risks to human and animal health and potentially disrupting poultry production systems. Commensal bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Escherichia coli may serve as important reservoirs and vectors of resistance genes. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the AMR profiles of bacterial strains isolated from industrial chicken farms in the Dél-Alföld region of Hungary, providing region-specific insights into resistance dynamics. Methods: A total of 145 isolates, including Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and E. coli isolates, were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing against 15 antimicrobial agents, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Advanced multivariate statistics, machine learning algorithms, and network-based approaches were employed to analyze resistance patterns and co-resistance associations. Results Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 43.9% of Staphylococcus spp. isolates, 28.8% of Enterococcus spp. isolates, and 75.6% of E. coli isolates. High levels of resistance to florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and potentiated sulfonamides were observed, whereas susceptibility to critical antimicrobials such as imipenem and vancomycin remained largely preserved. Discussion: Our findings underscore the necessity of implementing region-specific AMR monitoring programs and strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration within the “One Health” framework with proper animal hygiene and biosecurity measures to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance and protect both animal and human health. Full article

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common and serious problem in clinical practice. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting nephrotoxicity events associated with antibiotics approved since 2018. The agents assessed included aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefiderocol, ceftobiprole, contezolid, gepotidacin, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, lascufloxacin, lefamulin, levonadifloxacin, plazomicin, and sulbactam/durlobactam. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and major pharmacovigilance databases (Vigibase, FAERS, EudraVigilance, EMA, FDA, NMPA, PMDA, and CDSCO) in May 2025, along with reference citation tracking. Studies were included if they reported safety or adverse event data. The risk of bias was assessed using validated tools in accordance with the study design. Out of 2105 potentially relevant records, 74 studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 52 clinical trials, 17 observational studies, 1 registry-based study, 3 case series, and 1 case report. Nephrotoxicity was rarely reported for any of the newly approved antibiotics. No renal adverse events were found in the available studies for aztreonam/avibactam, levonadifloxacin, and contezolid. Most studies were of moderate to high quality; two were classified as low quality. However, nephrotoxicity was inconsistently assessed, with variable definitions and methodologies used. Although current data suggest a low frequency of nephrotoxicity, limitations in study design and reporting preclude firm conclusions. There is a need for post-marketing studies to better characterize renal safety. Clinicians should remain vigilant and continue to monitor for and report renal-related adverse events. Full article

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of colistin prescriptions among patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Jordan. Additionally, the study evaluated the appropriateness of colistin prescriptions and assessed resistance levels of this strain. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, adult patients who were infected with MDR P. aeruginosa and were admitted to Jordan University Hospital between January 2018 and March 2024 were included. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, sources of infection, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results: Out of the 85 patients who met the inclusion criteria for having MDR P. aeruginosa, colistin was administered to 16 patients (18.8%). Notably, approximately two-thirds (68.7%) of the isolates from patients who received colistin were classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Among the isolates, 15 out of 16 (93.8%) were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Among the patients requiring colistin, five (31.3%) discontinued therapy, while two (12.5%) remained on colistin despite the availability of safer alternatives. No significant difference was observed in 30-day all-cause mortality between patients treated with colistin (0%) and those who were not (4.3%, p = 1.00). Similarly, the incidence of acute kidney injury did not differ significantly between the colistin group (0%) and the non-colistin group (p = 1.00). No significant difference was found in the hospital stay between colistin-treated patients (median 10.5 days, IQR [5.0–14.0]) and those not treated with colistin (median 13.0 days, IQR [7.0–21.0]), (p = 0.22). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that colistin was selectively initiated in high-risk patients, particularly those with XDR P. aeruginosa. However, its inappropriate continuation despite safer alternatives, as well as its discontinuation when no other options existed, raise concerns about antibiotic de-escalation practices. Interestingly, no significant differences in mortality or acute kidney injury were observed between patients who were treated with colistin and those who were not. These findings emphasize the need for antimicrobial stewardship programs and highlight the importance of large-scale trials to evaluate colistin’s efficacy and safety in MDR infections. Full article

Acinetobacter baumannii is listed by the World Health Organization as an emerging bacterial priority pathogen, the prevalence and multidrug resistance of which have been increasing. This functional genomics study aimed to understand the drug-resistance mechanisms of an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii strain (IRMCBCU95U) isolated from a transtracheal aspirate sample from a female patient with end-stage renal disease in Saudi Arabia. The whole genome of IRMCBCU95U (4.3 Mbp) was sequenced using Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing to identify and compare the antibiotic-resistance profile and genomic features of A. baumannii IRMCBCU95U. The antibiogram of A. baumannii IRMCBCU95U revealed resistance to multiple antibiotics, including cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam. A comparative genomic analysis between IRMCBCU95U and A. baumannii K09-14 and ATCC 19606 identified significant genetic heterogeneity and mosaicism among the strains. This analysis also demonstrated the hybrid nature of the genome of IRMCBCU95U and indicates that horizontal gene transfer may have occurred between these strains. The IRMCBCU95U genome has a diverse range of genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and mobile genetic elements (ISAba1 and IS26) associated with the spread of multidrug resistance. The presence of virulence-associated genes that are linked to iron acquisition, motility and transcriptional regulation confirmed that IRMCBCU95U is a priority human pathogen. The plasmid fragment IncFIB(pNDM-Mar) observed in the strain is homologous to the plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae (439 bp; similarity: 99.09%), which supports its antimicrobial resistance. From these observations, it can be concluded that the clinical A. baumannii IRMCBCU95U isolate is an emerging extensively drug-resistant human pathogen with a novel combination of resistance genes and a plasmid fragment. The complex resistome of IRMCBCU95U highlights the urgent need for genomic surveillance in hospital settings in Saudi Arabia to fight against the spread of extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii. Full article

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections, particularly those caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DTR-Pa), present a growing global healthcare challenge, especially in critically ill populations. Imipenem–relebactam (I/R), a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination, has shown efficacy in clinical trials, but real-world data remain limited. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective–prospective observational study across tertiary-care hospitals in Italy between January 2020 and May 2025. Adult patients (≥18 years) treated with I/R for ≥48 h for suspected or confirmed MDR Gram-negative infections were included. Primary endpoints were clinical success at the end of therapy and 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included microbiological eradication, recurrence, safety, and predictors of treatment failure. Statistical analysis involved descriptive methods and correlation analysis for mortality predictors. Results: Twenty-nine patients were included (median age 66 years; 58.6% ICU admission; 71.4% mechanical ventilation). Clinical success was achieved in 22/29 patients (75.9%), while 30-day mortality was 24.1% (7/29). The most common pathogen was Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.1%), with 41.4% of infections being polymicrobial. Microbiological eradication was confirmed in all the BSIs. Parenteral nutrition (p = 0.016), sepsis at presentation (p = 0.04), candidemia (p = 0.036), and arterial catheter use (p = 0.029) were significantly more frequent in non-survivors. Survivors showed significant reductions in CRP, PCT, and bilirubin at 48 h, while non-survivors did not. Parenteral nutrition (rho = 0.427, p = 0.023), sepsis (rho = 0.378, p = 0.043), and arterial catheter use (rho = 0.384, p = 0.04) were significantly correlated with mortality. Conclusions: In this Italian multicenter cohort of critically ill patients, imipenem–relebactam demonstrated high clinical success and acceptable mortality rates in the treatment of severe MDR Gram-negative infections, particularly those caused by KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. Early biomarker dynamics may aid in monitoring treatment response. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and define optimal treatment strategies. Full article

P. aeruginosa strain NL201 was cultured from an urban water drain in a populated subway underpass as an environmental isolate for the ST111 global high-risk P. aeruginosa clone. In addition to carrying generally present intrinsic P. aeruginosa antibiotic resistance genes, this serotype O4 isolate also carries a set of additional acquired resistance determinants, including aadA2, bla_OXA-10, sul1, and an aac(6′)-Ib family gene. The NL201 isolate features the bla_PDC-3 allele, which was found to confer significantly higher catalytic efficiency against cefepime and imipenem compared to bla_PDC-1, as well as the potent P. aeruginosa virulence factors exoS, exoT, and algD. Serotype O4 isolates of the ST111 global high-risk P. aeruginosa clone have been reported from clinical samples in Canada and the USA, human stool samples in France, and environmental samples (such as cosmetic, hospital drains, and urban water drain) from various European countries. These observations underscore the effective dissemination of the ST111 global high-risk P. aeruginosa clone between different hosts, environments, and habitats, and they warrant targeted investigations from a One Health perspective on the possible routes of its spread and molecular evolution. Full article

Background/Objective: Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide and presents a significant One Health concern due to zoonotic transmission. Although antibiotic therapy remains a standard approach for treating salmonellosis in severe cases in animals, the widespread misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains. This study provides insights into the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics among Salmonella isolates from necropsied cattle. Methods: A total of 1008 samples were collected from necropsied cattle. Salmonella enterica subspecies were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and subsequently confirmed by serotyping. The biofilm-forming ability of the isolated bacteria was assessed using a crystal violet assay. The motility of the isolates was assessed on soft agar plates. Additionally, the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes were investigated. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were investigated against 19 antibiotics representing 9 different classes. Results:Salmonella species were isolated and identified in 27 necropsied cattle. Salmonella Dublin was the most prevalent serotype (29.6%). Additionally, all the isolates were biofilm producers at different levels of intensity, and 96.3% of the isolates exhibited both swarming and swimming motility. Furthermore, virulence genes, including invA, hilA, fimA, and csgA, were detected in all the isolates. The highest resistance was observed to macrolides (azithromycin and clindamycin) (100%), followed by imipenem (92.6%), and chloramphenicol (85.2%). All isolates were multidrug-resistant, with a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranging between 0.32 and 0.74. The aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6′)-Ib was detected in all the isolates (100%), whereas the distribution of other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) varied among the isolates. Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of MDR Salmonella poses a significant public health risk. These resistant strains can reduce the effectiveness of standard treatments and elevate outbreak risks. Strengthening surveillance and regulating antibiotic use in livestock are essential to mitigating these threats. Full article

Background and Objectives: Infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABc), are increasing globally and are notoriously difficult to treat due to the intrinsic resistance of these bacteria to many common antibiotics. The aims of this study were to demonstrate the in vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam against MABc clinical isolates and to determine any in vitro synergism between imipenem/relebactam and other antimicrobials. Methods: A nationwide collection of 175 MABc clinical respiratory isolates obtained from 24 hospitals in Spain (August 2022–April 2023) was studied. Fifteen different antimicrobial agents were comprised, including imipenem/relebactam. MICs were determined according to CLSI criteria, and the synergism studies were performed with the selected clinical isolates. Results: Of the 175 isolates obtained, 110 were identified as M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (62.9%), 51 as M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (29.1%), and 14 as M. abscessus subsp. bolleti (8%). The antibiotics yielding the highest susceptibility rates were tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline (100%); followed by imipenem/relebactam and clofazimine (97.6%); and finally amikacin (94.6%). Only four isolates were resistant to imipenem/relebactam, three of which were further characterized by WGS, revealing MABc mutations in Bla_Mab as well as D,D- and L,D-transpeptidades and mspA porin, which may play an important role in reduced susceptibility to imipenem/relebactam, even though none were previously described or associated with resistance to β-lactams. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that relebactam improved the anti-MABc activity of imipenem, representing a β-lactam for the treatment of MABc infections. Furthermore, imipenem/relebactam demonstrated in vitro synergism with other anti-MABc treatments, thus supporting its use as part of dual regimens. Full article

In this study, we isolated and identified bacteria from the feces of a diarrheal cynomolgus monkey. The results showed that the isolated strain was P. aeruginosa, named PA/CM-101101. Morphological observations indicated that when cultured on Luria–Bertani (LB) nutrient agar at 37 °C for 24 h, the strain formed smooth, slightly elevated colonies with neat and wavy edges. On acetamide agar at the same temperature and duration, the colonies appeared flat with irregular edges and a faint pink periphery, while the medium changed to rose-red; in LB broth at 37 °C for 24 h, the medium became turbid and yellowish-green. Gram staining revealed that it was negative and rod-shaped, without sporulation characteristics. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the sequence identity of the strain shared more than 98.4% similarity with 11 strains of P. aeruginosa from various sources in GenBank. The animal toxicity test showed that it had a strong pathogenic effect on mice. The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that strain PA/CM-101101 was sensitive to amikacin, azithromycin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and polymyxin B; however, it displayed resistance to ampicillin, cefadroxil, cefazolin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. The research findings provide valuable insights for diagnosis and treatment strategies for cynomolgus monkeys. It also provides a reference for molecular epidemiological studies. To our knowledge, this is the first time P. aeruginosa isolated from the diarrhea feces of cynomolgus monkey has been reported. Full article

Background and Objectives: Infections with Chryseobacterium species are rare, and the susceptibility patterns of these species to antimicrobial agents are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the clinical and epidemiological features and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Chryseobacterium species by reviewing previous research on the antibiograms of Chryseobacterium species and the illnesses caused by Chryseobacterium species. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted for all studies that investigated antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Chryseobacterium species published between January 1990 and February 2025. An extensive review of the infection incidences, isolation sites, clinical characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for infections caused by Chryseobacterium species was performed. Results: Several studies have revealed that the incidence of Chryseobacterium species infections is increasing, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions, mainly cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy. Most patients were elderly individuals, and most related illnesses were acquired in hospitals. The number of patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial therapy outnumbered the number of those who died. Antibiotics had little effect on Chryseobacterium species infection outcomes. Sixteen studies were included in the current scoping review. The susceptibility rates of Chryseobacterium indologenes to piperacillin/tazobactam (2.9–100%), ciprofloxacin (4.34–85%), levofloxacin (8.69–100%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (33.3–100%), imipenem (0–33.3%), meropenem (0–38.8%), minocycline (30.4–100%), ceftazidime (0–100%), and cefepime (0–100%) varied. The susceptibility rates of Chryseobacterium gleum to piperacillin/tazobactam (0–33%), ciprofloxacin (21.4–40%), levofloxacin (59.5%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (57.1–93.3%), imipenem (0–2.4%), meropenem (0%), minocycline (83.3–100%), ceftazidime (0–23.8%), and cefepime (0–19.0%) varied. Conclusions: Morbidity and mortality due to the increasing incidence of Chryseobacterium species infections have considerably increased. Underlying immunological defenses and other clinical factors may influence the prognosis of Chryseobacterium species infection. Rather than bacterial virulence characteristics, host factors mostly affect patient outcomes. Most isolates of Chryseobacterium indologenes are susceptible to minocycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. For the treatment of these infections, professional knowledge and therapeutic expertise must be integrated. Full article