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Keywords = GO nanosheets

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24 pages, 5059 KiB  
Article
Effects of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials on Anaerobic Digestion of Thermally Hydrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge
by Luiza Usevičiūtė, Tomas Januševičius, Vaidotas Danila and Mantas Pranskevičius
Materials 2025, 18(15), 3561; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153561 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 241
Abstract
In this study, the effects of graphene-based nanomaterials—specifically graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets—on methane (CH4) production during anaerobic digestion (AD) of thermally hydrolyzed sewage sludge were investigated. Anaerobic digestion was carried out over a 40-day period under mesophilic [...] Read more.
In this study, the effects of graphene-based nanomaterials—specifically graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets—on methane (CH4) production during anaerobic digestion (AD) of thermally hydrolyzed sewage sludge were investigated. Anaerobic digestion was carried out over a 40-day period under mesophilic conditions in batch digesters with a volume of 2.65 L. The influence of various dosages of GNPs and GO nanosheets on methane yields was assessed, including a comparison between GNPs with different specific surface areas (320 m2/g and 530 m2/g). The highest CH4 yield (194 mL/g-VSadded) was observed with a GNP dosage of 5 mg/g-TS and a surface area of 530 m2/g, showing an increase of 3.08% compared to the control. This treatment group had the greatest positive effect also on the degradation of organic matter, with total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) removal reaching 34.35% and 44.18%, respectively. However, the GO dosages that significantly decreased cumulative CH4 production were determined to be 10–15 mg/g-TS. Graphene oxide at dosages of 10 and 15 mg/g-TS reduced specific cumulative CH4 yields by 4.03% and 5.85%, respectively, compared to the control, indicating CH4 yield inhibition. This lab-scale study highlights the potential for integrating GNPs into full-scale, continuously operated wastewater treatment anaerobic digesters for long-term use in future applications. Full article
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12 pages, 1867 KiB  
Article
Graphene Oxide-Constructed 2 nm Pore Anion Exchange Membrane for High Purity Hydrogen Production
by Hengcheng Wan, Hongjie Zhu, Ailing Zhang, Kexin Lv, Hongsen Wei, Yumo Wang, Huijie Sun, Lei Zhang, Xiang Liu and Haibin Zhang
Crystals 2025, 15(8), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15080689 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 281
Abstract
Alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen generation, a key driver in the growth of hydrogen energy, heavily relies on high-efficiency and high-purity ion exchange membranes. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) wrinkled reduced graphene oxide (WG) nanosheets obtained through a simple thermal reduction process and two-dimensional [...] Read more.
Alkaline electrolytic water hydrogen generation, a key driver in the growth of hydrogen energy, heavily relies on high-efficiency and high-purity ion exchange membranes. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) wrinkled reduced graphene oxide (WG) nanosheets obtained through a simple thermal reduction process and two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide act as building blocks, with ethylenediamine as a crosslinking stabilizer, to construct a unique 3D/2D 2 nm-tunneling structure between the GO and WG sheets through via an amide connection at a WG/GO ratio of 1:1. Here, the wrinkled graphene (WG) undergoes a transition from two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) into three-dimensional (3D) through the adjustment of surface energy. By increasing the interlayer spacing and the number of ion fluid channels within the membranes, the E-W/G membrane has achieved the rapid passage of hydroxide ions (OH) and simultaneous isolation of produced gas molecules. Moreover, the dense 2 nm nano-tunneling structure in the electrolytic water process enables the E-W/G membrane to attain current densities >99.9% and an extremely low gas crossover rate of hydrogen and oxygen. This result suggests that the as-prepared membrane effectively restricts the unwanted crossover of gases between the anode and cathode compartments, leading to improved efficiency and reduced gas leakage during electrolysis. By enhancing the purity of the hydrogen production industry and facilitating the energy transition, our strategy holds great potential for realizing the widespread utilization of hydrogen energy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Macromolecular Crystals)
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18 pages, 4672 KiB  
Article
Tailoring Porosity and CO2 Capture Performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks Through Hybridization with Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials
by Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
Inorganics 2025, 13(7), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13070237 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 416
Abstract
This study reported covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their hybrid composites with two-dimensional materials, graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and boron nitride (BN), to examine their structural, textural, and gas adsorption properties. Material characterization confirmed the crystallinity [...] Read more.
This study reported covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their hybrid composites with two-dimensional materials, graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and boron nitride (BN), to examine their structural, textural, and gas adsorption properties. Material characterization confirmed the crystallinity of COF-1 and the preservation of framework integrity after integrating the 2D nanomaterials. FT-IR spectra exhibited pronounced vibrational fingerprints of imine linkages and validated the functional groups from the COF and the integrated nanomaterials. TEM images revealed the integration of the two components, porous, layered structures with indications of interfacial interactions between COF and 2D nanosheets. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms revealed the microporous characteristics of the COFs, with hysteresis loops evident, indicating the development of supplementary mesopores at the interface between COF-1 and the 2D materials. The BET surface area of pristine COF-1 was maximal at 437 m2/g, accompanied by significant micropore and Langmuir surface areas of 348 and 1290 m2/g, respectively, offering enhanced average pore widths and hierarchical porous strcuture. CO2 adsorption tests were investigated showing maximum adsorption capacitiy of 1.47 mmol/g, for COF-1, closely followed by COF@BN at 1.40 mmol/g, underscoring the preserved sorption capabilities of these materials. These findings demonstrate the promise of designed COF-based hybrids for gas capture, separation, and environmental remediation applications. Full article
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28 pages, 3203 KiB  
Article
From Pollutant Removal to Renewable Energy: MoS2-Enhanced P25-Graphene Photocatalysts for Malathion Degradation and H2 Evolution
by Cristian Martínez-Perales, Abniel Machín, Pedro J. Berríos-Rolón, Paola Sampayo, Enrique Nieves, Loraine Soto-Vázquez, Edgard Resto, Carmen Morant, José Ducongé, María C. Cotto and Francisco Márquez
Materials 2025, 18(11), 2602; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112602 - 3 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1190
Abstract
The widespread presence of pesticides—especially malathion—in aquatic environments presents a major obstacle to conventional remediation strategies, while the ongoing global energy crisis underscores the urgency of developing renewable energy sources such as hydrogen. In this context, photocatalytic water splitting emerges as a promising [...] Read more.
The widespread presence of pesticides—especially malathion—in aquatic environments presents a major obstacle to conventional remediation strategies, while the ongoing global energy crisis underscores the urgency of developing renewable energy sources such as hydrogen. In this context, photocatalytic water splitting emerges as a promising approach, though its practical application remains limited by poor charge carrier dynamics and insufficient visible-light utilization. Herein, we report the design and evaluation of a series of TiO2-based ternary nanocomposites comprising commercial P25 TiO2, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), with MoS2 loadings ranging from 1% to 10% by weight. The photocatalysts were fabricated via a two-step method: hydrothermal integration of rGO into P25 followed by solution-phase self-assembly of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets. The composites were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was assessed through two key applications: the degradation of malathion (20 mg/L) under simulated solar irradiation and hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of sacrificial agents. Quantification was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD). Results showed that the integration of rGO significantly enhanced surface area and charge mobility, while MoS2 served as an effective co-catalyst, promoting interfacial charge separation and acting as an active site for hydrogen evolution. Nearly complete malathion degradation (~100%) was achieved within two hours, and hydrogen production reached up to 6000 µmol g−1 h−1 under optimal MoS2 loading. Notably, photocatalytic performance declined with higher MoS2 content due to recombination effects. Overall, this work demonstrates the synergistic enhancement provided by rGO and MoS2 in a stable P25-based system and underscores the viability of such ternary nanocomposites for addressing both environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis: Where We Are and Where We Go)
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15 pages, 5502 KiB  
Article
Thermophysical Enhancement of Graphene Oxide-Enhanced Quaternary Nitrate for Concentrated Solar Power Applications
by Yingchun Wang, Haonan Zhang, Hantao Liu, Hong Hou, Yonghong Guo and Wenrui Chang
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102607 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 391
Abstract
With the continuous progress of global renewable energy, the reliability of the performance of heat storage materials is becoming increasingly important. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was used as an additive to investigate its influence on the heat storage performance of quaternary [...] Read more.
With the continuous progress of global renewable energy, the reliability of the performance of heat storage materials is becoming increasingly important. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was used as an additive to investigate its influence on the heat storage performance of quaternary nitrate molten salt. Quaternary nitrate molten salts doped in different proportions of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.% were prepared by the high-temperature hot melting method, and their properties were characterized in detail. The results show that the optimal concentration value of graphene oxide nanosheets is 1.0 wt.%, at which point the thermal parameters such as the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the molten salt are optimal. Meanwhile, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis tests verified the enhanced effect of the thermal performance. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated that the insertion and encapsulation of nanosheets in the channel structure between nitrate crystals were effective. The modification methods used in this paper can enhance the thermophysical properties of nitrates. Meanwhile, the methods proposed in this paper can provide new ideas for the practice of heat-requiring systems. Full article
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12 pages, 6465 KiB  
Article
Graphene-Based Organic Semiconductor Film for Highly Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
by Yanghong Xu, Haopeng Tang, Yifei Wang, Xiaofeng Zhu and Long Yang
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(9), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15090677 - 29 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 539
Abstract
Mimicking artificial photosynthesis utilizing solar energy for the production of high-value chemicals is a sustainable strategy to tackle the fossil fuel-based energy crisis and mitigate the greenhouse effect. In this study, we developed a two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO)–diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) film photocatalyst. GO [...] Read more.
Mimicking artificial photosynthesis utilizing solar energy for the production of high-value chemicals is a sustainable strategy to tackle the fossil fuel-based energy crisis and mitigate the greenhouse effect. In this study, we developed a two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO)–diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) film photocatalyst. GO nanosheets facilitate the uniform dispersion of DPP nanoparticles (~5 nm) while simultaneously constructing an efficient charge transport network to mitigate carrier recombination. Under visible-light irradiation in an aqueous solution without sacrificial agents, the optimized GO–DPP50 film catalyst exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a CO production rate of 32.62 μmol·g⁻1·h⁻1 with nearly 100% selectivity. This represents 2.77-fold and 3.28-fold enhancements over pristine GO (8.65 μmol·g−1·h−1) and bare DPP (7.62 μmol·g−1·h−1), respectively. Mechanistic analysis reveals a synergistic mechanism. The 2D GO framework not only serves as a high-surface-area substrate for DPP anchoring, but also substantially suppresses charge recombination through rapid electron transport channels. Concurrently, the uniformly distributed DPP nanoparticles improve visible-light absorption efficiency and facilitate effective photogenerated carrier excitation. This work establishes a novel paradigm for the synergistic integration of 2D nanomaterials with organic semiconductors, providing critical design principles for developing high-performance film-based photocatalysts and selectivity control in CO2 reduction applications. Full article
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14 pages, 3125 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Improvement of Graphene Oxide Film via the Synergy of Intercalating Highly Oxidized Graphene Oxide and Borate Bridging
by Yiwei Quan, Peng He and Guqiao Ding
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(8), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15080630 - 20 Apr 2025
Viewed by 429
Abstract
Converting graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into high-performance paper-like GO films has significant practical value. However, it is still challenging because the mechanical properties significantly decreased when the nanosheets are assembled into films. The simultaneous attainment of high tensile strength, high modulus, and relatively [...] Read more.
Converting graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into high-performance paper-like GO films has significant practical value. However, it is still challenging because the mechanical properties significantly decreased when the nanosheets are assembled into films. The simultaneous attainment of high tensile strength, high modulus, and relatively high toughness remains a formidable challenge. Here, we demonstrated an effective approach involving the incorporation of high oxidized graphene oxide (HOGO) and borate, to enhance the mechanical properties of GO films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) revealed the synergistic effects of hydrogen and covalent bonding from HOGO and borate, respectively. Additionally, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis indicated a notable enhancement in the orientation of the GO in the resulting films, characterized by the Herman’s orientation factor (ƒ = 0.927), attributable to the combined action of hydrogen and covalent bonding. The borate-crosslinked GO+HOGO films exhibited exceptional mechanical properties, with an impressive strength (417.2 MPa), high modulus (43.8 GPa), and relatively high toughness (2.5 MJ m−3). This innovative assembly strategy presents a promising avenue for achieving desirable mechanical properties, thereby enhancing the potential for commercial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Carbon-Based Materials)
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16 pages, 2942 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Sensor Based on DNA Aptamers Immobilized on V2O5/rGO Nanocomposite for the Sensitive Detection of Hg(II)
by Mahesh A. Takte, Shubham S. Patil, Akash V. Fulari, Tibor Hianik and Mahendra D. Shirsat
Sensors 2025, 25(7), 2334; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25072334 - 7 Apr 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 843
Abstract
We developed a sensor consisting of V2O5 nanorods and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (V2O5/rGO) with immobilized DNA aptamers (Apt-NH@V2O5/rGO) for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Hg (II). The V2 [...] Read more.
We developed a sensor consisting of V2O5 nanorods and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite (V2O5/rGO) with immobilized DNA aptamers (Apt-NH@V2O5/rGO) for the sensitive electrochemical detection of Hg (II). The V2O5 nanorods anchored on rGO nanosheets were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite was analyzed by various powerful physical methods that include X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FE-SEM of V2O5 disclosed the nanorod-like structure and uniform anchoring of V2O5 on the rGO nanosheet. Moreover, the BET results showed that the V2O5/rGO nanocomposite possesses excellent porosity. Furthermore, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with Apt-NH@V2O5/rGO and used for the electrochemical detection of Hg(II) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The aptasensor exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward Hg(II) detection, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.57 nM, which is below the maximum permissible limit established by WHO for rivers (30 nM). The sensor also exhibited significant stability and good repeatability. Full article
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19 pages, 4948 KiB  
Article
Five-Cavity Resonance Inspired, rGO Nano-Sheet Reinforced, Multi-Site Voice Synergetic Detection Hydrogel Sensors with Diverse Self-Adhesion and Robust Wireless Transmissibility
by Yue Wu, Kewei Zhao, Jingliu Wang, Chunhui Li, Xubao Jiang, Yudong Wang and Xiangling Gu
Gels 2025, 11(4), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11040233 - 23 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 559
Abstract
The practical application of flexible sensors in sound detection is significantly hindered by challenges such as information isolation, fragmentation, and low fidelity. To address these challenges, this work developed a composite hydrogel via a one-pot method, employing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the first [...] Read more.
The practical application of flexible sensors in sound detection is significantly hindered by challenges such as information isolation, fragmentation, and low fidelity. To address these challenges, this work developed a composite hydrogel via a one-pot method, employing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the first network, polyacrylic acid (PAA) as the second network, and two-dimensional nanomaterials—reduced graphene oxide (rGO)—generated through the redox reaction of polydopamine (PDA) and graphene oxide (GO) as conductive fillers. The uniformly distributed rGO within the hydrogel forms an efficient conductive network, endowing the material with high sensitivity (GF = 0.64), excellent conductivity (8.15 S m−1), rapid response time (350 ms), and outstanding stability. The synergistic interaction between PDA and PAA modulates the hydrogel’s adhesion (0.89 kPa), enabling conformal attachment to skin surfaces. The designed rGO@PVA-PAA hydrogel-based flexible sensor effectively monitors vibrations across diverse frequencies originating from five vocal cavities (head, nasal, oral, laryngeal, and thoracic cavities) during singing. Integrated with multi-position synchronization and Bluetooth wireless sensing technologies, the system achieves coordinated and efficient monitoring of multiple vocal cavities. Furthermore, the hydrogel sensor demonstrates versatility in detecting physiological signals, including electrocardiograms, subtle vibrations, and multi-scale body movements, highlighting its broad applicability in biomedical and motion-sensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications)
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12 pages, 7007 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performance of P-Doped MoS2/rGO Composites for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
by Wenjun Zhu, Bofeng Zhang, Yao Yang, Minghai Zhao, Yuwen Fang, Yang Cui and Jian Tian
Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061205 - 7 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 667
Abstract
This study is based on the strategies of composite and element doping. Herein, P-MoS2/rGO materials were synthesized using a solvent-assisted hydrothermal method. The MoS2 nanosheets were uniformly and vertically grown on rGO; meanwhile, the optimized structure of MoS2 was [...] Read more.
This study is based on the strategies of composite and element doping. Herein, P-MoS2/rGO materials were synthesized using a solvent-assisted hydrothermal method. The MoS2 nanosheets were uniformly and vertically grown on rGO; meanwhile, the optimized structure of MoS2 was achieved by P doping, resulting in improved catalytic performance and structural stability. Under alkaline conditions, the P-MoS2/rGO catalyst exhibits good electrocatalytic activity, demonstrating a Tafel slope of 70.7 mV dec−1 and an overpotential of 172.8 mV at 10 mA/cm2. Notably, even after 3000 consecutive LSV tests, the curves still show a high degree of overlap, indicating exceptional stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Materials in Energy Storage and Conversion—Second Edition)
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16 pages, 3941 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthesis of Sandwich-Type Porous Structured Ni(OH)2/NCNWs/rGO Composite for High Performance Supercapacitor
by Xiaosen Duan, Mingyu Dou, Lingyang Liu, Long Zhang, Xianrui Bai, Ruixin Yang, Hengyi Wang and Jianmin Dou
Molecules 2025, 30(5), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30051119 - 28 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 704
Abstract
Nickel hydroxide has ultra-high energy storage capacity in supercapacitors, but poor electrical conductivity limits their further application. The use of graphene to improve its conductivity is an effective measure, but how to suppress the stacking of graphene and improve the overall performance of [...] Read more.
Nickel hydroxide has ultra-high energy storage capacity in supercapacitors, but poor electrical conductivity limits their further application. The use of graphene to improve its conductivity is an effective measure, but how to suppress the stacking of graphene and improve the overall performance of composite materials has become a new challenge. In this work, a well-designed substrate of N-doped carbon nanowires with reduced graphene oxide (NCNWs/rGO) was fabricated by growing polypyrrole (PPy) nanowires between GO nanosheets layers and then calcining them at high temperatures. This NCNWs/rGO substrate can effectively avoid the stacking of rGO nanosheets, and provides sufficient sites for the subsequent in situ growth of Ni(OH)2, forming a uniform and stable Ni(OH)2/NCNWs/rGO composite material. Benefiting from the abundant pores, high specific surface area (107.2 m2 g−1), and conductive network throughout the NCNWs/rGO substrate, the deposited Ni(OH)2 can not only realize an ultra-high loading ratio, but also exposes more active surfaces (221.3 m2 g−1). After a comprehensive electrochemical test, it was found that the Ni(OH)2/NCNWs/rGO positive materials have a high specific capacitance of 2016.6 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1, and exhibit significantly better stability. The assembled Ni(OH)2/NCNWs/rGO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor could achieve a high energy density of 85.2 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 381 W kg−1. In addition, the asymmetric supercapacitor has excellent stability and could retain 70.1% of initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using NCNWs/rGO substrate to construct high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials, and it is also expected to be promoted in other active composite materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Electrochemistry)
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18 pages, 4080 KiB  
Article
Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Typical PPCPs onto Novel Cyclodextrin–Graphene Oxide Composite Adsorbent in Aqueous Solutions
by Ziyang Zhang, Wenhui Wang, Fangyuan Liu, Hongrui Chen, Xiaoran Zhang, Chaohong Tan and Yongwei Gong
Water 2025, 17(4), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17040590 - 18 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 670
Abstract
A novel β-cyclodextrin–graphene oxide (β-CD/GO) composite adsorbent was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Removal efficiency and mechanisms of typical pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by the β-CD/GO composite were investigated in aqueous solutions. The results demonstrated that the β-CD/GO composite was successfully [...] Read more.
A novel β-cyclodextrin–graphene oxide (β-CD/GO) composite adsorbent was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Removal efficiency and mechanisms of typical pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by the β-CD/GO composite were investigated in aqueous solutions. The results demonstrated that the β-CD/GO composite was successfully formed through cross-linking between β-CD and GO nanosheets, exhibiting enriched hydroxyl groups, a porous layered structure, and good thermal stability. The adsorption of cimetidine (CTD), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and diclofenac (DCF) onto the β-CD/GO composite was well described by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, and Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities of CTD, SMZ, and DCF onto the β-CD/GO composite were 58.86, 35.62, and 29.11 mg g−1 at 298 K, respectively. The adsorption process was rapid and reached equilibrium after 6 h. The adsorption followed a monolayer mechanism and was an exothermic process. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH values and ion concentrations. The β-CD/GO composite exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 17.69, 16.96, and 16.23 mg g−1 for CTD, SMZ, and DCF, respectively, under a pH of 4 with a dosage of 1.0 g/L at 298 K for 6 h. Due to the combined impacts of electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and host–guest interaction, the adsorption of PPCPs onto β-CD/GO composite was fast and efficient. β-CD/GO composite exhibited superior adsorption efficacy and structural stability, which highlighted its promising application in the elimination of micropollutants from aqueous solutions. Full article
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14 pages, 4058 KiB  
Article
Homogeneous Aptasensor with Electrochemical and Electrochemiluminescence Dual Detection Channels Enabled by Nanochannel-Based Probe Enrichment and DNase I Cleavage for Tumor Biomarker Detection
by Jiong Gao, Shiyue Zhang and Fengna Xi
Molecules 2025, 30(3), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30030746 - 6 Feb 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1041
Abstract
Homogeneous aptasensors that eliminate the need for probe labeling or immobilization hold significant potential for the rapid detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, a homogeneous aptasensor with electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual detection channels was developed by integrating nanochannel-based probe enrichment and DNase [...] Read more.
Homogeneous aptasensors that eliminate the need for probe labeling or immobilization hold significant potential for the rapid detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, a homogeneous aptasensor with electrochemical (EC) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) dual detection channels was developed by integrating nanochannel-based probe enrichment and DNase I cleavage for selective detection of the tumor biomarker, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125). A two-dimensional (2D) composite probe was prepared by assembling the CA125-specific aptamer and the cationic probe tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II) (Ru(bpy)32+), which exhibited both EC and ECL properties, onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (Ru(bpy)32+/Apt@GO). A vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) with ultrasmall, uniform, and vertically aligned nanochannel arrays was rapidly grown on the inexpensive and disposable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, forming the detection interface. Due to the size exclusion effect of the ultrasmall nanochannels in VMSF, the Ru(bpy)32+/Apt@GO probe was unable to penetrate the nanochannels, resulting in no detectable Ru(bpy)32+ signal on the electrode. Upon specific recognition of CA125 by the aptamer, an aptamer-CA125 complex was formed and subsequently detached from GO. DNase I then cleaved the aptamer-CA125 complex, releasing CA125 and allowing Ru(bpy)32+ to dissociate into the solution. This enzymatic cleavage enabled CA125 to re-enter the binding cycle, amplifying the release of Ru(bpy)32+ into the solution. The electrostatic adsorption of the cationic Ru(bpy)32+ by VMSF significantly enhanced both the EC and ECL signals. The constructed aptasensor exhibited a linear EC detection range for CA125 from 0.1 U/mL to 100 ng/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 91 mU/mL. For ECL detection, CA125 was detected over a range from 0.001 to 100 U/mL, with a LOD as low as 0.4 mU/mL. The developed aptasensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and was successfully applied to the dual-mode EC/ECL detection of CA125 in fetal bovine serum samples. Full article
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16 pages, 6843 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Silver Molybdate-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Using Ionic Liquids for High-Performance Energy Storage Application: A Greener Approach
by Catherin Meena Boominathan, Zouhaier Aloui, Manickam Selvaraj, Annasaheb V. Moholkar, Chelliah Koventhan, An-Ya Lo and Yi-Jen Huang
Processes 2025, 13(2), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020327 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1119
Abstract
Achieving high energy density while maintaining high power density and long cycle life in supercapacitors, particularly in supercapatteries (SCs), through a thermally stable, greener ionic liquid approach remains a significant challenge for an advanced energy storage application. In this work, we prepared high [...] Read more.
Achieving high energy density while maintaining high power density and long cycle life in supercapacitors, particularly in supercapatteries (SCs), through a thermally stable, greener ionic liquid approach remains a significant challenge for an advanced energy storage application. In this work, we prepared high conductive and high charge storage capability bimetallic transition metal molybdate [Ag2Mo2O7 (AgM)], synergistic with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated on nickel foam (AgM/rGO/NF). The physio-chemical characterization revealed a ball-like cluster morphology wrapped in rGO nanosheets and a spinel-type cubic structure using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) displays and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Further, the electrochemical performance of AgM/rGO/NF electrode achieved a remarkable specific Csp value of 573.63 F/g at a current density of 1.0 A/g in 3 M KOH electrolyte. An asymmetric SCs (ASCs) device was fabricated using AgM/rGO/NF as the positive and rGO as the negative electrodes, achieving a wide potential window of 1.3 V. The ASC demonstrated an energy density of 16.71 Wh/kg at a power density of 642.98 W/kg, highlighting AgM/rGO/NF’s potential as an advanced electrode material for energy storage applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Applications)
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11 pages, 3482 KiB  
Brief Report
Easy One-Pot Decoration of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets by Green Silver Nanoparticles
by Ileana Ielo, Federica De Gaetano, Elpida Piperopoulos, Giovanna De Luca and Sabrina Conoci
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020713 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1183
Abstract
In this study, we developed a facile one-pot synthesis of a nanocomposite consisting of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) growing over graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes (AgNPs@GO). The process consists of the in situ formation of AgNPs in the presence of GO nanosheets via the spontaneous [...] Read more.
In this study, we developed a facile one-pot synthesis of a nanocomposite consisting of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) growing over graphene oxide (GO) nanoflakes (AgNPs@GO). The process consists of the in situ formation of AgNPs in the presence of GO nanosheets via the spontaneous decomposition of silver(I) acetylacetonate (Ag(acac)) after dissolution in water. This protocol is compared to an ex situ approach where AgNPs are added to a waterborne GO nanosheet suspension to account for any attractive interaction between preformed nanomaterials. The systems under investigation are characterized by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential (Z-Pot), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The stability of the AgNPs@GO composite suspension is tested as a function of GO concentration (0–67 μg/mL) while maintaining a constant Ag content (14.4 μg/mL), exhibiting excellent stability over time up to an Ag-to-GO mass ratio of 0.58. Full article
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