Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that mediate diverse cellular processes, including signalling, survival, proliferation, immune response and metabolism, through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in response to...
Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as active participants of synaptic communication, yet their role in the basal ganglia circuitry remains poorly defined. Emerging evidence indicates that astrocytes in this region express a diverse array of neuro...
Background: The insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R), also known as the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR), is emerging as a critical receptor for brain function and disease. IGF-2R, in fact, plays a key role in long-...
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) channels represent one of the seven subfamilies of TRP receptors and are widely expressed throughout the human body where they play pivotal roles in various physiological processes. In the gastrointestina...
Injury to tissue induces the normal wound healing process to repair damage. This is a normal and critical response developed by the body to maintain short-term organ function, and therefore, survival. Should this process become aberrant, then fibrosi...
Cannabinoids, compounds that interact with the endocannabinoid system, have shown promising neuroprotective effects in various neurodegenerative diseases, including those affecting the retina. This review evaluates evidence for the presence and actio...
Both primary and secondary hemostasis consist of finely regulated pathways, forming a blood clot to stop bleeding. These orchestrated mechanisms involve multiple plasma- and platelet/endothelial-derived receptors, factors, enzymes, and proteins, such...
Background: PIEZO channels are mechanoreceptors expressed in various cells. Their contributions to animal development are not entirely clear. According to the physical distortion hypothesis, developmental organizers for butterfly wing eyespots receiv...
Adipocyte cell models are essential for investigating adipogenesis, yet methodological inconsistencies pose challenges to obtaining reproducible and physiologically relevant results. Murine cell lines, such as 3T3-L1 and OP9, are commonly utilized du...
Background: HER1 and HER2 are critical receptors involved in tumorigenesis and the development of targeted therapies for various carcinomas. However, most antibodies and drugs currently in development do not recognize murine orthologs, which restrict...
Background/Objectives: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can promote ligand-biased signaling, yet the mechanisms that promote bias are not well understood. We have shown that C-C Chemokine Ligand 19 (CCL19) and CCL21 promote ligand-biased internali...
Mutations in hormone receptors significantly influence infertility and the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). This review explores the functional interplay among mutations in FSHR, LHCGR, AR, ESR1, and ESR2 hormone receptors and th...
Boron-containing compounds (BCCs) have emerged as potential drugs. Their drug-like effects are mainly explained by their mechanisms of action in enzymes. Nowadays, some experimental data support the effects of specific BCCs on GPCRs, provided there a...
Dictyostelium discoideum (Dicty) is a type of unicellular amoeba, but when starved, a large number of amoebas gather together to form a multicellular organism. In this review, we first introduce our cellular dynamics method for Dicty, including intra...
Skeletal muscle aging, or sarcopenia, involves progressive muscle mass and function loss, which limits mobility and independence in elderly populations. This decline is driven by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, all of...
Background: The development of cerebral organoids created from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture may greatly improve the discovery of neuropsychiatric medicines. Methods: In the current study we differentiated neural organoids from a human p...
Odorant receptors (ORs) constitute the largest family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with nearly 400 receptors identified in humans. The “omics” era has revealed an unexpected expression of ORs beyond olfactory tissues. For many...
Background/Objectives: Gelsolin (GSN) is an actin-binding protein that helps maintain neuronal structure and shape, regulates neuronal growth, and apoptosis. Our previous work demonstrated that GSN associated with estrogen receptor beta (ERβ1) i...
Bioelectric membrane potentials regulate cellular growth, differentiation, and movement. Disruptions in bioelectric signaling are strongly linked to cancer development, as abnormal membrane potentials and ion channel activity can drive tumor progress...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor among breast cancer subtypes with much lower overall survival at metastasis compared to other subtypes and with limited treatment options due to a lack of targeted therapies. This has led to...
Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) severely hinders cognitive function in the hippocampus (HP) and subiculum (SUB), impacting the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) such as the α7-subtype. To investigate...
Background: Detecting intracellular diffusion dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution is critical for understanding the complex molecular mechanisms that govern viral infection, drug delivery, and sustained receptor signaling within cellular com...
The body’s physiology during physical injuries and diseases depends heavily on the function of acute inflammation. On the other hand, many variables, including iatrogenic, immune system deficiencies, lifestyle, and social and environmental fact...
The retinal network relies on glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter involved in the visual cycle. Glutamate transactions are carried out by an array of distinct receptors and transporters distributed across both pre- and post-synaptic ne...
Background: External guide sequences (EGSs) are small RNA molecules capable of hybridizing to a target mRNA and rendering the target RNA susceptible to degradation by ribonuclease P (RNase P), a tRNA processing enzyme. Methods: In this study, natural...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), including dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and exenatide, are effective treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. These agents mimic the action of the endogenous incretin g...
The increased prevalence of electronic cigarettes, particularly among adolescents, has escalated concerns about nicotine addiction. Nicotine, a potent psychostimulant found in tobacco products, exerts its effects by interacting with nicotinic acetylc...
Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 3 (LPA3) is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological actions of this bioactive lipid, particularly in cancer. The actions of LPA and oleoyl-methoxy glycerophosphothionate (OMPT) were compa...
Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule considered to be a protagonist in the dilation of blood vessels, and its property and/or bioavailability are reduced in pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, its...
Work with novel indicators that report intracellular ATP concentrations with improved spatial and temporal resolution have challenged the current consensus that under physiological conditions, intracellular ATP concentrations are not rate-limiting to...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass various molecular oxygen derivatives naturally produced during aerobic metabolism, including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Excessive ROS production leads to oxidative distress, ca...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among men globally. In addition to environmental risk factors, genetic factors play a crucial role in its development and progression, highlighting the regulation of key genes as an essential aspect....
Amino acid transporters play pivotal roles in cancer biology, including in urological cancers. Among them, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), and cystine-glutamate transporter (xCT) have garnered si...
Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane-anchored protein containing three N-glycosylated residues at the N47, N139, and N179 termini. These glycosylation sites have been reported to be crucial for the recept...
This review focuses on the pivotal roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in driving endocrine resistance in prostate and breast cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor (AR) amplification, mutations, and altered coactivator interactions sustai...
This review article explores the fundamental role of receptor targeting in overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy, an area of critical concern given the persistently high rates of cancer morbidity and mortality globally. We highlight how recept...
Post-translational protein modifications (PTMs) significantly enhance the functional diversity of proteins and are therefore important for the expansion and the dynamics of the cell’s proteome. In addition to structurally simpler PTMs, substrat...
Chronic skin wounds are estimated to affect 6.5 million patients in the US, at a cost of over USD 25 billion. Efforts to prevent and/or treat such wounds will result in reduced morbidity and economic losses. This project is focused on the role of vit...
Human endocannabinoid signaling is primarily mediated by the cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors have been linked to a variety of physiological processes and are being pursued as prospect...
Overweight and obesity are global health and economic concerns. This disease can affect every system of the human body and can lead to complications such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension...
Receptor-targeted drug delivery has been extensively explored for active targeting of therapeutic moiety in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the receptors that are overexpressed on tumor cells and have the potential to be targeted by nano...
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. LXRα is predominantly expressed in metabolic tissues, whereas LXRβ is ubiquitously expressed. Upon ligand binding, they reg...
For humans to explore and colonize the universe, both engineering and physiological obstacles must be successfully addressed. A major physiological problem is that humans lose bone rapidly in microgravity. Understanding the underlying mechanisms for...
Insect-transmitted plant viruses are a major threat to global agricultural crop production. Receptors play a prominent role in the interplay between host-pathogen and vector interaction. The virus–vector relationship involves both viral and vec...
The high incidence of cancer and the prevalence of chemoresistance are serious problems worldwide, underscoring the urgency of novel research focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms and finding new therapeutic targets. Recently, the G prot...
The constant use of alcoholic beverages can deregulate serotonin levels, affecting neurotransmitters and triggering symptoms of anxiety. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the anxiolytic potential and possible action mechanis...
Estrogen receptor (ER) β (ERβ) is the second ER subtype that mediates the effects of estrogen in target tissues along with ERα that represents a validated biomarker and target for endocrine therapy in breast cancer. ERα was the...
Understanding the intricate role of dopamine D1–D5 receptors is pivotal in addressing the challenges posed by the aging global population, as well as by social stress and advancing therapeutic interventions. Central to diverse brain functions s...
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a diverse group of neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells, presenting varied clinical behaviors and posing significant challenges in management. This review explores the emerging roles of receptor tyros...
Recent research has emphasized the potential of natural and synthetic cannabinoids as anticancer agents. Yet it remains unclear whether and in which sense cannabinoids affect the anticancer activity of NK cells, an important branch of anticancer immu...
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