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Volume 12
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10.3390/horticulturae12010058
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Article

Variability and Permanency: Variation in the Density of Leaf Glandular Trichomes and Terpene Composition in Mentha spicata var. crispa (Benth.) Danert and M. × piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq

by
Anna Vladimirovna Shirokova
1,*,
Maria Sergeevna Plykina
2,
Alexander Olegovich Ruzhitskiy
1,
Ludmila Alekseevna Limantceva
2,
Sergey Leonidovich Belopukhov
3,
Valeria Lvovna Dmitrieva
3,
Raisa Musaevna Khatsaeva
2,
Sofya Arsenovna Dzhatdoeva
1,
Andrey Nikolaevich Tsitsilin
4 and
Natalia Nikolaevna Butorina
2,*
1
Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
2
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow 119071, Russia
3
Department of Chemistry, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Agricultural Academy Named After K.A. Timiryazev (RSAU-MTAA), Timiryazevskaya 49, Moscow 127434, Russia
4
Botanical Garden of All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Grin Str. 7/1, Moscow 117216, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Horticulturae 2026, 12(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010058 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 November 2025 / Revised: 26 December 2025 / Accepted: 30 December 2025 / Published: 1 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tolerance of Horticultural Plants to Abiotic Stresses)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) of Mentha spicata var. crispa (Benth.) Danert and M. × piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. and EO components are widely used in medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, hygiene products, the food industry, and other fields, and have a high commercial value. The variety Mentha spicata var. crispa is also used as an ornamental plant due to its distinctive curled leaves. Studying the influence of growing conditions and harvest timing on EO yield and the major compound concentrations is one of the key research directions for Mentha species, aimed at the ascertainment of the ways of increasing EO production and quality. Gas chromatography analysis of the component composition of EOs from leaves of Mentha spicata var. crispa “Kurchavaya” (MscK) showed that it remained stable both in July and September, with carvone predominating (81% and 85%, respectively). In contrast, the EO composition from M. × piperita var. citrata “Apelsinovaya” (MpcA) leaves changed in the course of the vegetation period. In July, menthofuran dominated (30%), while in September, linalool and its acetate were predominant (34% and 47%, respectively), which was typical for this chemotype. At the same time, the content of EOs and the density of glandular trichomes (GTs) (the OE storage sites) in MscK were higher in July and decreased by September, whereas in MpcA, both EO content and the number of GTs increased from July to September. These changes may have been caused by temperature fluctuations. Thus, MscK proved to be more resistant to environmental factors than MpcA.
Keywords: bergamot mint; spearmint; essential oil; carvone; menthofuran; linalool; capitate glandular trichomes bergamot mint; spearmint; essential oil; carvone; menthofuran; linalool; capitate glandular trichomes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shirokova, A.V.; Plykina, M.S.; Ruzhitskiy, A.O.; Limantceva, L.A.; Belopukhov, S.L.; Dmitrieva, V.L.; Khatsaeva, R.M.; Dzhatdoeva, S.A.; Tsitsilin, A.N.; Butorina, N.N. Variability and Permanency: Variation in the Density of Leaf Glandular Trichomes and Terpene Composition in Mentha spicata var. crispa (Benth.) Danert and M. × piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. Horticulturae 2026, 12, 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010058

AMA Style

Shirokova AV, Plykina MS, Ruzhitskiy AO, Limantceva LA, Belopukhov SL, Dmitrieva VL, Khatsaeva RM, Dzhatdoeva SA, Tsitsilin AN, Butorina NN. Variability and Permanency: Variation in the Density of Leaf Glandular Trichomes and Terpene Composition in Mentha spicata var. crispa (Benth.) Danert and M. × piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. Horticulturae. 2026; 12(1):58. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010058

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shirokova, Anna Vladimirovna, Maria Sergeevna Plykina, Alexander Olegovich Ruzhitskiy, Ludmila Alekseevna Limantceva, Sergey Leonidovich Belopukhov, Valeria Lvovna Dmitrieva, Raisa Musaevna Khatsaeva, Sofya Arsenovna Dzhatdoeva, Andrey Nikolaevich Tsitsilin, and Natalia Nikolaevna Butorina. 2026. "Variability and Permanency: Variation in the Density of Leaf Glandular Trichomes and Terpene Composition in Mentha spicata var. crispa (Benth.) Danert and M. × piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq" Horticulturae 12, no. 1: 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010058

APA Style

Shirokova, A. V., Plykina, M. S., Ruzhitskiy, A. O., Limantceva, L. A., Belopukhov, S. L., Dmitrieva, V. L., Khatsaeva, R. M., Dzhatdoeva, S. A., Tsitsilin, A. N., & Butorina, N. N. (2026). Variability and Permanency: Variation in the Density of Leaf Glandular Trichomes and Terpene Composition in Mentha spicata var. crispa (Benth.) Danert and M. × piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. Horticulturae, 12(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae12010058

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