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Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 1364

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Where fluid flows, fluid machinery works. Therefore, fluid machinery occupies an important position in the social economy. As classic power machinery, there is a complex flow structure in fluid machinery. An in-depth study of the internal hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery can effectively improve its efficiency and operational stability. Therefore, we are looking forward to receiving original contributions to this Special Issue on Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, on topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using theoretical analysis;
  • Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using numerical calculations;
  • Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using experimental methods;
  • Fluid–structural coupling analysis of fluid machinery;
  • Cavitation and multi-phase flow of fluid machinery;
  • New energy systems, simulation, and optimization;
  • Other aspects of fluid machinery.

Prof. Dr. Chuan Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydraulics
  • hydrodynamics
  • pumps
  • compressors
  • turbo-machinery system
  • fans and blowers
  • hydro-turbine
  • propulsion
  • jet
  • cavitation and multi-phase flow
  • renewable energy
  • optimization

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 7796 KB  
Article
Numerical and Experimental Study of Submerged Impinging Jet Using Different Turbulence Models
by Li Zhang, Rong Lin, Chuan Wang, Yangfan Peng, Guohui Li and Jiawei Fan
Water 2026, 18(9), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18091012 - 23 Apr 2026
Viewed by 711
Abstract
This study numerically investigates the flow characteristics of submerged impinging jets at a standoff distance of H/d = 3. The computational analysis is performed utilizing large eddy simulation (LES) alongside the one-equation Wray-Agarwal and the two-equation SST k-ω and [...] Read more.
This study numerically investigates the flow characteristics of submerged impinging jets at a standoff distance of H/d = 3. The computational analysis is performed utilizing large eddy simulation (LES) alongside the one-equation Wray-Agarwal and the two-equation SST k-ω and RNG k-ε turbulence models. The current work emphasizes the hydrodynamic structures developing in the unconfined jet region and the variations in flow behavior at the stagnation zone across a range of impact angles (θ ≤ 90°) at Re (Reynolds number) = 23,400. Compared with PIV data, the Wray-Agarwal model accurately predicts the free-jet flow, whereas the RNG k-ε model excels in the wall-jet region. As the impingement angle increases, the pressure distribution calculated by the LES method gradually approaches the experimental results. When the impinging angle θ = 90°, LES has high prediction accuracy in both regions. In general, under the grid scheme used in this study, RNG k-ε can make a more accurate prediction of the average characteristics of the submerged impinging jet flow field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 3rd Edition)
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28 pages, 9294 KB  
Article
Flow-Control with Fins for Hump Suppression in Pumped-Storage Pump-Turbines
by Minzhi Yang, Jian Shi, Yuwen Chen, Xiaoyan Sun, Tianjiao Xue, Wenwen Yao, Wenyang Zhang, Xinfeng Ge, Yuan Zheng and Changliang Ye
Water 2026, 18(7), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18070801 - 27 Mar 2026
Viewed by 381
Abstract
The development of renewable energy and the increasing demand for electricity underscore the importance of pumped storage for grid stability. Under low-flow pump operating conditions, pump-turbines frequently exhibit hump characteristics, causing severe hydraulic instability and strong pressure pulsations. This study investigates the formation [...] Read more.
The development of renewable energy and the increasing demand for electricity underscore the importance of pumped storage for grid stability. Under low-flow pump operating conditions, pump-turbines frequently exhibit hump characteristics, causing severe hydraulic instability and strong pressure pulsations. This study investigates the formation of a hump using full-channel numerical simulations based on the Scale-Adaptive Simulation turbulence model. The numerical flow–head characteristics were validated against the available experimental H–Q data, while the pressure pulsation results were used for qualitative mechanism analysis. The results reveal three major mechanisms: pre-swirl and spiral backflow in the draft tube, non-uniform runner inflow, and vortex flow-induced separation in the wicket gates. An analysis of entropy production reveals that vortex dissipation is responsible for as much as 71% of hydraulic losses in the hump region. In order to mitigate these effects, four stabilizing fins were installed inside the draft tube. The simulations indicate that the fins possess the capability to inhibit swirl and backflow, confine the vortices within the fin–runner interface, improve inflow uniformity and reduce overall hydraulic losses. As a result, the structural modification significantly attenuates the pressure pulsation amplitudes at key monitoring points and visibly shortens the recovery periods. The region of the hump and positive slope of the performance curve are considerably reduced while the head near the region of the hump is increased. Although the intrinsic hump characteristic is still present, the fin-based flow-control strategy can effectively improve the performance and stability of the pump-turbine, which can guide the design and optimization of high-efficiency pumped-storage plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 3rd Edition)
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