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Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition
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Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 2733

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chuan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
Interests: fluid machinery; optimization design of pumps; internal flow theory of pumps; interference mechanism of jet and rotating fluid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Where fluids flow, fluid machinery works. As such, it occupies an important position in the social economy. As classic power machinery, there is a complex flow structure in fluid machinery. An in-depth study of fluid machinery’s internal hydraulics and hydrodynamics can effectively improve its efficiency and operational stability. Therefore, we are looking forward to receiving original contributions to this Special Issue on “Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition”, on topics including but not limited to the following:

  • Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using theoretical analysis;
  • Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using numerical calculations;
  • Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using experimental methods;
  • Fluid–structural coupling analysis of fluid machinery;
  • Cavitation and multi-phase flow of fluid machinery;
  • New energy systems, simulation, and optimization;
  • Other aspects of fluid machinery.

Prof. Dr. Chuan Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydraulics
  • hydrodynamics
  • pumps
  • compressors
  • turbo-machinery system
  • fans and blowers
  • hydro-turbine
  • propulsion
  • jet
  • cavitation and multi-phase flow
  • renewable energy
  • optimization

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4491 KiB  
Article
CFD Investigation of Spray and Water Curtain Systems in Mine Ventilation: Airflow Paths, Velocity Variations, and Influence Patterns
by Cheng-Yan Wang, Yi-Ting Li, Han-Qing An and Le Fang
Water 2025, 17(11), 1600; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111600 - 25 May 2025
Viewed by 117
Abstract
This study reports a CFD investigation of spray-based dust suppression strategies in mining tunnels, focusing on the dynamic operation of roadheaders, onboard spraying systems, and water curtains. The simulations assess how these systems affect airflow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure variations under various [...] Read more.
This study reports a CFD investigation of spray-based dust suppression strategies in mining tunnels, focusing on the dynamic operation of roadheaders, onboard spraying systems, and water curtains. The simulations assess how these systems affect airflow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure variations under various operating conditions. The results indicate that cutterhead sprays produce conical dispersion patterns directed toward the rear of the tunnel under forced ventilation, while transfer point sprays establish localized zones of extended residence time, with stable droplet distributions achieved in 3.5 s. Spray activation markedly increases local air velocity, with peak values near the cutterhead rising from 0.88 m/s to 32.29 m/s. Meanwhile, water curtains, modeled as porous media, induce stepwise pressure drops from 186.89 Pa to 91.15 Pa. These findings underscore the distinct effects of spraying and water curtain systems on tunnel ventilation and offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of airflow control and dust suppression in underground mining environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 6981 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of Flow Characteristics Around Finite and Infinite Circular Cylinders at Subcritical Reynolds Numbers
by Peng Tang, Mingjie Hou, Wei Wang and Hongsheng Zhang
Water 2025, 17(3), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030292 - 21 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
This study numerically investigates the three-dimensional flow characteristics around circular cylinders of finite- and infinite-lengths under subcritical Reynolds numbers using the SST κ–ω turbulence model within OpenFOAM. The simulations were conducted for aspect ratios (ARs) of 2, 5, and 10 and Reynolds numbers [...] Read more.
This study numerically investigates the three-dimensional flow characteristics around circular cylinders of finite- and infinite-lengths under subcritical Reynolds numbers using the SST κ–ω turbulence model within OpenFOAM. The simulations were conducted for aspect ratios (ARs) of 2, 5, and 10 and Reynolds numbers (Re) of 1 × 104, 3 × 104, 5 × 104, and 1 × 105. Under infinite conditions, the drag coefficient (Cd) and lift coefficient (Cl) exhibit Cl ear transitions from steady to unsteady flow regimes as Re increases, driven by organized vortex shedding. For finite conditions, the presence of a free end significantly alters the flow, inducing strong three-dimensional effects such as high-velocity regions near the end surface and complex vortex structures. The Cd and Cl trends for finite cylinders show reduced values and slower convergence compared to infinite cases due to free end interference. Additionally, the vortex density near the fixed boundary intensifies with increasing Re. These findings provide a comparative understanding of flow dynamics in finite and infinite cases, offering insights into the design of offshore structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 22944 KiB  
Article
Design and Validation of a Testing Device for Sediment-Induced Erosion Based on Similarity Theory
by Yuanjiang Ma, Xiaosong Pang, Zhongquan Wang, Dong Huang, Xiaobing Liu, Yongzhong Zeng, Bing Yao, Jiayang Pang, Yuanyuan Gang, Yangyang Hu, Lijie Zhang and Haiqi Wang
Water 2025, 17(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17020222 - 15 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 563
Abstract
Sediment-induced erosion is a primary cause of failure in the flow-passage components of Francis turbine units. This study adopted the Realizable k–ε turbulence model to numerically simulate the effects of sediment-induced erosion on the guide components of Francis turbines. Specifically, using flow similarity [...] Read more.
Sediment-induced erosion is a primary cause of failure in the flow-passage components of Francis turbine units. This study adopted the Realizable k–ε turbulence model to numerically simulate the effects of sediment-induced erosion on the guide components of Francis turbines. Specifically, using flow similarity theory, a testing device suitable for studying the sediment-induced erosion behavior of turbine vanes was designed, and the similarity between the flow fields of actual vanes and testing device vanes was validated. The results revealed a high degree of consistency between the near-wall flow velocities and sediment volume fractions experienced by both vanes at 0.5 vane height. For instance, the midsection of the suction side of the stay and guide vanes exhibited relatively stable velocities of 12.5 m/s and 42 m/s, respectively. Further, sediment volume fractions at the leading edge of the stay and guide vanes reached 0.015, respectively, owing to the impact of sediment-laden flow. Overall, the proposed testing device design methodology can predict the operational lifespan of actual vanes and assess the wear resistance of various coating materials. These findings provide valuable scientific guidance for optimizing the design and operation of hydropower plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 6168 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Cavitation and Flow Characteristics of Axial Pumps
by Shuaishuai Lv, Lin Zhou, Weidong Shi, Linwei Tan, Yongfei Yang, Yu Zhu and Jiaqiao Zhang
Water 2025, 17(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010042 - 27 Dec 2024
Viewed by 696
Abstract
This study utilizes numerical calculations and experimental studies to analyze the cavitation characteristic law and performance of an agricultural irrigation axial flow pump with a specific rotational speed of 735 at 0.2Qopt–1.2Qopt operating conditions. The external characteristics and constant cavitation [...] Read more.
This study utilizes numerical calculations and experimental studies to analyze the cavitation characteristic law and performance of an agricultural irrigation axial flow pump with a specific rotational speed of 735 at 0.2Qopt–1.2Qopt operating conditions. The external characteristics and constant cavitation performance of the axial flow pump are simulated by using the SST k−ω turbulence model and Zwart cavitation model, and the corresponding performance curves are obtained. The results show that the highest efficiency point occurs at the 1.1Qopt condition, and the efficiency reaches 77.07%; the hump phenomenon occurs in the 0.6Qopt–0.8Qopt head curve, which is mainly caused by the fluid leakage due to the clearance at the top of the lobe. The critical cavitation margin (NPSH3) was determined to be 4.48 m, 4.36 m, and 4.09 m at 0.8Qopt, 1.0Qopt, and 1.2Qopt flow conditions, respectively. These findings suggest that cavitation is more probable at lower flow conditions. In circumstances where the inlet pressure is lower than the critical pressure, the phenomenon of cavitation manifests predominantly within the low-pressure region of the suction surface of the blade. This region encompasses the inlet rim and the area surrounding the maximum thickness. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for solving the cavitation problem of axial flow pumps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition)
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