Submit to Water Review for Water Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue
Related Special Issue
Published Papers

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2024) | Viewed by 15696

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chuan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
Interests: fluid machinery; optimization design of pumps; internal flow theory of pumps; interference mechanism of jet and rotating fluid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Bo Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: fluid machinery; flow and heat transfer; flow–structure coupling; multiphase flow
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Hui Quan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
Interests: fluid machinery; multiphase flow; optimal design

Dr. Yong Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
Interests: fluid machinery; intelligent control; signal processing; fault diagnosis; intelligent maintenance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Where fluid flows, fluid machinery works. Therefore, fluid machinery occupies an important position in the social economy. As classic power machinery, there is a complex flow structure in fluid machinery. An in-depth study of the internal hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery can effectively improve its efficiency and operational stability. Therefore, we are looking forward to receiving original contributions to this Special Issue on Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, on topics including, but not limited to:

Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using theoretical analysis;
Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using numerical calculations;
Hydraulics and hydrodynamics in fluid machinery using experimental methods;
Fluid–structural coupling analysis of fluid machinery;
Cavitation and multi-phase flow of fluid machinery;
New energy systems, simulation, and optimization;
Other aspects of fluid machinery.

Prof. Dr. Chuan Wang
Dr. Bo Hu
Prof. Dr. Hui Quan
Dr. Yong Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

hydraulics
hydrodynamics
pumps
compressors
turbo-machinery system
fans and blowers
hydro-turbine
propulsion
jet
cavitation and multi-phase flow
renewable energy
optimization

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery, 2nd Edition in Water (3 articles)

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 7128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transient Flow Characterization of Rotor–Stator Cavities in Two Through-Flow Modes: Centrifugal and Centripetal

by Yulong Yao, Chuan Wang, Yitong Wang, Jie Ge, Hao Chang, Li Zhang and Hao Li

Water 2024, 16(24), 3678; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243678 - 20 Dec 2024

Viewed by 668

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of roughness on the transient flow behavior in the chamber based on the performance requirements of the pump rotor–stator chamber, aiming to elucidate the mechanism of roughness in real operating conditions. Three-dimensional models under two types of flow (centrifugal and centripetal) are developed, and transient numerical analyses are performed through numerical simulation and experimental validation. The results show that roughness significantly accelerates turbulence development in centrifugal through-flow, particularly in the middle- and high-radius regions, increasing the turbulent kinetic energy by approximately 18% compared to smooth surfaces. Transient flow analyses indicate that roughness leads to an overall pressure drop of around 10% within the cavity while facilitating the formation of high-pressure zones near the rotor. In centrifugal flow, high-pressure regions develop rapidly in the high-radius area, resulting in a stepped pressure distribution with a peak pressure increase of 12% at the outermost radius. In centripetal flow, the pressure distribution remains more uniform, yet significant pressure rise trends emerge over time, with pressure increasing by 8% due to the presence of roughness. This study presents a systematic analysis of the effects of roughness on transient flow characteristics in rotor–stator cavities across two flow modes for the first time, providing valuable insights for optimizing pump design and performance under real-world conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 7776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Transient Flow in Rapidly Filled Closed Pipeline

by Kan Wang, You Fu and Jin Jiang

Water 2024, 16(17), 2377; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172377 - 24 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1106

Abstract

In this study, a one-dimensional mathematical model based on rigid theory is developed to evaluate the maximum water filling flow rate and filling time of closed pipeline water supply systems during rapid-filling processes. Polynomial fitting is utilized for prediction, and numerical simulation results are analyzed to understand the variations in maximum water filling flow rate, filling time, and pressure with respect to opening valve time, air valve area, filling head, and segmented filling pipe length. The findings highlight the significant impact of the filling head on the maximum water filling flow rate, while the filling time is predominantly influenced by the gas discharge coefficient. Rapid changes occur only at the initial stage of rapid filling, reaching the maximum value with a very high acceleration (around t = 4 s). It is observed that pressure fluctuations in the gas–liquid two-phase flow inside the pipeline lead to velocity differences and periodic changes in gas pressure opposite to the filling head. When the gas discharge coefficient reaches approximately 0.3, pressure variation within the water supply system diminishes, and the time and flow rate required for pipeline filling become independent of the discharge coefficient. This study suggests the use of a segmented filling approach to ensure the effectiveness and stability of pipeline filling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 7944 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on the Performance and Internal Flow Characteristics of Liquid–Gas Jet Pump with Square Nozzle

by Zhengqing Cao, Xuelong Yang, Xiao Xu, Chenbing Zhu, Daohang Zou, Qiwei Zhou, Kaiyue Fang, Xinchen Zhang and Jiegang Mou

Water 2024, 16(17), 2358; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172358 - 23 Aug 2024

Viewed by 894

Abstract

In order to ascertain the impact of working water flow rate and inlet pressure on the performance of the liquid–gas jet pump with square nozzle, the pumping volume ratio and efficiency of the liquid–gas jet pump with square nozzle were experimentally investigated at different inlet pressures and working water flow rates. Furthermore, the internal flow characteristics of the liquid–gas jet pump with square nozzle were explored through the utilization of visualization technology in the self-designed square-nozzle liquid–gas jet pump experimental setup. The findings indicate that the pumping ratio of the liquid–gas jet pump increases in conjunction with an elevation in the inlet pressure. Liquid–gas jet pump efficiency is higher at lower inlet pressures, up to 42.48%, and drops rapidly as inlet pressure increases. The pumping volume ratio of the liquid–gas jet pump increases significantly as the working water flow rate increases, and the working water flow rate exerts a minimal effect on the working efficiency of the liquid–gas jet pump. In the context of extreme vacuum conditions, a considerable number of droplets undergo substantial reflux in the posterior section of the throat, with a notable absence of bubbles in the diffusion tube. The size and number of bubbles diminish gradually along the axial direction. The objective of this paper is to provide a reference point for determining the optimal operational parameters for a square-nozzle liquid–gas jet pump in a practical context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 13412 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on the Hydraulic Performance of the Horizontal Main Drain of Building Drainage Systems Affected by Surfactants Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate and Alkyl Ethoxylate-9

by Shengjie Hu, Ping Xu and Bin Fu

Water 2024, 16(12), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121641 - 7 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1366

Abstract

Surfactants play a pivotal role in daily life owing to their commendable performance. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic notably escalated surfactant usage. Upon entering building drainage systems with wastewater, surfactants profoundly influence hydraulic performance, an aspect that has garnered limited scholarly attention. This study employs an equally proportioned drainage test device to meticulously examine the variances in physical properties between surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and alkyl ethoxylate-9 (AEO-9), and their repercussions on the hydraulic dynamics of building drainage horizontal main drains. Our findings reveal that the introduction of surfactants leads to the following: (1) an augmentation in water velocity and deposition distances of the solid simulant in the building drainage horizontal main drain with concentrations exacerbating this effect. The deposition distance of the solid simulation surged by up to 527% under experimental conditions compared to no surfactant; (2) there was a suppression of hydraulic jump and full degree of the horizontal main drain, with the concentration amplifying this suppression; and (3) an exacerbation of positive pressure in the horizontal main drain was found with increasing concentration, reaching a staggering 235.3% elevation compared to no surfactant. Moreover, SBDS foam outperformed AEO-9, demonstrating a 17.70–36.04% higher positive pressure in the horizontal main pipes. SBDS exhibits lower starting and ultimate viscosity, along with smaller colloid particle sizes, resulting in a 0.9–2.0% reduction in hydraulic jump and full degree. However, its inferior drag-reduction capability leads to a 17.48–36.44% decrease in the final deposition distances of solid simulant in the building drainage horizontal main drain compared to AEO-9. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Near-Wall Laser-Induced Cavitation Bubble Micro-Dimple Formation on 7050 Aluminum Alloy

by Yupeng Cao, Ranran Hu, Weidong Shi and Rui Zhou

Water 2024, 16(10), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101410 - 15 May 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1361

Abstract

To investigate the feasibility and formation laws of fabricating micro-dimples induced by near-wall laser-induced cavitation bubble (LICB) on 7050 aluminum alloy. A high-speed camera and a fiber-optic hydrophone system were used to capture pulsation evolution images and acoustic signals of LICB. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional profilometer was employed to examine the contour morphology of the surface micro-dimple on the specimen. The results show that at an energy level of 500 mJ, the total pulsation period for the empty bubble is 795 μs, with individual pulsation periods of 412.5 μs, 217 μs, and 165 μs for the first, second, and third cycles, respectively, with most energy of the laser and bubble being consumed during the first evolution period. Under the synergy of the plasma shock wave and collapse shock wave, a spherical dimple with a diameter of 450 μm is formed on the sample surface with copper foil as the absorption layer. A model of micro-dimple formed by LICB impact is established. As the energy increases, the depth of the surface micro-dimple peaks at an energy of 400 mJ and then decreases. The depth of the surface micro-dimple increases with the increase in the number of impacts; the optimal technology parameters for the micro-dimple formation by LICB impact are as follows: the absorption layer is copper foil, the energy is 400 mJ, and the number of impacts is three. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 17250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study of Laser-Induced Cavitation Bubbles near Wall: Plasma Shielding Observation

by Rui Zhou, Kangwen Li, Yupeng Cao, Weidong Shi, Yongfei Yang, Linwei Tan, Ranran Hu and Yongxin Jin

Water 2024, 16(10), 1324; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16101324 - 7 May 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1443

Abstract

To investigate the plasma shielding of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near a wall, a pulsed laser with different energies was selected to induce cavitation bubbles on the surface of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy. A high-speed camera captured the evolution of the cavitation bubble, while a fiber-optic hydrophone system collected the acoustic signals during the evolution. Finally, a confocal microscope was used to view and analyze the surface morphology of 7050 aluminum alloy. The experimental results indicate that as the laser energy increases, the diameter, the evolution time, the pressure of the bubble, and both the pit diameter and depth all increase. Beyond an energy level of 1.4 J, the maximum diameter and the evolution time of the laser-induced cavitation bubble begin to decrease; the maximum diameter decreases by 2.04%, and the first evolution time decreases by 3.26%. Plasma shielding was observed in this experiment. Considering that the essence of a laser-induced cavitation bubble is the interaction between a high-energy laser and a liquid medium, the abnormal decrease in the maximum diameter, evolution time, and sound pressure epitomizes the manifestation of plasma shielding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pressure Pulsation Characteristics on the Bulb Body of a Submersible Tubular Pump

by Jian Wang, Ze Chen, Linghao Li, Chuan Wang, Kangle Teng, Qiang He, Jiren Zhou, Shanshan Li, Weidong Cao, Xiuli Wang and Hongliang Wang

Water 2024, 16(5), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050789 - 6 Mar 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1269

Abstract

Submersible tubular pumps are an ideal choice for pump stations that require high flow rates and low lift. These pumps combine the unique features of submersible motors with axial flow pump technology, making them highly efficient and cost-effective. They have found extensive applications in China’s rapidly developing water conservancy industry. In this research, we focus on investigating the pressure pulsation characteristics of the internal bulb body in a specific pump station project in China. To conduct our analysis, we utilize a model of the submersible tubular pump and strategically position 18 monitoring points. These monitoring points cover various sections, including the impeller inlet and outlet, guide vane outlet, as well as the inlet, middle, and outlet sections of the bulb body segment. To calculate the unsteady flow of the system, we employ numerical simulation techniques. By combining the outcomes of model tests, we determine the pressure pulsation characteristics. The comparison of results reveals a remarkable similarity between the efficiency–head curves obtained from the numerical simulation and the model test. While the model test yields slightly higher head results, the numerical simulation indicates slightly higher efficiency values. This finding lends strong support to the reliability of numerical simulation results, which can provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of submersible tubular pumps. Overall, submersible tubular pumps demonstrate their suitability for pump stations with high flow rates and low lift requirements. The study of pressure pulsation characteristics within the bulb body contributes to a better understanding of their performance and facilitates their further application in the field of water conservancy engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 7523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling of a Jet Pipe Servovalve Considering Nonlinear Flow Forces Acting on the Spool

by Shuangqi Kang, Xiangdong Kong, Jin Zhang and Ranheng Du

Water 2024, 16(5), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050683 - 26 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1694

Abstract

The design and analysis of jet pipe servovalves are mostly based on linear models. However, there are some nonlinear factors in this kind of electromechanical–hydraulic structure. The article deduces a linear rotation equation for the armature assembly and a linear flow equation for the control cavity. With the consideration of nonlinear hydraulic reaction forces in the second stage, the nonlinear dynamic equation of the main spool in an ideal jet pipe servovalve is derived. Based on the MATLAB (R2016a) software, the nonlinear model of a certain type of jet pipe servovalve is numerically investigated. The equilibrium points of the nonlinear system are calculated, the phase portraits are plotted, and the Hopf bifurcations caused by the flow-pressure coefficient as the control parameter and the period-doubling bifurcations caused by the variation of the input signal are analyzed. The vibration frequency of the time-domain response of the fifth-order system with a cosine signal as input is 242 Hz, which is similar to the experimental value of 233 Hz. The relative error between the two is 3.9%, verifying the validity of the nonlinear system model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 7044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pressure Pulsation Characteristics of Agricultural Irrigation Pumps under Cavitation Conditions

by Guisheng Yu, Guohui Li and Chuan Wang

Water 2023, 15(24), 4250; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244250 - 12 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1772

Abstract

Agricultural irrigation pumps are the main agricultural irrigation machinery, and their performance is closely related to the flow characteristics inside them. This paper combines experimental research and numerical simulation analysis. Based on the good agreement between the experimental results and numerical simulation data, this paper focuses on studying the characteristics of pressure fluctuations of agricultural irrigation pumps under cavitation conditions. The study found that under non-cavitation conditions, the pressure fluctuations at different monitoring points in pumps with different numbers of blades showed periodic variations, which are related to the number of blades. Under cavitation conditions, the pressure fluctuation coefficients of agricultural irrigation pumps with different impeller blade numbers increased, with a significant impact on the distribution of radial forces on the impeller. The research results supplement the relevant theoretical analysis and have certain practical significance for the application of agricultural irrigation pumps to practical production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

32 pages, 6673 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress on Identification and Suppression Methods for Monitoring the Cavitation State of Centrifugal Pumps

by Yu Zhu, Lin Zhou, Shuaishuai Lv, Weidong Shi, Hongjun Ni, Xiaoyuan Li, Chuanzhen Tao and Zhengjie Hou

Water 2024, 16(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010052 - 22 Dec 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2749

Abstract

Cavitation is a detrimental phenomenon in hydraulic machinery, adversely impacting its performance, inducing vibration and noise, and leading to corrosion damage of overflow components. Centrifugal pump internal cavitation will lead to severe vibration and noise, and not only will the performance of hydraulic machinery be adversely affected but the impact generated by the collapse of the vacuole will also cause damage to the impeller wall structure, seriously affecting the safety of the equipment’s operation. To prevent the generation and development of internal cavitation in centrifugal pumps, to prevent the hydraulic machinery from being in a state of cavitation for a long time, to avoid the failure of the unit, and to realize the predictive maintenance of centrifugal pumps, therefore, it is of great significance to research the methods for monitoring the cavitation of hydraulic machinery and the methods for suppressing the cavitation. This paper comprehensively describes the centrifugal pump cavitation mechanism and associated hazards. It also discusses the current state of centrifugal pump cavitation monitoring methods, including commonly used approaches such as the flow-head method, high-speed photography, pressure pulsation method, acoustic emission method, and vibration method. A comparative analysis of these methods is presented. Additionally, the paper explores signal characterization methods for centrifugal pump cavitation, including time-domain feature extraction, frequency-domain feature extraction, and time–frequency-domain feature extraction. The current research status is elaborated upon. Moreover, the paper presents methods to mitigate cavitation and prevent its occurrence. Finally, it summarizes the ongoing research on identifying and determining the cavitation state in centrifugal pumps and offers insights into future research directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics in Fluid Machinery

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI