Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 3631

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, CHU de Toulouse, France
2. Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
Interests: kidney transplantation; liver transplantation; transplant immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solid Organ Transplant candidates or recipients are a high risk population for many infections, while some of them are vaccine preventable diseases. Covid-19 pandemic reminded us the altered immune vaccine response in transplant recipients, with dramatical consequences. Hence, every effort should be made as soon as possible, prior transplantation. Recommendations for immunization of transplant patients concerning several frequent infections exist (e.g., Influenza, Tetanos, Polio, Pertussis, etc.).

Nonetheless, substantial patients remain incompletely or unvaccinated. This leads to avoidable health problems. Moreover, prevention treatments by vaccine remain an unmet medical need for some infections (such as cytomegalovirus).

In this Special Issue of Vaccine, we focus on recent progresses made in the field of vaccinology, as well as future directions identified for solid organ transplant patients. Based on your extensive knowledge and experience, we invite you to contribute with an original report, personal point of vue, or review to highlight (i) specific organization models proposed to improve vaccination rate in this population, (ii) immune pathways developed to improve immunogenicity of vaccines or alternative strategies for transplant recipients, (iii) future directions concerning the development of new vaccines.

Dr. Arnaud Del Bello
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cytomegalovirus
  • sars-CoV-2 infection
  • solid organ transplant recipients
  • pneumococcal vaccine
  • HHV-6
  • HHV-8
  • HSV
  • HPV

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1010 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine among Lung Transplant Recipients—A Prospective Cohort Study
by Yael Shostak, Mordechai R. Kramer, Omer Edni, Ahinoam Glusman Bendersky, Noa Shafran, Ilana Bakal, Moshe Heching, Dror Rosengarten, Dorit Shitenberg, Shay M. Amor, Haim Ben Zvi, Barak Pertzov, Hila Cohen, Shahar Rotem, Uri Elia, Theodor Chitlaru, Noam Erez, Yuri Peysakhovich, Yaron D. Barac, Amir Shlomai, Erez Bar-Haim and Osnat Shtraichmanadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 799; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040799 - 04 Apr 2023
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Abstract
Two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit an attenuated humoral immune response among immunocompromised patients. Our study aimed to assess the immunogenicity of a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine among lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We prospectively evaluated the humoral response by measuring [...] Read more.
Two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit an attenuated humoral immune response among immunocompromised patients. Our study aimed to assess the immunogenicity of a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine among lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We prospectively evaluated the humoral response by measuring anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 and neutralizing antibodies in 139 vaccinated LTRs ~4–6 weeks following the third vaccine dose. The t-cell response was evaluated by IFNγ assay. The primary outcome was the seropositivity rate following the third vaccine dose. Secondary outcomes included: positive neutralizing antibody and cellular immune response rate, adverse events, and COVID-19 infections. Results were compared to a control group of 41 healthcare workers. Among LTRs, 42.4% had a seropositive antibody titer, and 17.2% had a positive t-cell response. Seropositivity was associated with younger age (t = 3.736, p < 0.001), higher GFR (t = 2.355, p = 0.011), and longer duration from transplantation (t = −1.992, p = 0.024). Antibody titer positively correlated with neutralizing antibodies (r = 0.955, p < 0.001). The current study may suggest the enhancement of immunogenicity by using booster doses. Since monoclonal antibodies have limited effectiveness against prevalent sub-variants and LTRs are prone to severe COVID-19 morbidity, vaccination remains crucial for this vulnerable population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients)
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10 pages, 1162 KiB  
Article
Benefits of Switching Mycophenolic Acid to Sirolimus on Serological Response after a SARS-CoV-2 Booster Dose among Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Study
by Athiphat Banjongjit, Supitchaya Phirom, Jeerath Phannajit, Watsamon Jantarabenjakul, Leilani Paitoonpong, Wonngarm Kittanamongkolchai, Salin Wattanatorn, Wisit Prasithsirikul, Somchai Eiam-Ong, Yingyos Avihingsanon, Pokrath Hansasuta, Jakapat Vanichanan and Natavudh Townamchai
Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1685; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101685 - 09 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have a suboptimal immune response to COVID-19 vaccination due to the effects of immunosuppression, mostly mycophenolic acid (MPA). This study investigated the benefits of switching from the standard immunosuppressive regimen (tacrolimus (TAC), MPA, and prednisolone) to a regimen of [...] Read more.
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have a suboptimal immune response to COVID-19 vaccination due to the effects of immunosuppression, mostly mycophenolic acid (MPA). This study investigated the benefits of switching from the standard immunosuppressive regimen (tacrolimus (TAC), MPA, and prednisolone) to a regimen of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi), TAC and prednisolone two weeks pre- and two weeks post-BNT162b2 booster vaccination. A single-center, opened-label pilot study was conducted in KTRs, who received two doses of ChAdOx-1 and a single dose of BNT162b2. The participants were randomly assigned to continue the standard regimen (control group, n = 14) or switched to a sirolimus (an mTORi), TAC, and prednisolone (switching group, n = 14) regimen two weeks before and two weeks after receiving a booster dose of BNT162b2. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody level after vaccination in the switching group was significantly greater than the control group (4051.0 [IQR 3142.0–6466.0] BAU/mL vs. 2081.0 [IQR 1077.0–3960.0] BAU/mL, respectively; p = 0.01). One participant who was initially seronegative in the control group remained seronegative after the booster dose. These findings suggest humoral immune response benefits of switching the standard immunosuppressive regimen to the regimen of mTORi, TAC, and prednisolone in KTRs during vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients)
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