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Vaccines
Special Issues
Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccines and Public Health
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Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccines and Public Health

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2025) | Viewed by 4102

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sachin A. Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Interests: cost-effectiveness; public health value; vaccines; valuation; vaccination; immunization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccines and Public Health, focuses on cost-effectiveness assessments of vaccines and their use in assessing the public health value of vaccines and vaccination. Authors are encouraged to submit cost-effectiveness studies of novel vaccines or vaccine candidates for neglected, emerging, reemerging, or even major infectious diseases that consider public health impact. Authors are also encouraged to submit reviews of such studies. Analyses based on trial data are accepted. Authors are also encouraged to submit empirical or methodological studies that augment traditional cost-effectiveness analyses of vaccines to assess their full public health value. These studies can include other valuation methods that supplement cost-effectiveness, such as valuing distributional consequences, economic welfare impacts, and impacts on life expectancy. They can also include studies extending cost-effectiveness analyses, such as extended cost-effectiveness, which incorporates equity and distributional considerations. Authors are encouraged to submit studies of novel methods of translating traditional cost-effectiveness analyses to realize greater public health value. These studies can include vaccine investment analyses, health systems impact analyses, assessments of vaccination strategies, and even public health interventions that improve vaccination outcomes.

Dr. Sachin A. Silva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cost-effectiveness
  • public health value
  • vaccines
  • valuation
  • vaccination
  • immunization
  • benefit–cost
  • welfare
  • extended cost-effectiveness
  • QALYs

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 519 KB  
Article
Economic Evaluation of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Egypt: Cost-Effectiveness, Budget Impact, and Domestic Manufacturing Potential
by Chrissy Bishop, Arnold Hagens, Federico Rodriguez-Cairoli, Konstantina Politopoulou, Zicheng Wang, Motuma Abeshu, Sowmya Kadandale, Ibironke Oyatoye and Saadia Farrukh
Vaccines 2026, 14(4), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14040318 - 1 Apr 2026
Viewed by 723
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Egypt, yet pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are not included in the national immunization program. Recent commitments to domestic vaccine manufacturing and temporary Gavi support create a timely decision context for policymakers [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Egypt, yet pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are not included in the national immunization program. Recent commitments to domestic vaccine manufacturing and temporary Gavi support create a timely decision context for policymakers to assess whether PCV introduction is cost-effective, affordable, and sustainable within Egypt’s health financing constraints. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness, budget impact, and return on investment (ROI) of PCV introduction in Egypt. Methods: A deterministic, age-structured dynamic transmission model was developed to estimate the health and economic outcomes of PCV introduction over a 20-year horizon from a healthcare payer perspective. The analysis was conducted in line with the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) guidelines. The model captures direct and indirect effects across all age groups and includes pneumonia, meningitis, non-pneumonia non-meningitis invasive disease, and acute otitis media. Scenarios assessed immediate versus delayed introduction, alternative PCV10-to-PCV13 pathways, and domestic manufacturing price assumptions. Outcomes included deaths averted, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) relative to GDP per capita, budget impact, and ROI using the value of statistical life. Results: Immediate PCV13 introduction was projected to avert 139,451 deaths across all age groups over 20 years, with an ICER of 523.31 USD per DALY averted equal to 0.16 × GDP per capita. The total budget impact was USD 124.9 million per year without Gavi support and USD 120.9 million with support, yielding an ROI of 23.1. Delaying the introduction substantially reduced health gains and economic returns. Pathways involving initial PCV10 introduction followed by transition to PCV13 achieved similar health outcomes with a lower budget impact and higher ROI. Conclusions: PCV introduction in Egypt represents a high-value investment. Immediate introduction maximizes health and economic benefits, while delayed introduction entails substantial opportunity costs. Alternative PCV10-to-PCV13 pathways offer a more affordable route with a similar long-term impact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccines and Public Health)
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14 pages, 1911 KB  
Article
Productivity Improvement of Human Papillomavirus-like Particles in Insect Cells Using Hyper-Expression Baculovirus Vector
by Jae-Bang Choi, Ji-Hoon Lee, Eun-Ha Kim, Jae-Deog Kim, Seong-Yeong Kim, Jong-Min Oh, Soo-Dong Woo, Hyunil Kim and Beom-Ku Han
Vaccines 2025, 13(10), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13101006 - 25 Sep 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2235
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines based on human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 proteins have high efficacy for preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-associated diseases. The production yields of commercial HPV VLPs remain suboptimal. We aimed to improve HPV VLP production efficiency using a [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines based on human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 proteins have high efficacy for preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-associated diseases. The production yields of commercial HPV VLPs remain suboptimal. We aimed to improve HPV VLP production efficiency using a hyper-expression vector system for the expression of L1 proteins of four major HPV serotypes—HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18. Methods: HPV L1 proteins were expressed in Trichoplusia ni (Hi5) insect cells via a hyper-expression baculovirus vector system. Following cell lysis using a microfluidizer, VLPs were purified through a two-step chromatographic process. Particle morphology was characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Immunogenicity was evaluated using a murine model; mice received three intramuscular injections of the purified quadrivalent VLPs. The resulting IgG and neutralizing antibody responses were compared with those elicited by the commercial quadrivalent vaccine, Gardasil. Results: The L1 proteins from HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 were successfully expressed at high levels in Hi5 cells, forming uniformly sized VLPs with hydrodynamic diameters of 50–60 nm. The average production yield of the quadrivalent VLPs exceeded 40 mg/L, an improvement over conventional yields. The candidate VLPs elicited strong HPV-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses in mice, comparable to those induced by Gardasil. Conclusions: The hyper-expression baculovirus vector system enables high-yield production of HPV L1 VLPs with desirable structural and immunogenic properties. This approach holds promise for the cost-effective and scalable manufacturing of next-generation HPV VLP vaccines, facilitating broader global access to HPV immunization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccines and Public Health)
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