Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
8.9
5.2
Journals
Vaccines
Special Issues
The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination
share announcement

The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2024) | Viewed by 6341

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Leszek Tylicki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: hypertension; chronic kidney disease; acute kidney injury; renin-angiotensin system; kidney transplantation; hemodialysis; COVID-19; vaccination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the turn of 2019 and 2020 posed a substantial global challenge. The number of infected people and deaths reached unprecedented levels, paralyzing health services in many countries. Vaccination was the most effective tool of pandemic control. In clinical practice, vaccination produced decreased infections, a milder course of COVID-19, and a reduced mortality rate. One should also remember that the natural course of the pandemic and subsequent mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 weakened the virus and contributed to a milder course of the disease and the gradual extinction of the pandemic. Although many aspects of COVID-19 immunity and vaccine response have already been clarified, there is still a sizable gap between clinicians’ questions and the available explanations. This is especially true given the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and new emerging variants and requires further research.

The second edition of this Special Issue, entitled "Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination", will summarize the current state of knowledge. Potential submission topics include (but are not limited to) the following issues:

  1. The efficacy and reactogenicity of vaccines against new variants of SARS-CoV-2;
  2. The efficacy supplementary doses of classical vaccines against the original Wuhan SARS-COV-2 strain in preventing infections, hospitalizations and death caused by new variants of the virus;
  3. Long-term safety of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2;
  4. Cellular and humoral response in immunocompetent and immunocompromised population;
  5. Differences in the immune response between vaccines;
  6. Schemes of vaccination enhancing immune responses in immunocompromised patients;
  7. Comparing immune response after vaccination with the natural immunity of convalescents;
  8. Vaccines against new variants.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Leszek Tylicki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • humoral immunity
  • cellular immunity
  • vaccine
  • vaccination

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

17 pages, 2274 KiB  
Article
Distinct Neutralising and Complement-Fixing Antibody Responses Can Be Induced to the Same Antigen in Haemodialysis Patients After Immunisation with Different Vaccine Platforms
by Nadezhda Wall, Rachel Lamerton, Fiona Ashford, Marisol Perez-Toledo, Aleksandra Jasiulewicz, Gemma D. Banham, Maddy L. Newby, Sian E. Faustini, Alex G. Richter, Haresh Selvaskandan, Roseanne E. Billany, Sherna F. Adenwalla, Ian R. Henderson, Max Crispin, Matthew Graham-Brown, Lorraine Harper and Adam F. Cunningham
Vaccines 2025, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13010007 - 25 Dec 2024
Viewed by 828
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Generalised immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, especially in patients requiring haemodialysis (HD), significantly enhances the risk of severe infections. Vaccine-induced immunity is typically reduced in HD populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided an opportunity to examine the magnitude and functionality of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Generalised immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease, especially in patients requiring haemodialysis (HD), significantly enhances the risk of severe infections. Vaccine-induced immunity is typically reduced in HD populations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided an opportunity to examine the magnitude and functionality of antibody responses in HD patients to a previously unencountered antigen—Spike (S)-glycoprotein—after vaccination with different vaccine platforms (viral vector (VV); mRNA (mRV)). Methods: We compared the total and functional anti-S antibody responses (cross-variant neutralisation and complement binding) in 187 HD patients and 43 healthy controls 21–28 days after serial immunisation. Results: After 2 doses of the same vaccine, HD patients had anti-S antibody levels and a complement binding capacity comparable to controls. However, 2 doses of mRV induced greater polyfunctional antibody responses than VV (defined by the presence of both complement binding and cross-variant neutralisation activity). Interestingly, an mRV boost after 2 doses of VV significantly enhanced antibody functionality in HD patients without a prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: HD patients can generate near-normal, functional antigen-specific antibody responses following serial vaccination to a novel antigen. Encouragingly, exploiting immunological memory by using mRNA vaccines and boosting may improve the success of vaccination strategies in this vulnerable patient population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 3950 KiB  
Article
T Cell Responses to BA.2.86 and JN.1 SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Elderly Subjects
by Irene Segato, Dalila Mele, Greta Forlani, Daniela Dalla Gasperina, Mario U. Mondelli and Stefania Varchetta
Vaccines 2024, 12(12), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12121451 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1194
Abstract
Background/Objectives: New SARS-CoV-2 variants are continuously emerging, making it essential to assess the efficacy of vaccine-induced immune protection. Limited information is available regarding T cell responses to BA.2.86 and JN.1 variants, particularly in elderly individuals. Methods: We evaluated T cell and total IgG [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: New SARS-CoV-2 variants are continuously emerging, making it essential to assess the efficacy of vaccine-induced immune protection. Limited information is available regarding T cell responses to BA.2.86 and JN.1 variants, particularly in elderly individuals. Methods: We evaluated T cell and total IgG responses against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain, as well as BA.2.86 and JN.1 omicron subvariants, in two groups of subjects. One group consisted of SARS-CoV-2-exposed elderly individuals who were fully vaccinated with the BNT162B2 mRNA vaccine, with a booster dose of the updated 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccine (XBB.1.5) at least 15 days after receiving a booster dose of the updated 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccine. The second group consisted of healthcare workers who were unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 one month after the booster dose of the first-generation BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. T cell activation-induced markers (AIM) and IFN-γ secretion were evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISpot assays, respectively. Results: Elderly subjects showed reduced IgG levels against JN.1 compared with the ancestral strain. BA.2.86 stimulation resulted in lower IFN-γ levels in the elderly versus the COVID-19-naïve group. AIM analysis showed that among T cells, CD4+ were the most responsive, with a reduced proportion of JN.1-reactive CD4+ T cells compared with the ancestral strain in the SARS-CoV-2-unexposed group. Despite receiving the updated booster, the elderly group showed reduced CD4+ T cell reactivity to BA.2.86. Conclusions: The XBB.1.5-containing vaccine induced lower CD4+ T cell responses against BA.2.86 in the elderly. CD4+ T cells from BNT16b2-vaccinated, COVID-19-naïve subjects recognized ancestral and BA.2.86 RBD strains while showing reduced responses to JN.1. These results emphasize the need for tailored vaccine strategies for emerging variants, particularly in vulnerable populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 7663 KiB  
Article
Changes in Phenotypic and Molecular Features of Naïve and Central Memory T Helper Cell Subsets following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
by Mia Mosavie, Jennifer Rynne, Matthew Fish, Peter Smith, Aislinn Jennings, Shivani Singh, Jonathan Millar, Heli Harvala, Ana Mora, Fotini Kaloyirou, Alexandra Griffiths, Valerie Hopkins, Charlotte Washington, Lise J. Estcourt, David Roberts and Manu Shankar-Hari
Vaccines 2024, 12(9), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091040 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Molecular changes in lymphocytes following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that studying the molecular (transcriptomic, epigenetic, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire) changes in CD4+ T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could inform protective mechanisms and refinement of future vaccines. We [...] Read more.
Molecular changes in lymphocytes following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that studying the molecular (transcriptomic, epigenetic, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire) changes in CD4+ T cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could inform protective mechanisms and refinement of future vaccines. We tested this hypothesis by reporting alterations in CD4+ T cell subsets and molecular features of CD4+ naïve and CD4+ central memory (CM) subsets between the unvaccinated and vaccinated groups. Compared with the unvaccinated, the vaccinated had higher HLA-DR expression in CD4+ T subsets, a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that overlapped with key differentially accessible regions (DARs) along the chromatin linked to inflammasome activation, translation, regulation (of apoptosis, inflammation), and significant changes in clonal architecture beyond SARS-CoV-2 specificity. Several of these differences were more pronounced in the CD4+CM subset. Taken together, our observations imply that the COVID-19 vaccine exerts its protective effects via modulation of acute inflammation to SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 2298 KiB  
Article
Plasma EV-miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Response in Cancer Patients
by Beatriz Almeida, Tânia R. Dias, Pedro Cruz, Mário Sousa-Pimenta, Ana Luísa Teixeira, Catarina Esteves Pereira, Bruno Costa-Silva, Júlio Oliveira, Rui Medeiros and Francisca Dias
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080848 - 28 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2154
Abstract
Cancer patients, prone to severe COVID-19, face immune challenges due to their disease and treatments. Identifying biomarkers, particularly extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), is vital for comprehending their response to COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate specific EV-miRNAs in the plasma [...] Read more.
Cancer patients, prone to severe COVID-19, face immune challenges due to their disease and treatments. Identifying biomarkers, particularly extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived microRNAs (miRNAs), is vital for comprehending their response to COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate specific EV-miRNAs in the plasma of cancer patients under active treatment who received the COVID-19 booster vaccine. The selected miRNAs (EV-hsa-miR-7-5p, EV-hsa-miR-15b-5p, EV-hsa-miR-24-3p, EV-hsa-miR-145- 5p, and EV-hsa-miR-223-3p) are involved in regulating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and cytokine release, making them potential biomarkers for vaccination response. The study involved 54 cancer patients. Plasma and serum samples were collected at pre-boost vaccination, and at 3 and 6 months post-boost vaccination. Anti-spike antibody levels were measured. Additionally, RNA was extracted from EVs isolated from plasma and the expression levels of miRNAs were assessed. The results showed a significantly positive antibody response after COVID-19 boost vaccination. The expression levels of EV-hsa-miR-7-5p, EV-hsa-miR-15b-5p, EV-hsa-miR-24-3p, and EV-hsa-miR-223-3p increased significantly after 6 months of COVID-19 booster vaccination. Interestingly, an increased expression of certain EV-hsa-miRNAs was positively correlated. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these correlated miRNAs play a critical role in regulating the targets present in antiviral responses and cytokine production. These findings suggest that EV-hsa-miR-15b-5p, EV-hsa-miR-24-3p, and EV-hsa-miR-223-3p may be crucial in immune response induced by mRNA vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 2nd Edition: Cellular and Humoral Immunity after COVID-19 Vaccination)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-4
Back to TopTop