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Vaccines
Special Issues
Advances in Vaccine Adjuvant/Delivery System
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Advances in Vaccine Adjuvant/Delivery System

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccine Adjuvants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 4813

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ting Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China
Interests: vaccine adjuvant delivery system; vaccine nanocarrier; mucosal vaccine; targeted delivery system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a widespread public discussion about the importance of developing a vaccine in a short time frame. Many pioneering vaccinological studies were successfully employed to develop vaccines for controlling various infectious diseases, such as polio, smallpox, and measles. However, despite decades of research, there remains a lack of effective vaccines for many lethal infections caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses.

Vaccine adjuvant/immunomodulator and delivery systems (VADSs), either directly or indirectly, have become integral components of many vaccines. At present, a variety of vaccines, based on RNA, DNA, recombinant proteins, inactivated and attenuated viruses, or viral vectors, are being tested with a variety of VADSs. Although the exact mechanism of action of many adjuvants and VADSs remains unknown, they provide a lasting immune memory and enhanced efficacy of vaccines by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses and promoting immune responses to antigens. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the latest developments in vaccine adjuvant and delivery systems (VADSs).

We invite potential researchers to submit an article, review, etc., on the mechanisms and actions of vaccine adjuvants and VADSs and their recent developments. Priority will be given to articles that focus on newly emerging or highly dangerous infectious agents in humans or animals (e.g., coronavirus, influenza, hepatitis, dengue, malaria, HIV, RSV, etc.).

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Ting Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccine adjuvant/immunomodulator
  • vaccine adjuvant delivery system
  • vaccine development
  • infectious diseases
  • antigen
  • antibody
  • adjuvants
  • nano/micro-particles of novel vaccine carriers
  • vaccine efficacy
  • adjuvant/immunomodulator mechanism
  • humoral immune response
  • cellular immunity
  • vaccination route

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2908 KiB  
Article
Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases Targeted Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design for Candida dubliniensis Using Immunoinformatics
by Nahid Akhtar, Jorge Samuel Leon Magdaleno, Suryakant Ranjan, Atif Khurshid Wani, Ravneet Kaur Grewal, Romina Oliva, Abdul Rajjak Shaikh, Luigi Cavallo and Mohit Chawla
Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020364 - 5 Feb 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with oral and invasive fungal infections in immune-compromised individuals. Furthermore, the emergence of C. dubliniensis antifungal drug resistance could exacerbate its treatment. Hence, in this study a multi-epitope vaccine candidate has been designed using an immunoinformatics [...] Read more.
Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with oral and invasive fungal infections in immune-compromised individuals. Furthermore, the emergence of C. dubliniensis antifungal drug resistance could exacerbate its treatment. Hence, in this study a multi-epitope vaccine candidate has been designed using an immunoinformatics approach by targeting C. dubliniensis secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) proteins. In silico tools have been utilized to predict epitopes and determine their allergic potential, antigenic potential, toxicity, and potential to elicit interleukin-2 (IL2), interleukin-4 (IL4), and IFN-γ. Using the computational tools, eight epitopes have been predicted that were then linked with adjuvants for final vaccine candidate development. Computational immune simulation has depicted that the immunogen designed emerges as a strong immunogenic candidate for a vaccine. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses revealed stable interactions between the vaccine candidate and the human toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Finally, immune simulations corroborated the promising candidature of the designed vaccine, thus calling for further in vivo investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vaccine Adjuvant/Delivery System)
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13 pages, 3845 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of a Lipopolysaccharide and Resiquimod Combination as an Adjuvant with Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine in Chickens
by Bal Krishan Sharma, Saravanan Ramakrishnan, Abinaya Kaliappan, Mithilesh Singh, Ajay Kumar, Satyabrata Dandapat, Sohini Dey and Madhan Mohan Chellappa
Vaccines 2022, 10(6), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060894 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2102
Abstract
Various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have shown potential as adjuvants with different vaccines in both human and livestock species, including chickens. Our previous studies on combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) and resiquimod (R-848; TLR7 agonist) showed the synergistic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory Th1 [...] Read more.
Various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have shown potential as adjuvants with different vaccines in both human and livestock species, including chickens. Our previous studies on combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) and resiquimod (R-848; TLR7 agonist) showed the synergistic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th2 cytokines in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Hence, the present study aimed to explore the combined adjuvant effect of LPS and R-848 with inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. Two weeks-old SPF chickens were immunized with inactivated NDV vaccine along with a combination of LPS and R-848 as an adjuvant with suitable control groups. A booster dose was given two weeks later. Antibody responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, while cell-mediated immune responses were analyzed by a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and flow cytometry following vaccination. Two weeks post-booster, the birds were challenged with a velogenic strain of NDV, and protection against clinical signs, mortality and virus shedding was analyzed. The results indicated that inactivated NDV vaccine with R-848 induced significantly higher humoral and cellular immune responses with 100% protection against mortality and viral shedding following a virulent NDV challenge. However, the combination of LPS and R-848 along with inactivated NDV vaccine produced poor humoral and cellular immune responses and could not afford protection against challenge infection and virus shedding when compared to the vaccine-alone group, indicating the deleterious effects of the combination on antigen-specific immune responses. In conclusion, the combination of LPS and R-848 showed the inhibitory effects on antigen-specific humoral, cellular and protective immune responses when used as an adjuvant with inactivated NDV vaccines in chickens. This inhibitory effect might have occurred due to systemic cytokine storm. A nanoparticle-based delivery of the combination of LPS and R-848 for slow and sustained release could be tried as an alternative method to explore the synergistic effect of the combination as an adjuvant in chickens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vaccine Adjuvant/Delivery System)
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