The Perspective of Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis: Polio and Non-polio Enteroviruses and Vaccines
A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against Infectious Diseases".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 6888
Special Issue Editors
2. Department of Organization and Technology of Production of Immunobiological Preparations, Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
Interests: poliomyelitis eradication; poliomyelitis; polioviruses; poliovirus vaccine; non-polio enteroviruses; epidemiological surveillance
Interests: evolution and taxonomy of polio- and non-polio enteroviruses; non-polio enterovirus emerging human infections: enterovirus meningitis; hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
The eradication of wild poliovirus has been a goal for over 30 years. Despite the outstanding progress of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative in the elimination of wild polioviruses almost all over the world, the final eradication of poliomyelitis has not yet been achieved, due to both organizational barriers and the clinical, epidemiological and biological properties of poliovirus, primarily the peculiarities of its evolution. The main challenge following the impressive success in eradicating wild polioviruses with Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) has been the emergence of outbreaks caused by viruses derived from the same vaccine, which have neurovirulence and transmissibility—VDPV. The epidemiological significance of VDPV is indistinguishable from wild polioviruses. The development and introduction of new, effective, genetically stable, safer vaccines that combine the best properties of traditional OPV and IPV poliovirus vaccines is urgently need. Apparently, polio immunization will never be stopped. Recently, a new type 2 monovalent vaccine from genetically modified Sabin strains (nOPV2) has been developed and put into use, following the approach of nOPV types 1 and 3, but their global impact remains to be seen.
A new threat is the emergence of non-polio enterovirus diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71, acute flaccid myelitis caused by enterovirus 68. At present, the non-polio enterovirus threat is under vaccine control only in some countries around the world. The factors leading to the emergence of new enteroviral diseases remain poorly understood; the need for vaccines against non-polio enteroviral diseases has not been determined.
In this Special Issue, we would like to invite papers covering a wide range of topics and recent developments in all phases of the development of vaccines against polio and non-polio enterovirus infections. Providing epidemiological information on the circulation of polio and non-polio enteroviruses will help to justify the need for vaccines. The study of the immune response to the introduction of the vaccine will allow us to evaluate the effectiveness of the formation and the role of different types of immune protection.
Dr. Olga E. Ivanova
Prof. Dr. Alexander Lukashev
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- poliovirus
- non-polio enteroviruses
- acute flaccid paralysis
- polio vaccine
- non-polio enterovirus vaccine
- enterovirus types
- hand-foot-and-mouth disease
- acute flaccid myelitis
- enterovirus meningitis
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