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Vaccines
Special Issues
Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination
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Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 3417

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tanja Vollmer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
Interests: SARS-COV2; hepatitis E virus; serology; epidemiology; safety of blood components
Dr. Jonas Herzberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Krankenhaus Reinbek St. Adolf-Stift, 21465 Reinbek, Germany
Interests: COVID-19; oncologic surgery; prevention of postoperative complications
Dr. Bastian Fischer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
Interests: SARS-COV2; epidemiology; extracellular matrix; fibrosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2-virus, has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems and societies around the world. The approval of several vaccines has alleviated the global situation, forming a core element in the fight against the pandemic.

To further develop an ongoing vaccination protocol, including so-called booster vaccinations after primary immunization, reliable parameters are needed. The overall antibody response after infection or vaccination has been intensively studied. However, the role of neutralizing antibodies is still poorly understood, as their use is limited to highly specialized laboratories. The implementation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate virus neutralization tests (sVNTs), as well as cell-culture-based virus neutralization assays, could help us to gain a better understanding of these functional antibodies.

Therefore, this Special Issue “Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination” of Vaccines aims to focus on studies that report results of neutralizing antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: 

  • Different protocols associated with neutralizing antibodies after vaccination;
  • New (surrogate) virus neutralization tests;
  • Course and peristence of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Tanja Vollmer
Dr. Jonas Herzberg
Dr. Bastian Fischer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • COVID-19 vaccines
  • neutralizing antibodies
  • vector-based vaccines
  • mRNA-vaccines
  • seroprevalence

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2185 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of the Monovalent Omicron XBB.1.5-Adapted BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in People Living with HIV (PLWH)
by Maxim Cherneha, Isabel Zydek, Peer Braß, Johannes Korth, Sarah Jansen, Stefan Esser, Christina B. Karsten, Folker Meyer, Ivana Kraiselburd, Ulf Dittmer, Monika Lindemann, Peter A. Horn, Oliver Witzke, Laura Thümmler and Adalbert Krawczyk
Vaccines 2024, 12(7), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070785 - 17 Jul 2024
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Abstract
While SARS-CoV-2 has transitioned to an endemic phase, infections caused by newly emerged variants continue to result in severe, and sometimes fatal, outcomes or lead to long-term COVID-19 symptoms. Vulnerable populations, such as PLWH, face an elevated risk of severe illness. Emerging variants [...] Read more.
While SARS-CoV-2 has transitioned to an endemic phase, infections caused by newly emerged variants continue to result in severe, and sometimes fatal, outcomes or lead to long-term COVID-19 symptoms. Vulnerable populations, such as PLWH, face an elevated risk of severe illness. Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, including numerous Omicron subvariants, are increasingly associated with breakthrough infections. Adapting mRNA vaccines to these new variants may offer improved protection against Omicron for vulnerable individuals. In this study, we examined humoral and cellular immune responses before and after administering adapted booster vaccinations to PLWH, alongside a control group of healthy individuals. Four weeks following booster vaccination, both groups exhibited a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses. Notably, there was no significant difference in humoral immune response between PLWH and the healthy controls. Immune responses declined rapidly in both groups three months post vaccination. However, PLWH still showed significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers even after three months. These findings demonstrate the efficacy of the adapted vaccination regimen. The results suggest that regular booster immunizations may be necessary to sustain protective immunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination)
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26 pages, 7858 KiB  
Article
Flow Cytometry-Based Measurement of Antibodies Specific for Cell Surface-Expressed Folded SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domains
by Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal, Jera Safran, Bernhard Kratzer, Pia Gattinger, Robert B. Stieger, Laszlo Musiejovsky, Doris Trapin, Paul Ettel, Ulrike Körmöczi, Arno Rottal, Kristina Borochova, Yulia Dorofeeva, Inna Tulaeva, Milena Weber, Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Thomas Perkmann, Ursula Wiedermann, Rudolf Valenta and Winfried F. Pickl
Vaccines 2024, 12(4), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12040377 - 1 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Background: COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now become endemic and is currently one of the important respiratory virus infections regularly affecting mankind. The assessment of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is important for guiding active and [...] Read more.
Background: COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now become endemic and is currently one of the important respiratory virus infections regularly affecting mankind. The assessment of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants is important for guiding active and passive immunization and SARS-CoV-2-specific treatment strategies. Methods: We here devised a novel flow cytometry-based diagnostic platform for the assessment of immunity against cell-bound virus antigens. This platform is based on a collection of HEK-293T cell lines which, as exemplified in our study, stably express the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 S-proteins of eight major SARS-CoV-2 variants, ranging from Wuhan-Hu-1 to Omicron. Results: RBD-expressing cell lines stably display comparable levels of RBD on the surface of HEK-293T cells, as shown with anti-FLAG-tag antibodies directed against a N-terminally introduced 3x-FLAG sequence while the functionality of RBD was proven by ACE2 binding. We exemplify the usefulness and specificity of the cell-based test by direct binding of IgG and IgA antibodies of SARS-CoV-2-exposed and/or vaccinated individuals in which the assay shows a wide linear performance range both at very low and very high serum antibody concentrations. In another application, i.e., antibody adsorption studies, the test proved to be a powerful tool for measuring the ratios of individual variant-specific antibodies. Conclusion: We have established a toolbox for measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity against cell-bound virus antigens, which may be considered as an important addition to the armamentarium of SARS-CoV-2-specific diagnostic tests, allowing flexible and quick adaptation to new variants of concern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neutralizing Antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination)
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