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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccines and Passive Immune Strategies in Veterinary Medicine
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Vaccines and Passive Immune Strategies in Veterinary Medicine

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 4186

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Viviana Parreno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
Interests: virology; vaccine; antiviral and antibody testing in the gnotobiotic pig model for rotavirus and norovirus infection and disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marina Bok

E-Mail
Guest Editor
1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
2. INCUINTA, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
Interests: diagnostic kits for veterinary and human medicine; veterinary vaccines; chicken IgY product; llama-derived nanobodies; viral diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases in animals, including food animals (bovine, porcine, chicken), sport animals such as Thoroughbred horses, and companion animals such as cats and dogs, have a major impact on livestock productivity, as well as animal health and welfare. In addition, there is a very high risk of interspecies transmission (from both domestic and wild animals to humans and vice versa) as we can remember from the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Nowadays, researchers working in the development of veterinary vaccines have access to a great variety of new biotechnological options (programed attenuation, targeted subunit-, vectored-, mRNA-, and DNA-vaccines) making possible the creation of vaccines that have been needed for a long time. In addition, new immunological discoveries have also helped to improve the design of passive immune therapies based on homologous and heterologous, polyclonal, and monoclonal immunoglobulins and their derivates, such as chicken IgY, equine Fab, single chain, and llama/shark-derived nanobodies. These technologies have offered very promising results to complement or preplace vaccination, especially for mucosal diseases. Additionally, the emergence of bacteria with resistance to common antibiotics raises the need to replace the use of antibiotics in livestock production with vaccines and other immunological treatments instead, following the One Health concept. Within this scenario, we are pleased to invite the research community to contribute with a review or a main paper to this Special Issue entitled “Vaccines and Passive Immune Strategies in Veterinary Medicine”. The aim of the issue will be to summarize the results and performances of the latest vaccines and passive immune therapies that are under development for animal diseases. We also invite data regarding the performance, stability and efficacy of products that have already been launched on the veterinary market. We also encourage authors to submit for publication their results from research teams working in the development of animals’ models for vaccine potency testing.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following topics:

  • Targeted subunit and VLP veterinary vaccines;
  • mRNA and DNA vaccines for veterinary use;
  • IgY therapies for animal diseases;
  • Llama-derived nanobodies against animal diseases;
  • Equine Fab antiserum to prevent and treat animal diseases. 

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Viviana Parreno
Dr. Marina Bok
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary vaccine
  • passive immune therapy
  • IgY
  • Fab
  • VHH
  • nanobody
  • VLP

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2471 KiB  
Article
Optimized Production of Virus-like Particles in a High-CHO-Cell-Density Transient Gene Expression System for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Development
by Ana Clara Mignaqui, Alejandra Ferella, Cintia Sánchez, Matthew Stuible, Romina Scian, Jorge Filippi, Sabrina Beatriz Cardillo, Yves Durocher and Andrés Wigdorovitz
Vaccines 2025, 13(6), 581; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060581 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 674
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a continuous threat to livestock health and agricultural economies. Current vaccines require high biosafety standards and are costly to produce. While novel vaccine technologies have been explored, most fail to meet industrial scalability, cost-efficiency, or multiserotype flexibility [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a continuous threat to livestock health and agricultural economies. Current vaccines require high biosafety standards and are costly to produce. While novel vaccine technologies have been explored, most fail to meet industrial scalability, cost-efficiency, or multiserotype flexibility required for effective FMD control. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a high-cell density transient gene expression (TGE) system in CHO cells for the production of FMDV virus-like particles (VLPs) as a recombinant vaccine platform. Methods: VLP expression was optimized by adjusting cDNA and polyethyleneimine (PEI) concentrations. Expression yields were compared at 24 and 48 h post-transfection to determine optimal harvest timing. We further tested the system’s capacity to express different serotypes and chimeric constructs, incorporating VP1 sequences from various FMDV strains. Immunogenicity was evaluated in swine using VLPs from the A2001 Argentina strain as a model. Results: Optimal VLP expression was achieved at 24 h post-transfection. Chimeric constructs incorporating heterologous VP1 regions were successfully expressed. Immunized pigs developed protective antibody titers as measured by a virus neutralization test (VNT, log10 titer 1.43) and liquid-phase blocking ELISA (LPBE, titer 2.20) at 28 days post-vaccination (dpv). Titers remained above protective thresholds up to 60 dpv with a single dose. A booster at 28 dpv further elevated titers to levels comparable to those induced by the inactivated vaccine. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using CHO cell-based TGE for producing immunogenic FMDV VLPs. This platform shows promise for scalable, cost-effective, and biosafe development of recombinant FMD vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Passive Immune Strategies in Veterinary Medicine)
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17 pages, 6227 KiB  
Article
A Novel Vaccine for Bovine Diarrhea Complex Utilizing Recombinant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Expressing Surface-Displayed Chimeric Antigens from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7
by Hernán Ramírez, Daniel A. Vilte, Daniela Hozbor, Eugenia Zurita, Daniela Bottero, María C. Casabonne, Ángel A. Cataldi, Andrés Wigdorovitz and Mariano Larzábal
Vaccines 2025, 13(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13020124 - 25 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1441
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, a zoonotic pathogen primarily found in cattle, causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans, often through contaminated food. Its Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) facilitates gut colonization. In contrast, neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is mainly caused by [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, a zoonotic pathogen primarily found in cattle, causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans, often through contaminated food. Its Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) facilitates gut colonization. In contrast, neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is mainly caused by pathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Salmonella spp., Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), and Bovine Rotavirus type A (BRoVA). This study engineered a chimeric protein combining EspB and Int280γ, two T3SS components, expressed in the membranes of Salmonella Dublin and ETEC. Methods: Immune responses in vaccinated mice and guinea pigs were assessed through ELISA assays. Results: Successful membrane anchorage and stability of the chimera were confirmed. Immune evaluations showed no enhancement from combining recombinant bacteria, indicating either bacterium suffices in a single formulation. Chimeric expression yielded immunogenicity equivalent to 10 µg of recombinant protein, with similar antibody titers. IgG1/IgG2a levels and Th1, Th2, and Th17 markers indicated a mixed immune response, providing broad humoral and cellular protection. Responses to BCoV, BRoVA, ETEC, and Salmonella antigens remained strong and did not interfere with chimera-specific responses, potentially boosting NCD vaccine efficacy. Conclusions: The chimera demonstrated robust immunogenicity, supporting its potential as a viable vaccine candidate against EHEC O157:H7. This approach could enhance NCD vaccine valency by offering broader protection against calf diarrhea while reducing HUS transmission risks to humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Passive Immune Strategies in Veterinary Medicine)
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13 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
Serological Responses of Guinea Pigs and Heifers to Eight Different BoAHV-1 Vaccine Formulations
by Luana Camargo, Yasmin Vieira Franklin, Gustavo Feliciano Resende da Silva, Janaína Ferreira Santos, Viviana Gladys Parreño, Andrés Wigdorovitz and Viviani Gomes
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060615 - 4 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) infection affects the production and reproductive performance of dairy and beef livestock, resulting in considerable economic losses. In addition to biosecurity measures, vaccination programs are effective strategies for controlling and preventing BoAHV-1 infection and transmission. We evaluated the serological [...] Read more.
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) infection affects the production and reproductive performance of dairy and beef livestock, resulting in considerable economic losses. In addition to biosecurity measures, vaccination programs are effective strategies for controlling and preventing BoAHV-1 infection and transmission. We evaluated the serological immune response against BoAHV-1 induced by eight different formulations of commercial vaccines: three modified live vaccines and five killed vaccines containing BoAHV type 1 or types 1 and 5. In the first experiment, 50 BoAHV-1-seronegative guinea pigs were assigned to eight groups; each individual in the treatment groups received two doses (one-fifth of the bovine dose). The second experiment was conducted using 29 crossbred Holstein × Gir heifers in four groups of six to nine animals each. The serological immune response against BoAHV-1 was measured using virus neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure the total IgG against BoAHV. We evaluated the effects of the vaccine, time, and interaction of the vaccine and time on neutralizing antibodies against BoAHV-1. Killed vaccines produced low levels of antibodies against BoAHV-1, whereas modified live vaccines produced high levels of antibodies capable of providing neutralizing titers in the vaccinated animals, with the thermosensitive modified live vaccine showing the highest levels of antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Passive Immune Strategies in Veterinary Medicine)
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