Oral and Nucleic Acid Vaccines for Zoonotic and Animal Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 5513

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
Interests: zoonotic diseases; vaccine development; immunological mechanism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the latest developments in oral and nucleic acid vaccines for the prevention and control of zoonotic and animal infectious diseases. It will encompass a range of topics, including vaccine design and process development, safety and efficacy evaluation, scale production and manufacturing process optimization, and the elucidation of the immunological mechanisms in various animal targets. The Issue aims to highlight the importance of these vaccines in reducing the infection and transmission of diseases between animals and humans, thereby improving public health and animal welfare. By featuring cutting-edge research, the Special Issue will provide a platform for scientists and health professionals to share knowledge and foster collaboration in the field of vaccine science.

Dr. Lei Shuai
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oral vaccines
  • nucleic acid vaccines
  • zoonotic diseases
  • animal infectious diseases
  • vaccine development
  • vaccine safety
  • vaccine efficacy
  • immunological mechanism

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3015 KB  
Article
An Oral Vaccine Derived from Attenuated Salmonella Producing Murine Cytomegalovirus M24 Protein Induces Successful Antiviral Immune Responses in Mice
by Yujun Liu, Hao Gong, Jiaming Zhu and Fenyong Liu
Vaccines 2026, 14(3), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14030279 - 22 Mar 2026
Viewed by 569
Abstract
Background: Oral gene delivery vectors, such as those derived from attenuated Salmonella strains, have shown great promise in oral vaccine development against various human diseases. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus capable of affecting the global population and establishing lifelong infection. Generation of [...] Read more.
Background: Oral gene delivery vectors, such as those derived from attenuated Salmonella strains, have shown great promise in oral vaccine development against various human diseases. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus capable of affecting the global population and establishing lifelong infection. Generation of an anti-CMV vaccine is a major public health priority. Methods: This study reports the development of a novel weakened Salmonella strain, S713, and the effects of this strain as an oral vaccine candidate against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in mice. Results: The weakened Salmonella strain S713 was attenuated in killing mice in vivo by >500,000 fold compared to a clinical strain, following intragastric instillation in animals. Mice intragastrically immunized with S713 that produced MCMV M24 protein exhibited elevated anti-MCMV mucosal IgA and serum IgG titers and enhanced anti-MCMV T cell responses. Moreover, immunization with the generated vaccine in MCMV-challenged mice not only suppressed viral replication in lungs, spleens, livers, and salivary glands but also increased animal survival. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate strong and effective anti-MCMV immune responses induced by the generated M24-expressing vaccine. Furthermore, our results reveal the promising capability of weakened strain S713 expressing different CMV proteins to act as oral vaccines against CMV infections and diseases. Full article
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15 pages, 5946 KB  
Article
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Canine Distemper DNA Vaccine Formulated with Lipid Nanoparticles in Dogs, Foxes, and Raccoon Dogs
by Hong Huo, Han Wang, Shulin Liang, Zilong Wang, Jinming Wang, Qingzhu Wang, Chan Li, Yuting Tao, Jinying Ge, Zhiyuan Wen, Jinliang Wang, Weiye Chen, Xijun Wang, Lei Shuai and Zhigao Bu
Vaccines 2025, 13(6), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060614 - 6 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4407
Abstract
Background: canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), posing a significant threat to carnivores. New CDV strain circulation and multi-species infection may lead to the potential dilemma of safety concern and insufficient efficacy of [...] Read more.
Background: canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious and fatal disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), posing a significant threat to carnivores. New CDV strain circulation and multi-species infection may lead to the potential dilemma of safety concern and insufficient efficacy of the commercial modified live vaccines. Safe and effective vaccines for canine and wildlife prevention of CD need to be continuously updated and developed. Methods: we developed two DNA vaccines, p17F-LNP and p17H-LNP, encoding the fusion protein (F) or hemagglutinin protein (H) of a field CDV strain (HLJ17) and encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Serum neutralizing antibody (NAb) was evaluated via neutralization tests, and mouse serum cytokine detection were evaluated via ELISA. Results: immunization of p17F-LNP and p17H-LNP monovalent or bivalent were safe, and induced robust CDV NAb and cytokine responses in mice. LNP encapsulation improved immune responses compared to naked DNA formulation, and the bivalent formulation of p17F-LNP and p17H-LNP (p17F/H-LNP) exhibited synergistic effects with a high level of immune responses. Moreover, two doses of p17F/H-LNP induced long-lasting CDV NAb for over 300 days in dogs, and prime and boost NAb responses in foxes and raccoon dogs. Conclusions: the preliminary findings provided here warrant further development of the p17F/H-LNP vaccine for animal targets against CDV infection. Full article
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