Vaccine against Poultry Diseases

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 4965

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Interests: poultry; probiotics; microbiology; vaccinology; antibiotic resistance; medicinal plants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Poultry production is increasing globally to meet the demand of animal-source proteins. Chicken meat and eggs are cheap and readily available animal-source foods. Time and again, poultry production has faced setbacks across the globe due to infectious disease outbreaks at the farm level that not only lead to production and economic losses, but also put food security at risk.

Robust vaccines and stringent vaccination procedures supplemented with farm biosecurity are essential to control infectious diseases. To date, many vaccines are commercially available against major poultry diseases, with promising results that need to be validated by the broader scientific community. We are launching this Special Issue, “Vaccines against poultry diseases”, and welcome papers highlighting recent and modern approaches towards the development of next-generation poultry vaccines. We will also accept papers emphasizing the molecular diagnosis, epidemiology and control of poultry diseases. Manuscripts dealing with the study of barriers to vaccine uptake, the preparedness of farming communities against poultry disease and making technology available to the farming community will be considered only if the subject is relevant to poultry vaccines. The mission is to enhance the scientific knowledge in the field of poultry vaccines and to promote poultry health.

Dr. Muhammad Nawaz
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 18477 KiB  
Article
Cytokines, Serological, and Histopathological Assessment of Recombinant Vaccination Strategies for Combatting Infectious Bursal Disease in Broiler Chickens
by Mahmoud S. Gewaily, Fares El-Khyat, Abd Elnaby Tahoon, Mohammed Al-Rasheed, Safaa E. Abdo, Ahmed Gado, Mohamed Elmasry and Mahmoud M. Ismail
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010027 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 2372
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) represents a greatly transmissible viral disease found worldwide, causing significant health and production challenges in young chickens. The aim of this research was to assess the immune reaction induced by different vaccines targeting IBD. These vaccines included recombinant (Vac1; [...] Read more.
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) represents a greatly transmissible viral disease found worldwide, causing significant health and production challenges in young chickens. The aim of this research was to assess the immune reaction induced by different vaccines targeting IBD. These vaccines included recombinant (Vac1; HVT-IBD vector), immune complex (Vac2; Bursa-Plex®), and intermediate plus (Vac3; Bursine plus) IBD vaccines. Our assessment relied on serological and histopathological analyses, as well as the pattern of immune-related cytokine expression in the bursal tissue. The vaccinated groups, along with a control positive (CP) group, were subjected to a vvIBDV challenge on their 28th day of life, while the control negative (CN) group received a mock vaccination with PBS. Our study revealed that Vac1 resulted in the most favorable growth performance, as well as maintained normal liver and kidney function, mitigating the impact of IBDV infection. Serological analysis using VP2 ELISA kits indicated that Vac1 induced the strongest immunological response among all vaccines. Histopathological examination demonstrated that Vac1 caused minimal lymphoid depletion observed in the lymphoid organs, followed by Vac2. Analysis of cytokine expression profiles showed significant upregulation in all vaccinated groups, particularly Vac1, during the pre-challenge period. Following IBDV infection, Vac1 resulted in a noteworthy increase in the expression of IL2 and IFN-γ, Vac2 showed a significant upregulation in TNF-α and granzyme, and both Vac1 and Vac3 exhibited increased levels of IL1β and IL10. In conclusion, our study suggests that the various vaccines triggered immune responses against IBD through both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, recombinant followed by immune complex vaccines appeared to induce more robust immunity while also being safer for broiler chickens in contrast to the intermediate plus vaccine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine against Poultry Diseases)
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16 pages, 4555 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Fowlpox Virus Vector Vaccine Expressing VP2 and Chicken Interleukin-18 in the Protection against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
by Ibrahim Eldaghayes, Lisa Rothwell, Michael Skinner, Abdunaser Dayhum and Pete Kaiser
Vaccines 2023, 11(11), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11111716 - 14 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
In mammals, the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the immune response is to drive inflammatory and, normally therefore, anti-viral responses. IL-18 also shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant in mammals. Chicken IL-18 (chIL-18) has been cloned. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
In mammals, the role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the immune response is to drive inflammatory and, normally therefore, anti-viral responses. IL-18 also shows promise as a vaccine adjuvant in mammals. Chicken IL-18 (chIL-18) has been cloned. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of chIL-18 to act as a vaccine adjuvant in the context of a live recombinant Fowlpox virus vaccine (fpIBD1) against Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). fpIBD1 protects against mortality, but not against damage to the bursa of Fabricius caused by IBDV infection. The Fowlpox virus genome itself contains several candidate immunomodulatory genes, including potential IL-18 binding proteins (IL-18bp). We knocked out (Δ) the potential IL-18bp genes in fpIBD1 and inserted (::) the cDNA encoding chIL-18 into fpIBD1 in the non-essential ORF030, generating five new viral constructs –fpIBD1::chIL-18, fpIBD1ΔORF073, fpIBD1ΔORF073::chIL-18, fpIBD1ΔORF214, and fpIBD1ΔORF214::chIL-18. The subsequent protection from challenge with virulent IBDV, as measured by viral load and bursal damage, given by these altered fpIBD1 strains, was compared to that given by the original fpIBD1. Complete protection was provided following challenge with IBDV in chicken groups vaccinated with either fpIBDIΔ073::IL-18 or fpIBD1Δ214::IL-18, as no bursal damage nor IBDV was detected in the bursae of the birds. The results show that chIL-18 can act as an effective vaccine adjuvant by improving the fpIBD1 vaccine and providing complete protection against IBDV challenge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccine against Poultry Diseases)
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