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Vaccines
Special Issues
Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines II
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Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines II

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines against Tropical and other Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 7009

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Florian Douam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Interests: anti-viral immunity; live-attenuated viral vaccine; mouse models of virus infection; humanized mouse models; viral immunogenicity; viral pathogenicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines”: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines/special_issues/flavivirus_vaccines2.

Flavivirus is a viral genus of single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses, which includes several highly clinically relevant viruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Flaviviruses are commonly transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, etc.) to vertebrates and humans, causing natural epidemic-borne diseases. Most flaviviruses cause zoonotic diseases that translate into a variety of clinical manifestations, from mild to lethal viscerotropic disease or encephalitis.

The recent re-emergence of YFV in Brazil and Angola, as well as the ZIKV epidemic in the Americas in 2015–2016, have been powerful reminders of the increasing health and economic threats posed by flaviviruses worldwide. Climate change and its consequential impact on global temperatures has been nurturing that threat by expanding the endemic areas of several known flavivirus vectors. The increase in human density and destruction of natural habitats in those endemic areas are also perfect recipes for setting up the stage for the rapid emergence of novel or currently neglected flaviviruses with strong epidemic potential (such as Usutu virus (USUV), Ilheus virus, or Wesselsbron virus). Taken together, these concerns call for an urgent need to expand our portfolio of antiviral countermeasures against flaviviruses.

Today, most flavivirus infections remain non-preventable because of the lack of effective vaccines. The only licensed flavivirus vaccines rely on live-attenuated platforms, and it is challenging to produce these in high volumes during a public health emergency. Recent advances in our understanding of flavivirus immunity and vaccine development, including the emergence of mRNA vaccines, open novel avenues for the design of effective and safe vaccines against a large panel of current and emerging flaviviruses. This Special Issue focuses on the latest researches on flavivirus vaccine development. We are interested in original research articles or short communications focusing on anti-flavivirus immunity for guiding the rational development of vaccines, as well as in original translational studies focusing on flavivirus vaccine evaluation and safety. We are also interested in comprehensive or systematic reviews of current and future vaccine approaches against flavivirus-induced diseases. All manuscripts will follow standard journal peer review practices. We look forward to receiving your contributions to the Special Issue.

Dr. Florian Douam
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flavivirus vaccines
  • vaccine development
  • Dengue Virus
  • Yellow Fever Virus
  • West Nile Virus
  • Zika Virus
  • tick-borne encephalitis virus
  • immunization
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 547 KiB  
Communication
The Urgent Need for Dengue Vaccination: Combating an Escalating Public Health Crisis in Pakistan
by Somia Iqtadar, Javed Akram and Amjad Khan
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080913 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3155
Abstract
Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), poses a significant global health threat, with a dramatic increase in cases driven by climate change, urbanization, and mosquito resistance. In Pakistan, a country with a population of 240 million, the world’s fifth largest, dengue [...] Read more.
Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), poses a significant global health threat, with a dramatic increase in cases driven by climate change, urbanization, and mosquito resistance. In Pakistan, a country with a population of 240 million, the world’s fifth largest, dengue has emerged as an escalating public health crisis, with seasonal outbreaks severely straining the healthcare system. Despite decades of vector control efforts, there has not been much success, necessitating the introduction of dengue vaccination to boost population immunity. Recent advancements in vaccine development demonstrate promising efficacy and safety profiles, even in dengue-naive individuals. Implementing a dengue vaccination program in Pakistan could significantly reduce the disease burden, lower healthcare costs, and prevent future outbreaks. Integrating vaccination with existing public health initiatives can achieve high coverage and improve overall public health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines II)
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15 pages, 3316 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Pathogenesis and Development of Recombinant Japanese Encephalitis Virus Genotype 3 as a Vaccine
by Jae-Yeon Park, Hye-Mi Lee, Sung-Hoon Jun, Wataru Kamitani, Onnuri Kim and Hyun-Jin Shin
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 597; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060597 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 1623
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, has caused epidemics and severe neurological diseases in Asian countries. In this study, we developed a cDNA infectious clone, pBAC JYJEV3, of the JEV genotype 3 strain (EF571853.1) using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) [...] Read more.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, has caused epidemics and severe neurological diseases in Asian countries. In this study, we developed a cDNA infectious clone, pBAC JYJEV3, of the JEV genotype 3 strain (EF571853.1) using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vector. The constructed infectious clone was transfected into Vero cells, where it exhibited infectivity and induced cytopathic effects akin to those of the parent virus. Confocal microscopy confirmed the expression of the JEV envelope protein. Comparative analysis of growth kinetics revealed similar replication dynamics between the parental and recombinant viruses, with peak titers observed 72 h post-infection (hpi). Furthermore, plaque assays demonstrated comparable plaque sizes and morphologies between the viruses. Cryo-electron microscopy confirmed the production of recombinant virus particles with a morphology identical to that of the parent virus. Immunization studies in mice using inactivated parental and recombinant viruses revealed robust IgG responses, with neutralizing antibody production increasing over time. These results showcase the successful generation and characterization of a recombinant JEV3 virus and provide a platform for further investigations into JEV pathogenesis and vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines II)
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17 pages, 2226 KiB  
Article
Impact of HIV-Related Immune Impairment of Yellow Fever Vaccine Immunogenicity in People Living with HIV—ANRS 12403
by Diogo Gama Caetano, Thais Stelzer Toledo, Ana Carolina Souza de Lima, Carmem Beatriz Wagner Giacoia-Gripp, Dalziza Victalina de Almeida, Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima, Adriana de Souza Azevedo, Michelle Morata, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Marcellus Dias da Costa, Luciana Gomes Pedro Brandão, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Daniel Scott-Algara, Lara Esteves Coelho and Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060578 - 25 May 2024
Viewed by 1555
Abstract
The yellow fever (YF) vaccine is one of the safest and most effective vaccines currently available. Still, its administration in people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited due to safety concerns and a lack of consensus regarding decreased immunogenicity and long-lasting protection for [...] Read more.
The yellow fever (YF) vaccine is one of the safest and most effective vaccines currently available. Still, its administration in people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited due to safety concerns and a lack of consensus regarding decreased immunogenicity and long-lasting protection for this population. The mechanisms associated with impaired YF vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH are not fully understood, but the general immune deregulation during HIV infection may play an important role. To assess if HIV infection impacts YF vaccine immunogenicity and if markers of immune deregulation could predict lower immunogenicity, we evaluated the association of YF neutralization antibody (NAb) titers with the pre-vaccination frequency of activated and exhausted T cells, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and frequency of T cells, B cells, and monocyte subsets in PLWH and HIV-negative controls. We observed impaired YF vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH with lower titers of YF-NAbs 30 days after vaccination, mainly in individuals with CD4 count <350 cells/mm3. At the baseline, those individuals were characterized by having a higher frequency of activated and exhausted T cells and tissue-like memory B cells. Elevated levels of those markers were also observed in individuals with CD4 count between 500 and 350 cells/mm3. We observed a negative correlation between the pre-vaccination level of CD8+ T cell exhaustion and CD4+ T cell activation with YF-NAb titers at D365 and the pre-vaccination level of IP-10 with YF-NAb titers at D30 and D365. Our results emphasize the impact of immune activation, exhaustion, and inflammation in YF vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Researches on Flavivirus Vaccines II)
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