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8.9
5.2
Journals
Vaccines
Special Issues
Application of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development
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Application of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2024) | Viewed by 9874

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Fei Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Interests: viral vector; oncolytic virus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

In the quest to develop novel vaccines, DNA, mRNA, inactivated, live attenuated, virion-like particle, recombinant subunit and viral vector platforms have been employed. Both traditional and genetically engineered vaccines have contributed to the control of infectious disease pandemics, such as COVID-19. However, viral vectors, which can induce robust humoral and cellular immune responses, have attracted increased attention in recent years. Viral vector vaccines have been applied in both pre-clinical and clinical trials as vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases, such as HIV-1, Malaria, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2, etc. 

This Special Issue will provide a platform through which to discuss potential novel strategies and provision of enhanced vaccine designs, research works, and experimental results regarding the development of viral vector vaccines for both infectious and non-infectious diseases. We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue with original research articles and reviews that focusing topics that include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Viral vector vaccine development and efficacy evaluation
  • Vaccine technology
  • Cancer vaccine
  • Multiple vaccine technological platforms
  • Protective mechanisms
  • Immune response to vaccines 

We eagerly anticipate receiving your contributions. 

Prof. Dr. Fei Guo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral vector vaccines
  • vaccine design
  • immune response
  • protection

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3316 KiB  
Article
Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection
by Deok-Hwan Kim, Jiho Lee, Da-Ye Lee, Seung-Hun Lee, Jei-Hyun Jeong, Ji-Yun Kim, Jiwon Kim, Yang-Kyu Choi, Joong-Bok Lee, Seung-Young Park, In-Soo Choi, Sang-Won Lee, Sungsu Youk and Chang-Seon Song
Vaccines 2024, 12(8), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12080921 - 16 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global outbreak in 2019, profoundly affecting both human health and the global economy. Various vaccine modalities were developed and commercialized to overcome this challenge, including inactivated vaccines, mRNA [...] Read more.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global outbreak in 2019, profoundly affecting both human health and the global economy. Various vaccine modalities were developed and commercialized to overcome this challenge, including inactivated vaccines, mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector-based vaccines, and subunit vaccines. While intramuscular vaccines induce high IgG levels, they often fail to stimulate significant mucosal immunity in the respiratory system. We employed the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector expressing the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (rK148/beta-S), and evaluated the efficacy of intranasal vaccination with rK148/beta-S in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Intranasal vaccination with a low dose (106.0 EID50) resulted in an 86% survival rate after challenge with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. Administration at a high dose (107.0 EID50) led to a reduction in lung viral load and 100% survival against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants. A high level of the SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA was also induced in vaccinated mice lungs following the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings suggest that rK148/beta-S holds promise as an intranasal vaccine candidate that effectively induces mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development)
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23 pages, 3549 KiB  
Article
Parallel Multifactorial Process Optimization and Intensification for High-Yield Production of Live YF17D-Vectored Zika Vaccine
by Sven Göbel, Ozeir Kazemi, Ji Ma, Ingo Jordan, Volker Sandig, Jasmine Paulissen, Winnie Kerstens, Hendrik Jan Thibaut, Udo Reichl, Kai Dallmeier and Yvonne Genzel
Vaccines 2024, 12(7), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070755 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1751
Abstract
The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D strain is a potent vaccine and viral vector. Its manufacture is based on embryonated chicken eggs or adherent Vero cells. Both processes are unsuitable for rapid and scalable supply. Here, we introduce a high-throughput workflow to identify suspension [...] Read more.
The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D strain is a potent vaccine and viral vector. Its manufacture is based on embryonated chicken eggs or adherent Vero cells. Both processes are unsuitable for rapid and scalable supply. Here, we introduce a high-throughput workflow to identify suspension cells that are fit for the high-yield production of live YF17D-based vaccines in an intensified upstream process. The use of an automated parallel ambr15 microbioreactor system for screening and process optimization has led to the identification of two promising cell lines (AGE1.CR.pIX and HEKDyn) and the establishment of optimized production conditions, which have resulted in a >100-fold increase in virus titers compared to the current state of the art using adherent Vero cells. The process can readily be scaled up from the microbioreactor scale (15 mL) to 1 L stirred tank bioreactors. The viruses produced are genetically stable and maintain their favorable safety and immunogenicity profile, as demonstrated by the absence of neurovirulence in suckling BALB/c mice and consistent seroprotection in AG129 mice. In conclusion, the presented workflow allows for the rapid establishment of a robust, scalable, and high-yield process for the production of live-attenuated orthoflavivirus vaccines, which outperforms current standards. The approach described here can serve as a model for the development of scalable processes and the optimization of yields for other virus-based vaccines that face challenges in meeting growing demands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development)
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13 pages, 1651 KiB  
Article
High-Throughput Screening for the Prevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies against Human Adenovirus Serotype 5
by Jochen M. Wettengel, Hiroaki Naka, Gregory A. Dissen, Jeffrey Torgerson, Michelle Pounder, Simon F. Mueller, Elisabeth Mueller, Philipp Hagen, Micah Brandt, Ulrike Protzer and Benjamin J. Burwitz
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020155 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3158
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors based on the human adenovirus species C serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) are commonly used for vector-based gene therapies and vaccines. In the preclinical stages of development, their safety and efficacy are often validated in suitable animal models. However, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies may [...] Read more.
Adenoviral vectors based on the human adenovirus species C serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) are commonly used for vector-based gene therapies and vaccines. In the preclinical stages of development, their safety and efficacy are often validated in suitable animal models. However, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies may severely influence study outcomes. Here, we generated a new HAdV-C5-based reporter vector and established a high-throughput screening assay for the multivalent detection of HAdV-C5-neutralizing antibodies in serum. We screened the sera of rhesus macaques at different primate centers, and of rabbits, horses, cats, and dogs, showing that HAdV-C5-neutralizing antibodies can be found in all species, albeit at different frequencies. Our results emphasize the need to prescreen model animals in HAdV-C5-based studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development)
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Review

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27 pages, 1311 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Poultry Recombinant Virus Vector Vaccine Development
by Haoran Wang, Jiaxin Tian, Jing Zhao, Ye Zhao, Huiming Yang and Guozhong Zhang
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060630 - 6 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2804
Abstract
Inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are the mainstays of preventing viral poultry diseases. However, the development of recombinant DNA technology in recent years has enabled the generation of recombinant virus vector vaccines, which have the advantages of preventing multiple diseases simultaneously and simplifying [...] Read more.
Inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are the mainstays of preventing viral poultry diseases. However, the development of recombinant DNA technology in recent years has enabled the generation of recombinant virus vector vaccines, which have the advantages of preventing multiple diseases simultaneously and simplifying the vaccination schedule. More importantly, some can induce a protective immune response in the presence of maternal antibodies and offer long-term immune protection. These advantages compensate for the shortcomings of traditional vaccines. This review describes the construction and characterization of primarily poultry vaccine vectors, including fowl poxvirus (FPV), fowl adenovirus (FAdV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Marek’s disease virus (MDV), and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT). In addition, the pathogens targeted and the immunoprotective effect of different poultry recombinant virus vector vaccines are also presented. Finally, this review discusses the challenges in developing vector vaccines and proposes strategies for improving immune efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Viral Vectors for Vaccine Development)
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