Interferon Responses after Vaccine Administration

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathogens-host Immune Interface".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 6725

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
University Hospital 12 Octubre, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Interests: primary immunodeficiencies/inborn errors of immunity; newborn screening; severe combined immunodeficiency; interferonopathy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIC-Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB), Madrid, Spain
Interests: NK cell biology; primary immunodeficiencies/inborn errors of immunity; EBV; CMV

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of proteins that cells exhibiting productive effects in response to infection or other stressors. They play a critical role in immune responses by activating antiviral defenses, stimulating the production of antibodies, and recruiting immune cells to the site of infection.

The role of IFNs in the immune response to vaccines is becoming increasingly recognized. IFNs can enhance the production of antibodies and other immune responses to vaccines, and they can also help to protect against vaccine-preventable diseases.

The articles in this Special Issue will explore the latest research on the role of IFNs in the immune response to vaccines. They will discuss how IFNs interact with other components of the immune system, how IFNs can be used to improve the efficacy of vaccines, and the safety and efficacy of IFNs in vaccine development.

This special issue will be of interest to researchers and clinicians working in the fields of immunology, vaccinology, and infectious diseases.

Dr. Luis Ignacio González-Granado
Dr. Hugh Thomson Reyburn
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • interferon response
  • cytokine signaling
  • antiviral defense
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • antibodies anti-Interferon
  • primary Immunodeficiencies/inborn errors of immunity
  • host defense mechanisms
  • immunotherapy
  • vaccine efficacy
  • interferon type I/III
  • interferon type II
  • immunogenicity
  • interferonopathy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2848 KiB  
Article
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Cytokine Profiles to mRNA, Viral Vector and Protein-Based Vaccines in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Beyond Interferon Gamma
by Georges Katoul Al Rahbani, Christina Woopen, Marie Dunsche, Undine Proschmann, Tjalf Ziemssen and Katja Akgün
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060684 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) impact the cellular immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). In this study, we aim to elucidate the characteristics of the involved antigen-specific T cells via the measurement of [...] Read more.
Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) impact the cellular immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). In this study, we aim to elucidate the characteristics of the involved antigen-specific T cells via the measurement of broad cytokine profiles in pwMS on various DMTs. We examined SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in whole blood cultures characterized by the release of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as antibodies (AB) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in pwMS following either two or three doses of mRNA or viral vector vaccines (VVV). For mRNA vaccination non-responders, the NVX-CoV2373 protein-based vaccine was administered, and immune responses were evaluated. Our findings indicate that immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pwMS are skewed towards a Th1 phenotype, characterized by IL-2 and IFN-γ. Additionally, a Th2 response characterized by IL-5, and to a lesser extent IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, is observed. Therefore, the measurement of IL-2 and IL-5 levels could complement traditional IFN-γ assays to more comprehensively characterize the cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our results provide a comprehensive cytokine profile for pwMS receiving different DMTs and offer valuable insights for designing vaccination strategies in this patient population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interferon Responses after Vaccine Administration)
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Review

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28 pages, 848 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome: Interferon Response, Immunological Overview, and Future Prospects
by Jiuyi Li, Laura C. Miller and Yongming Sang
Vaccines 2024, 12(6), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060606 - 1 Jun 2024
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3947
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a formidable challenge for the global pig industry. Caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), this disease primarily affects porcine reproductive and respiratory systems, undermining effective host interferon and other immune responses, resulting in vaccine ineffectiveness. In the [...] Read more.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) remains a formidable challenge for the global pig industry. Caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), this disease primarily affects porcine reproductive and respiratory systems, undermining effective host interferon and other immune responses, resulting in vaccine ineffectiveness. In the absence of specific antiviral treatments for PRRSV, vaccines play a crucial role in managing the disease. The current market features a range of vaccine technologies, including live, inactivated, subunit, DNA, and vector vaccines, but only modified live virus (MLV) and killed virus (KV) vaccines are commercially available for PRRS control. Live vaccines are promoted for their enhanced protective effectiveness, although their ability to provide cross-protection is modest. On the other hand, inactivated vaccines are emphasized for their safety profile but are limited in their protective efficacy. This review updates the current knowledge on PRRS vaccines’ interactions with the host interferon system, and other immunological aspects, to assess their current status and evaluate advents in PRRSV vaccine development. It presents the strengths and weaknesses of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines in the prevention and management of PRRS, aiming to inspire the development of innovative strategies and technologies for the next generation of PRRS vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interferon Responses after Vaccine Administration)
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