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Toxins
Special Issues
Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Exposure
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Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Exposure

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1617

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. András Szabó

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Health and Physiology, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE), Kaposvár, Hungary
Interests: mycotoxicosis; fusariotoxins; multitoxic effects; liver; kidney; phospholipids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Omeralfaroug Ali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
Interests: biological monitoring; clinical toxicology; nutrition; lipid metabolisim; oxidative stress; dose-response relationship

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing occurrence of mycotoxins in food and feed due to climate change raises significant concerns, as these toxins constitute serious hazards for humans and animals. Exposure can lead to acute poisoning or chronic health issues, which manifest as immune deficiency, gastrointestinal disorders, hormonal disturbances, and different cell-function disorders that might ultimately lead to cancer. However, the sensitivity of an individual depends on factors like the mycotoxin molecular structure, exposure dose and duration, species, and investigated systems/organs. Despite progress in detection methods, gaps remain in understanding exposure pathways and long-term health impacts. This Special Issue spotlights recent advancements in mycotoxin biomonitoring and exposure assessments for humans and farm animals, focusing on risk assessment strategies and public health implications. It aims to promote collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders to minimize mycotoxin-related risks and enhance food safety. We invite experts to submit their original research (in vivo and in vitro), case studies, and reviews on topics like mycotoxin biomonitoring, human and animal exposure, emerging mycotoxins, and the One-Health approach.

Prof. Dr. András Szabó
Dr. Omeralfaroug Ali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mycotoxin contamination
  • toxicology
  • biomarkers
  • risk assessment
  • control strategies
  • food safety
  • one-health approach

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2851 KB  
Article
Short-Term Effects of Dietary Selenomethionine Supplementation on Hepatic and Renal Transcriptomic Alterations Induced by Ochratoxin a in Broiler Chickens
by Benjamin Kövesi, Szabina Kulcsár, Zsolt Ancsin, Márta Erdélyi, Erika Zándoki, Márk Tóth, Patrik Gömbös, Ágnes Freiler-Nagy, Krisztián Balogh and Miklós Mézes
Toxins 2025, 17(9), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17090460 - 12 Sep 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin commonly found in poultry feed, induces oxidative stress and disrupts redox homeostasis in vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, may mitigate OTA-induced toxicity by supporting the antioxidant defense systems. This [...] Read more.
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin commonly found in poultry feed, induces oxidative stress and disrupts redox homeostasis in vital organs such as the liver and kidneys. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, may mitigate OTA-induced toxicity by supporting the antioxidant defense systems. This study investigated the short-term effects of dietary selenomethionine (SeMet) supplementation on OTA-induced oxidative and transcriptional responses in broiler chickens. Fifty-four 3-week-old birds were fed diets containing 2 mg/kg OTA, a target supplementation of 0.5 mg/kg Se (measured as 0.59 mg/kg as SeMet), or a combination of the two for five days. Liver and kidney samples were collected on Days 1 and 5 for biochemical and gene expression analyses. Exposure to OTA significantly modulated the expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors (NRF2, KEAP1), selenoproteins (GPX3, GPX4, SELK), and detoxification-related genes (AHR, AHRR, CYP1A2). SeMet alone enhanced selenoenzyme expression and antioxidant capacity, while co-exposure partially attenuated OTA-induced oxidative stress, resulting in more pronounced NRF2 activation in the kidneys and CYP1A2 induction in the liver. This is the first study to characterize the transcriptomic responses to OTA exposure in poultry within the first five days, providing novel insight into organ-specific mechanisms and emphasizing the epidemiological relevance of Se supplementation in mitigating the risk of feed contamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Exposure)
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14 pages, 309 KB  
Article
Biomonitoring Pilot Surveys of Zearalenone in Breastmilk and the Urine of Children in Central Portugal
by Sofia Duarte, Inês Duarte, Myrella Duarte, Ana Paiva, Ricardo Cabeças, Liliana J. G. Silva, André M. P. T. Pereira, Celeste Lino and Angelina Pena
Toxins 2025, 17(4), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17040162 - 25 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 793
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that acts primarily as an endocrine disruptor. Biomonitoring studies are needed to assess exposure and risk, particularly among vulnerable groups. This study reports two pilot biomonitoring surveys of ZEA in 38 lactating mothers and 42 children (5–12 years [...] Read more.
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that acts primarily as an endocrine disruptor. Biomonitoring studies are needed to assess exposure and risk, particularly among vulnerable groups. This study reports two pilot biomonitoring surveys of ZEA in 38 lactating mothers and 42 children (5–12 years old). Both were associated with a questionnaire to collect data on the sociodemographics and eating habits of the participants. About 76% of urine samples were contaminated (188.12 ± 235.99 ng/mL), with the hazard quotient reaching 2.36 in the worst-case scenario for younger children. Of the analyzed breastmilk samples, 55.26% were contaminated (158.26 ± 77.50). A statistically significant association between ZEA contamination of breastmilk and the maternal consumption of wholemeal bread, cereal flakes, sausages, smoked meat and pork was found, suggesting that these foods are determinants of higher exposure. The hazard quotient in the worst-case scenario for breastfed babies under 16 weeks was estimated as 0.61. Results confirm frequent exposure to this endocrine disruptor among these two vulnerable groups in central Portugal, showing the need for further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Exposure)
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