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Toxins
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Detection of Cyanobacterial Toxins
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Detection of Cyanobacterial Toxins

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine and Freshwater Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 6277

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Audrey Roy-Lachapelle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, H2Y 2E7, Canada
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The increasing eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and climate change are major factors in the growing episode number and duration of cyanobacterial blooms, including the emergence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria. These cyanotoxins appear with a wide diversity of structures, including different classes of molecules. New congeners are constantly being discovered, and their occurrence is difficult to predict precisely. In addition, the production of toxins by certain species of cyanobacteria is still poorly understood, and their identification can provide precious information on the understanding of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. The need for effective cyanotoxin detection is obvious for the study of their ecotoxicological impacts, risk assessment, and management, which affect trophic chains and drinking water sources. The detection of cyanotoxins in different environments and biota that can be harmful to the ecosystem and public health poses major analytical challenges and requires constant methodology evolution. Such a constantly evolving field makes it possible to develop new analytical methods capable of answering questions surrounding the production of cyanotoxins, their structural complexity, their fate, and their impact in conjunction with environmental conditions.

This Special Issue will focus on the detection of cyanobacterial toxins, including new research on the investigation of cyanotoxins in complex media such as cyanobacteria cultures, biological tissues, sediment, wastewater, surface water, ground water, and marine water. It will also include in-depth research and the use of new technologies for better cyanotoxin analysis. The development and use of suspect and non-targeted screening approaches are also encouraged for the elucidation of uncommon and new cyanotoxins, and of transformation products.

Dr. Audrey Roy-Lachapelle
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Analysis
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Cyanopeptides
  • Cyanotoxins
  • Detection methods
  • Harmful algal blooms
  • Monitoring
  • Occurrence
  • Structural characterization
  • Transformation products

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 16304 KiB  
Article
Occurrence of BMAA Isomers in Bloom-Impacted Lakes and Reservoirs of Brazil, Canada, France, Mexico, and the United Kingdom
by Safa Abbes, Sung Vo Duy, Gabriel Munoz, Quoc Tuc Dinh, Dana F. Simon, Barry Husk, Helen M. Baulch, Brigitte Vinçon-Leite, Nathalie Fortin, Charles W. Greer, Megan L. Larsen, Jason J. Venkiteswaran, Felipe Fernando Martínez Jerónimo, Alessandra Giani, Chris D. Lowe, Nicolas Tromas and Sébastien Sauvé
Toxins 2022, 14(4), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040251 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2846
Abstract
The neurotoxic alkaloid β-N-methyl-amino-l-alanine (BMAA) and related isomers, including N-(2-aminoethyl glycine) (AEG), β-amino-N-methyl alanine (BAMA), and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), have been reported previously in cyanobacterial samples. However, there are conflicting reports regarding their occurrence in surface waters. In this study, we evaluated the [...] Read more.
The neurotoxic alkaloid β-N-methyl-amino-l-alanine (BMAA) and related isomers, including N-(2-aminoethyl glycine) (AEG), β-amino-N-methyl alanine (BAMA), and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB), have been reported previously in cyanobacterial samples. However, there are conflicting reports regarding their occurrence in surface waters. In this study, we evaluated the impact of amending lake water samples with trichloroacetic acid (0.1 M TCA) on the detection of BMAA isomers, compared with pre-existing protocols. A sensitive instrumental method was enlisted for the survey, with limits of detection in the range of 5–10 ng L−1. Higher detection rates and significantly greater levels (paired Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests, p < 0.001) of BMAA isomers were observed in TCA-amended samples (method B) compared to samples without TCA (method A). The overall range of B/A ratios was 0.67–8.25 for AEG (up to +725%) and 0.69–15.5 for DAB (up to +1450%), with absolute concentration increases in TCA-amended samples of up to +15,000 ng L−1 for AEG and +650 ng L−1 for DAB. We also documented the trends in the occurrence of BMAA isomers for a large breadth of field-collected lakes from Brazil, Canada, France, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Data gathered during this overarching campaign (overall, n = 390 within 45 lake sampling sites) indicated frequent detections of AEG and DAB isomers, with detection rates of 30% and 43% and maximum levels of 19,000 ng L−1 and 1100 ng L−1, respectively. In contrast, BAMA was found in less than 8% of the water samples, and BMAA was not found in any sample. These results support the analyses of free-living cyanobacteria, wherein BMAA was often reported at concentrations of 2–4 orders of magnitude lower than AEG and DAB. Seasonal measurements conducted at two bloom-impacted lakes indicated limited correlations of BMAA isomers with total microcystins or chlorophyll-a, which deserves further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Cyanobacterial Toxins)
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17 pages, 1822 KiB  
Article
Microcystis Sp. Co-Producing Microcystin and Saxitoxin from Songkhla Lake Basin, Thailand
by Ampapan Naknaen, Waraporn Ratsameepakai, Oramas Suttinun, Yaowapa Sukpondma, Eakalak Khan and Rattanaruji Pomwised
Toxins 2021, 13(9), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090631 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2897
Abstract
The Songkhla Lake Basin (SLB) located in Southern Thailand, has been increasingly polluted by urban and industrial wastewater, while the lake water has been intensively used. Here, we aimed to investigate cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the SLB. Ten cyanobacteria isolates were identified as [...] Read more.
The Songkhla Lake Basin (SLB) located in Southern Thailand, has been increasingly polluted by urban and industrial wastewater, while the lake water has been intensively used. Here, we aimed to investigate cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in the SLB. Ten cyanobacteria isolates were identified as Microcystis genus based on16S rDNA analysis. All isolates harbored microcystin genes, while five of them carried saxitoxin genes. On day 15 of culturing, the specific growth rate and Chl-a content were 0.2–0.3 per day and 4 µg/mL. The total extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content was 0.37–0.49 µg/mL. The concentration of soluble EPS (sEPS) was 2 times higher than that of bound EPS (bEPS). The protein proportion in both sEPS and bEPS was higher than the carbohydrate proportion. The average of intracellular microcystins (IMCs) was 0.47 pg/cell on day 15 of culturing, while extracellular microcystins (EMCs) were undetectable. The IMCs were dramatically produced at the exponential phase, followed by EMCs release at the late exponential phase. On day 30, the total microcystins (MCs) production reached 2.67 pg/cell. Based on liquid chromatograph-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, three new MCs variants were proposed. This study is the first report of both decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) and new MCs congeners synthesized by Microcystis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Cyanobacterial Toxins)
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